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Process Industry Practices Piping: PIP PNSC0035 Steam Tracing Specification
Process Industry Practices Piping: PIP PNSC0035 Steam Tracing Specification
September 2011
PIP PNSC0035
Steam Tracing Specification
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.
PUBLISHING HISTORY
August 2002 Issued
September 2011 Complete Revision
PIP PNSC0035
Steam Tracing Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................. 3
1.1 Purpose ............................................ 3
1.2 Scope ............................................... 3
2. References .................................. 3
2.1 Process Industry Practices .............. 3
2.2 Industry Code and Standards .......... 3
3. Definitions ................................... 3
4. Requirements.............................. 5
4.1 Design .............................................. 5
4.2 Materials ........................................... 9
4.3 Installation ...................................... 11
4.4 Inspection ....................................... 18
Drawings
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides requirements and details for the design and installation of steam
tracing systems.
1.2 Scope
This Practice describes minimum requirements for design, materials of construction,
installation, leak testing, and inspection of steam tracing systems for process fluids that
require heating to prevent condensation, freezing, unacceptable viscosity, crystallizing,
separation, or temperature control. This Practice provides requirements for equipment,
piping, and instruments for steam tracing including steam supply piping, steam tracers,
tracer traps, and condensate collection.
Comment: Use of this Practice for contractual purposes requires the purchaser to
make specific choices and assemble additional supporting documents.
Listing of or reference to supporting documents within this Practice does
not imply suitability for specific designs.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references shall
be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award
shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate.
3. Definitions
air convection tracing: Tracers attached to the pipe without the use of heat-transfer compounds.
Tubing may be bare or have a polymer jacket. A tracer is attached to the pipe with high-
temperature tape, tie-wires, or bands. Heat transfer is by means of air convection movement of
heat in the annular space between the thermal insulation and the heated pipe.
condensate: Water that is formed in the steam tracer tube if latent heat from the steam is given
up to the heated pipe or equipment
conduction tracing: Tracer tube that is thermally bonded to the heated pipe or equipment by
heat-transfer compound if the primary heat transfer means is by conduction directly into the
metal wall of the pipe or equipment being heated
heat loss: The rate at which heat flows from a hot surface, such as a process pipe to a cooler
atmosphere, usually stated in Btu/h feet (kcal/m) of length of pipe. The heat loss is typically
from the pipe through the pipe insulation to the cooler atmosphere, but can also be from
conduction through hangers and supports.
heatsink: A surface or mass such as a flange or valve that is at a lower temperature than the
warm pipe
heat tracing: The application of hot liquid, vapor, steam tracing tubes, electric heating cables, or
tapes to pipes, fittings, valves, pumps, tanks instruments, or instrument lines to offset the heat
loss through thermal insulation
isolated tracing: Tracing for sensitive piping and processes where the tracer tube is separated
from the pipe or equipment by a low conductive material. This tracing includes preinsulated
tubing with a polymer protective jacket. Heat transfer is primarily by air-convection movement
of heat in the annular space between the thermal insulation and the heated pipe.
owner: The party who owns the facility wherein the steam tracing system will be used
saturated steam: Steam at the temperature and pressure at which vaporization takes place for
that pressure and is free of moisture
steam and condensate manifolds: Modular prefabricated steam supply and condensate
collection units designed specifically for steam tracing circuits
steam tracing: A tube or small pipe carrying steam, which is placed parallel and attached to the
surface of the pipe or equipment to be heated. The tube is referred to as the “tracer,” “tracer
tube,” or simply “tracing.”
supplier: The party responsible for designing, providing the materials for, and installing the
insulation system
4. Requirements
4.1 Design
4.1.1 Tracing System Temperature Control
Proper temperature control based on an assessment of the actual system should
be evaluated.
4.1.2 Steam Supply Design/Layout
4.1.2.1 Steam used to supply steam tracing shall be from a constant source that
can be maintained independently of plant operations.
4.1.2.2 If possible, the steam supply shall be taken from a source that is
continuously available even during normal shutdown periods.
4.1.2.3 Steam shall be distributed at the highest pressure and reduced to the
design requirements of the tracer system using a pressure-reducing
valve.
4.1.2.4 To help ensure the quality of the tracing steam, all steam supply
manifolds and tracer circuits shall have a separate steam trap station
installed.
4.1.2.5 Tracing steam shall be dry saturated steam at a pressure that provides
the tracing design heat input requirements.
4.1.2.6 The tracing supply header shall be adequately sized to provide the
maximum tracer design load (steam pounds per hour) and trapped at its
low points.
4.1.2.7 The number of tracer connections on a manifold shall be 12 maximum.
A minimum of two of these connections shall be designated as spares.
4.1.2.8 If possible, vertical type manifolds shall be provided.
4.1.3 Steam Trap Selection
Comment: Effective removal of condensate and air is essential to achieving
uniform temperatures and maximum heat-transfer rates from
steam tracing circuits.
