This master should be used by designers working on Port of Portland construction projects and by designers working for PDX

tenants (“Tenants”). Usage notes highlight a few specific editing choices, however the entire section should be evaluated and
edited to fit specific project needs.

SECTION 356214 – PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

PART 1 - GENERAL

0.1 DESCRIPTION

A. Provide precast, prestressed concrete piling, complete, as shown and specified per the contract
documents.

0.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE

A. Section 031100, Concrete Formwork

B. Section 032000, Concrete Reinforcing

C. Section 033000, Cast-In-Place Concrete

0.3 REFERENCES

A. ACI: American Concrete Institute

B. AISC: American Institute of Steel Construction

C. ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.

1. ASTM A36: Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
2. ASTM A416: Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for
Prestressed Concrete
3. ASTM D3441: Standard Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests of Soil

D. Oregon State Building Code

E. PCI: Prestressed Concrete Institute

1. PCI Manual, Manual for Quality Control for Plants and Production of Precast Prestressed
Concrete Products

0.4 QUALIFICATIONS

A. Manufacture of prestressed concrete piles shall be carried out under the direct supervision of an
experienced and competent supervisor who has had a minimum of 5 years experience in charge
of the production and quality control of prestressed concrete products.

B. Quality control shall be in accordance with PCI Manual, MNL 116-77, Manual for Quality
Control for Plants and Production of Precast Prestressed Concrete Products. In the absence of a

11/12/2019 PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

/conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc 356214-1
 designation as a “PCI Certified Plant” under the Prestressed Concrete Institute Certification
Program, submit written evidence of experience, plant facilities, quality control procedures,
staff, and any qualifications for manufacturer of piles.

0.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Prior to manufacture of prestressed concrete piles, submit shop drawings, casting procedure,
and prestressing methods to the Port for approval.

Note reference to Attachment 1 below. Delete if not included in contract.

B. At least two weeks prior to mobilization at the site, submit proposed pile installation equipment
data form (see Attachment 1) to the Port for review. The Port will conduct wave equation
analyses and may require modifications of driving cushion, pile cap, and cap block to meet the
requirements of this specification.

C. Submit details of all pile extensions and splices for approval by the Port.

D. Submit structural computations by a registered engineer in the State of Oregon to verify

structural adequacy of pile and splice designs. Submit calculations with shop drawings.

E. Submit written reports to the Port of proposed mix for each type of concrete at least 15 days
prior to start of precast unit production. Do not begin concrete production until mixes and
evaluations have been reviewed by the Port.

F. Submit a traffic control plan for pile and equipment delivery.

G. Provide a minimum 48-hour notification to the Port of any activity (i.e., crane heights, excessive
noise and vibrations, etc.) that may potentially impact Port operations.

H. Submit as-built locations and elevations (final tip and top cut-off) to the Port for review.

0.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

A. Piles shall be designed to not less than the requirements of the Oregon State Building Code with
regard to material, reinforcement and allowable stresses. In addition to design loads, splices
shall be designed to carry impact and rebound loads during driving. Handling and
transportation loads shall not exceed allowable stresses.

B. Piles shall be designed to carry vertical downward (compression) load of ____ tons and uplift
(tension) loads indicated on the drawings. Both the splice and pile connections to cap shall be
designed for tension loads of ____________________________________.

0.7 INDICATOR PILE INSTALLATION PROGRAM

A. Test drive piles under observation of the Port. The Port will furnish pile dynamic analyzer
instrumentation to monitor pile behavior during driving. The instrumentation shall consist of
gages with wire leads which shall be attached to the concrete piles with concrete screws. The

PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES 11/12/2019

356214-2 /conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc
 Contractor shall pre-drill holes. Lifting the pile or pile segments into the hammer leads with the
gages mounted will not be allowed. The gages shall be mounted into the pre-drilled holes after
the pile is mounted in the leads. Assist and cooperate with the Port in installing and observing
instruments.

B. Pile driving during monitoring is typical of ordinary driving except that the Port may
temporarily stop driving at any time due to dynamic monitoring performance.