4.1.3.1 Steam trap manufacturers shall be consulted regarding the selection and
sizing of the steam traps as well as for sizing and proper installation
techniques to provide trouble-free winter performance.
4.1.3.2 Preassembled steam trapping stations with universal connectors are
preferred.
4.1.3.3 The type of traps selected shall be in accordance with the design and
efficiency requirements of the tracing system.
4.1.4 Steam Pressure Selection
The following criteria shall be considered when selecting the steam pressure
that can be utilized to meet the steam tracing design requirements:
a. Desired maximum allowable number of tracers on a line
4.1.6.9 Pressure losses for preinsulated tubing that runs from the steam
manifold to the tracer circuit, from the tracer to the condensate
manifold, and from the manifold to the condensate return header shall
be calculated separately if the length of these runs is greater than 100-
feet (30-m) total.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 General
4.2.1.1 All materials used to construct steam tracing components shall be new
and in accordance with this Practice.
4.2.1.2 See PIP Piping Material Specifications as required for piping details.
4.2.1.3 Steam supply, condensate return, and tracer tubing wall thickness shall
be in accordance with ASME B31.3.
4.2.1.4 Steam supply subheaders and tracing steam distribution manifolds shall
be of the same materials as the steam header.
4.2.1.5 Condensate return subheaders and tracing condensate collection
manifolds shall be of the same materials as the condensate return
header.
4.2.2 Preinsulated Leads
4.2.2.1 Tubing shall be insulated with approved purchaser thermal insulation
and jacketed with plastic rated for 105ºF (40ºC) or greater.
4.2.2.2 Sufficient insulation shall be provided for a maximum surface
temperature of 140ºF (60ºC) during operation. The sensible
temperature and wind speed for the location and the maximum steam
temperature and pressure expected for the particular application should
be considered.
4.2.3 Tracer Material
4.2.3.1 The tracer in a steam tracing system shall be sufficiently flexible for
ease of installation and conformance to the shape and layout of the
pipes and equipment being heated.
4.2.3.2 The tracer shall act as a leak-proof carrier of the heating media.
4.2.3.3 If possible, tubing shall be used rather than pipe for tracing.
4.2.3.4 The tracer shall be selected in accordance with the thermal and
installation requirements as determined by the process pipe material,
temperature of the process pipe and tracer, pressure of the heating
media, and the environment.
4.2.3.5 The tracer shall be of metal close to the potential of the process pipe to
minimize galvanic corrosion.
4.2.4 Copper Tubing
4.2.4.1 Bare copper tubing tracers shall be soft-annealed grade 122 and shall be
in accordance with or exceed ASTM Standard B68 and ASTM Standard
B75.
4.2.4.2 Unless corrosion or other deterrents exist, copper tubing shall be used if
the saturated steam pressure or the item being traced does not exceed
400 F (204 C).
4.2.4.3 Tubing wall thicknesses shall be as follows for the tubing sizes shown:
a. 3/8-inch (9.52-mm) OD: 0.035-inch (.89-mm)
b. 1/2-inch (12.7-mm) OD: 0.035-inch (.89-mm)
c. 3/4-inch (19-mm) OD: 0.049-inch (1.24-mm)
4.2.4.4 1/4-inch (6.35-mm) OD tubing tracers shall be used only if absolutely
required for heating small tubes or other similar applications.
4.2.5 Stainless Steel Tubing
4.2.5.1 Bare stainless steel tubing shall be type 316/316L stainless steel in
accordance with PIP PN50SD0L01.
4.2.5.2 Unless corrosion or other deterrents exist, stainless steel tubing shall be
used if the saturated steam pressure or the item being traced has a
maximum temperature between 400 F (204 C) and 800 F (427 C).
4.2.5.3 Tubing wall thicknesses shall be as follows for the tubing sizes shown:
a. 3/8-inch (9.52-mm) OD: 0.035-inch (.89-mm) minimum
b. 1/2-inch (12.7-mm) OD: 0.035-inch (.89-mm)
4.2.6 Preinsulated Tracers
4.2.6.1 The material requirements for preinsulated tracer tubing shall be the
same as specified in this Practice for bare tracers.
4.2.6.2 Preinsulated tracers shall be covered with a flexible insulation and a
weather-tight flexible jacket.
4.2.6.3 The jacket shall be flexible enough to permit bending the preinsulated
tracer to fit typical installations.
4.2.7 Tracer Tubing Fittings
4.2.7.1 Tracer tubing fittings shall be suitable for the pressure of the contained
steam.
4.2.7.2 Fittings shall be compression type.
4.2.7.3 Fittings shall be made of material compatible with the tracer
construction material.
4.2.8 Steam Traps
4.2.8.1 Steam traps shall be sized for the maximum calculated condensate load
in the expected operating pressure range.