C. Pile driving equipment proposed for driving of production piles shall be used for indicator pile
installation program.

Fill in pile cap locations in blanks below:

D. The minimum program shall consist of one indicator driven at each of the following pile cap
locations: ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___. Pile
locations may be adjusted as approved by the Port to better accommodate the Contractor’s
proposed construction sequence.

E. Information obtained by the indicator pile installation program will be used by the Port to
determine production pile lengths, and final penetration and driving criteria.

F. The length of indicator piles shall be the length shown on the drawings plus 10 feet.

G. After completing the driving of the indicator piles, the Port may request a re-strike of the
indicator piles. Dynamic monitoring will be performed during re-strike. A minimum of 24 to
48 hours will be required between the initial driving and re-strike.

H. Test piles shall be incorporated in the permanent construction. No additional payment will be
made to reinstall piling at test pile location.

I. Complete indicator pile installation program prior to the installation of production piles unless
approved otherwise by the Port.

0.8 CONE PENETRATION TEST PROBES

Fill in pile cap locations in blanks below:

A. Prior to conducting the indicator pile installation program, the Contractor shall make 9 cone
penetration test probes (commonly known as Dutch cone probes). One probe shall be made at
each of the following pile cap locations: ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___, ___-___,
___-___, ___-___, ___-___. The cone penetration test probes shall be made in accordance with
ASTM D3441. The total probe footage will be 1,200 feet. The final depth of each probe will
be determined in the field by the Port. The probes will be observed by the Port.

11/12/2019 PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

/conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc 356214-3
PART 2 - PRODUCTS

0.1 CONCRETE

A. For precast prestressed piling, use minimum Class 5000-3/4.

0.2 REINFORCING STEEL

A. Concrete reinforcement is specified in Section 032000, Concrete Reinforcing.

0.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL

A. Meet the requirements of ASTM A36.

0.4 PRESTRESSING STRAND

A. 270K tensile strength, seven-wire prestressing strand, conforming to requirements of ASTM

Designation A416. Furnish the manufacturer’s mill certificates of each heat used.

0.5 ANCHORS AND LIFTING BOLTS

A. The Manufacturer shall design and furnish pick-up points of the type required to pick up and
handle units. Calculations submitted by the Contractor shall include handling of pile and lifting
bolt design.

0.6 CURING MATERIAL

A. As specified in Section 033000, Cast-in-Place Concrete.

0.7 FORMWORK

A. As specified in Section 031100, Concrete Formwork.

0.8 DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS

A. Minimum dimensions and details are shown on the drawings. Design by manufacturer.

PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES 11/12/2019

356214-4 /conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc
PART 3 - EXECUTION

0.1 GENERAL

A. The methods and equipment used in the prestressing operations shall generally conform to
patterns being used by currently accepted systems of pretensioning and PCI Manual
MNL-116-77, but proposed variations from these methods and equipment may be acceptable,
provided equally satisfactory results are obtained.

B. Each pile shall be designed for precasting as a monolithic unit with the prestressing force
applied by pretensioning methods, using uncoated, stress-relieved, high-tensile steel strand.
Place the pretensioning strands symmetrically in the piles, extending through the length of the
pile in straight parallel lines.

C. Provide prestressing jacks with means for determining the stresses in the strand at any time or
phase of the stressing operation and with certified calibration curves and tables for each jack.

D. Complete the placing and tying of reinforcement, forms, and other details prior to casting
concrete into an individual pile.

E. If, after placement of the concrete and before the Port authorizes release of the externally
applied prestressing force, readings indicate a reduction in the specified prestressing force due
to steel failure or slippage, movement of abutments, or other cause, whether determined or not,
the entire group of piles in which failure occurred will be rejected.

F. Keep dowel openings clean and plug interior voids to 2 feet below reinforcing steel prior to
concrete placement.

G. Pile driving operations shall be performed within the constraints created by Port operations.

0.2 PILE DRIVING PLANT

A. Provide equipment of adequate size and capacity to handle, place, and hold the piles to the
designed alignment. This equipment must be able to maintain the alignment of pile and
hammer without damage to either.

B. Maintain all pile driving equipment in safe operating condition at all times.

C. Driving hammers shall be in good repair and operating condition and shall be capable of being
operated at the manufacturer’s rated number of blows per minute except when necessary to
reduce the speed to avoid damage to the piles, e.g., at the beginning of driving long piles.

D. Equipment or methods which result in regular or repeated damage to piles during driving or is
detrimental to the bearing capacity of piling already driven will be rejected by the Port.

E. Use air, steam, or diesel driving hammers capable of driving the piles to the depths shown on
the drawings. The suitability of a proposed driving hammer must be demonstrated during the
indicator pile program. If the Contractor proposes a different driving hammer during the

11/12/2019 PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

/conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc 356214-5
 installation of production piles, the cost for the dynamic pile analyzer instrumentation for the
proposed hammer tried by the Contractor shall be borne by the Contractor.

0.3 PILE INSTALLATION AND DRIVING CRITERIA

A. Locate each pile accurately in accordance with the plans. Reference cut-off elevation of each
pile to benchmarks established by the Port.

B. The Port will specify production pile lengths based on indicator pile installation program.
Production lengths may be modified based on observations made during production pile
installation. The Port will specify lengths of piling in adequate numbers to maintain continuity
of pile production and installation procedures.

C. The Port will specify terminal penetration and driving criteria based upon wave equation and
indicator pile installation program. The Port reserves the right to modify terminal driving
criteria based on driving experience of indicator or production piles without additional
compensation to the Contractor.

D. Maintain hammer and pile cushions in satisfactory condition. Cushions burned, charred or
compressed to less than 60 percent of their original thickness shall be replaced.

E. During driving of the production piles, the Port may monitor up to 20 production piles with the
pile dynamic analyzer instrumentation. The Port will furnish the instrumentation. Assist and
cooperate with the Port in installing and observing instruments, at no additional cost to the Port.

F. Spuds may be used to assist pile installation.

G. Jetting for installation of piling shall not be allowed.

0.4 TOLERANCES

A. Deviation of pile head under the pile caps may be 3 inches from plan position, in any direction,
and +/- 1 inch from cut-off elevation shown on the drawings.

B. Tolerances shall be measured after cut-off.

0.5 DRIVING RECORDS

A. Render such assistance as may be required by the Port in keeping records of the piles driven.
This includes marking the piles with marks at 1-foot intervals and number at 5-foot intervals to
show the dimension from the pile tip. Place marks prior to the start of driving. Marks and
numbers shall be readily seen from a minimum distance of 15 feet.

B. The Contractor will not be responsible for counting blows per foot.

PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES 11/12/2019

356214-6 /conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc
0.6 OBSTRUCTIONS DURING DRIVING

A. Minor obstructions are obstructions encountered within 5 feet of mud line/bottom of pile cap.
Should an obstruction stop the advancement of a pile, it will still be classed as a minor
obstruction unless the same obstruction also stops the advancement of a second pile adjacent to
the first. No extra payment will be made for the removal of a minor obstruction.

B. Major obstructions are obstructions not classed as minor. Additional work directed by the Port
to acceptably complete the installation of the pile after encountering a major obstruction will be
considered extra work under the terms of the General Conditions. A major obstruction will be
determined as such after engineering review of pertinent field conditions and driving data. In
addition, the Port reserves the right to require the Contractor to demonstrate, at no additional
cost to the Port, that the pile cannot be driven by conventional means.

0.7 REJECTED PILES

A. No payment for furnishing, driving, cut off, or extension will be made for any piling installed
by the order of the Port to correct or replace piles which are out of tolerance, broken,
misoriented, or otherwise violate these specifications, or for pulling or reinstallation of any
piling incorrectly installed.

11/12/2019 PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES

/conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc 356214-7
END OF SECTION 356214

PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PILES 11/12/2019

356214-8 /conversion/tmp/scratch/446582626.doc