4.2.8.2 Steam traps shall be provided with an integral strainer, air vent, and
blow-off valve.
4. A value of 0.5 psi per vertical foot (11.31 kp/m) of lift shall be used
to calculate the pressure from lift.
5. The back pressure shall not be greater than the allowable limit of
the selected trap.
4.3.6.6 A test tee should be installed just downstream of the trap to permit
checking of trap performance.
4.3.7 Tracing Identification
4.3.7.1 Each tracer circuit shall be identified by two corrosion-resistant
identification tags. One tag shall be installed on the steam supply valve
at the steam distribution manifold and the other tag shall be installed on
the isolation valve located on the steam trap assembly.
4.3.7.2 Steam tracer supply stations and condensate trap stations shall be given
line numbers. An isometric piping erection drawing shall be made for
each station. These stations shall be assigned numbers that shall be
located on the plot plan and the model to indicate unit number, station
number, and whether they are supply or trap stations.
4.3.7.3 The identification tags shall be fabricated from 16-gauge corrosion-
resistant material suitable for the environment and attached to the
supply valve and steam trap assembly valve with No. 16 gauge
corrosion-resistant wire.
4.3.7.4 Identification tags shall be stamped with 1/4-inch (6-mm) numbers and
letters using the identification system established for the project.
4.3.7.5 See details PIP PNSC0035-09 through PNSC0035-12 appended to this
Practice for identification tags for tracing lines and manifolds.
4.3.8 Tracers on Valves and Pumps
4.3.8.1 Tracing for valves and pumps shall be tubing in the form of hairpin
loops so that the tracer makes the least amount of complete circles.
4.3.8.2 The number of feet of tracer to surface area of valve or pump shall be
sufficient to obtain the same ratio or greater of feet of tracer per unit of
surface area as on the straight pipe surface area.
4.3.8.3 Unless otherwise specified, hairpin tubing loops shall be attached to the
valve or pump surface with 1/2-inch by .020-inch (12-mm by .5-mm)
stainless steel bands, high-temperature fiberglass tape, or No. 16 gauge
stainless steel wire.
4.3.8.4 See details PIP PNSC0035-20, PNSC0035-21, and PNSC0035-25
appended to this Practice for arrangement details.
4.3.9 Tracers on Vessels
4.3.9.1 Unless otherwise specified, external tracing for vessels shall be either
prefabricated stainless steel heating panels formed to the required
radius, or hairpin loop tubing panels.
4.3.9.2 See details PIP PNSC0035-24 and PNSC0035-25 appended to this
Practice for arrangement details for tracing on vessels.
4.3.9.3 Prefabricated stainless steel heating panels may have a layer of factory-
applied nonhardening heat-transfer compound between the vessel
surface and the back of the heating panel.
4.3.9.4 Small equipment with an outside radius of curvature less than 7 inches
(178 mm) and vessel bottoms with compound curved surfaces may be
traced with tubing in the form of hairpin loops in lieu of heating panels.
4.3.9.5 Unless otherwise specified, hairpin circuits shall be embedded in heat-
transfer compound.
4.3.9.6 Each tracing panel shall have a separate steam trap station.
4.3.9.7 Tracing systems on equipment shall be separate from tracing systems
dedicated for piping.
4.3.10 Tracing on Instruments
4.3.10.1 Tracing for instruments and instrument impulse lines shall be in
accordance with details PIP PNSC0035-26 through PNSC0035-35
appended to this Practice.
4.3.10.2 Tracing shall be installed so that instruments can be removed for
maintenance without interrupting or removing the tracing.
4.3.10.3 Tracing shall be applied only to the process-wetted parts of
instruments, not to electronic or pneumatic parts.
4.3.10.4 Tracer sizes shall be as follows for the applications shown:
a. Gauge glass and external displacer level instruments: 1/2-inch
(12-mm) OD tubing
b. Meter leads: 3/8-inch (10-mm) or 1/2-inch (12-mm) OD tubing
4.3.11 Heating Systems for Instruments Enclosures
4.3.11.1 Pressure gauge enclosures shall be heated with the heat from the
process line by installing heat conservation insulation up to the
enclosure or by continuing the tracer at the gauge connection.
4.3.11.2 Differential pressure transmitters with partial enclosures shall be
heated by a steam heater block installed under the instrument. The
heater shall have its own flexible thermal insulation cover and be
installed where it will not interfere with removal of the transmitter.
4.3.11.3 Preinsulated tubing bundles may be used in lieu of field-traced and
insulated instrument lead lines.
4.3.11.4 Transmitters, controllers, recorders, etc., with complete polyurethane
enclosures shall be heated with a separate finned steam heater
connected by tube fittings to the steam tracer.
4.3.12 Preinsulated Lead Supports
4.3.12.1 The installation and support of preinsulated instrument tubing bundles
and preinsulated steam supply and condensate return lines shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.