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Broadband Video Over Category 6 UTP Cabling: Paul Kish Michel Bohbot
Broadband Video Over Category 6 UTP Cabling: Paul Kish Michel Bohbot
Paul Kish
Michel Bohbot
NORDX/CDT
Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada
+1-514-822-2345
paul.kish@nordx.com
michel.bohbot@nordx.com
1
Figure 1 – Broadband video distribution in a business 5e, 500 MHz for Category 6 and 650 MHz for a high-end
environment Category 6 channel, such as the NORDX/CDT 4800LX
System, which has a very low Insertion Loss and about 10 dB
A big advantage of broadband video over twisted pair is that it
improved SNR beyond the Category 6 standard. This is the
has the capability to transmit many channels simultaneously
theoretical upper limit based on signal quality. For this graph,
using only a single pair in a 4-pair cable for broadcast video
it is assumed that the transmission characteristics of the
distribution or two pairs for bi-directional interactive video
cabling are well behaved beyond the maximum frequency
transmission.
specified for Category 5e (100 MHz) and Category 6 (250
What is the composition of a broadband video signal? A MHz). Other transmission impairments can further restrict
standard-definition composite video signal is composed of the either the maximum reach (100 meters) or the maximum
video information (luminance and chroma) and the audio number of channels supported.
information. The composite video signal is then modulated
on a carrier as shown in Figure 2. Different channels are
spaced at 6 MHz intervals. Therefore, depending on the Worst-case Channel Insertion Loss
bandwidth of the cabling, many channels can be carried at the including balun losses
Cat 6+
60.0
Loss (dB)
6 MHz
40.0
Video Carrier Color Audio
20.0
4.5 MHz
Figure 3 – Insertion Loss for different cable categories
Figure 2 – Composite video bandwidth allocation What are the different options for delivering video to the
The broadband video systems on the market today are desktop and what are some of the advantages of a broadband
designed to be used with 75 Ohm coaxial cables. To transmit video (CATV) distribution network? One option is Video
these signals over 100 Ohm balanced twisted pair cabling over IP using the corporate LAN. To some extent this
requires a high quality broadband balun (Balanced to option is already in use today with video clips, newscasts and
unbalanced transformer) at either end of the channel to adapt web camera images available through the Internet. The video
a 75 Ohm coaxial input using an F-connector to a 100 Ohm images tend to be of a lower resolution than broadcast quality
balanced output using a modular 8-position connector. video, e.g. a DVD movie requires a transmission capacity of 6
– 8 Mb/s using MPEG-2 video compression. A major
How far can you transmit video signals over Category 5e and
deterrent for implementing Video over IP over the corporate
Category 6 cabling? Most video receivers (e.g. TV sets) are
LAN is that real time video imposes severe demands on
designed to accommodate a wide dynamic range of signals.
bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS) for your network.
The minimum signal level at the remote television receiver is
around 1 mV pk-pk (-10 dBmV). With weaker signals, the QoS is extremely important when implementing a converged
picture is snowy and also much more susceptible to external network in which video, voice and data share the same IP
noise. The maximum output level from the local amplifier is circuit. Without effective QoS, bursty data traffic can disrupt
around 1 V pk-pk (50 dBmV), giving a dynamic range of up to video traffic, causing glitches, cutouts, frame loss, and other
60 dB for the cabling. It should be noted that the signal level consequences. This results in severe quality degradation and
may need to be reduced below 50 dBmV because of radiated user dissatisfaction. It can be an expensive proposition to
emission requirements that can further limit the dynamic upgrade an existing LAN to support high quality video. That
range for the application. is why it makes sense to consider a parallel broadband
network, to deliver video to those locations that need it,
Figure 3 is a graph of the frequency range that can be
conference rooms, class rooms, bulletin boards, select users.
accommodated for a 100-meter Category 5e, Category 6 and
Another advantage of doing it over high performance UTP
a high-end Category 6 channel based on a 60 dB Insertion
cabling is that the Category 5e and higher cabling is already
Loss limit. The frequency range is 400 MHz for a Category
2
installed in commercial buildings, is easy to administer an does
not require the disruption of installing new coaxial cabling.
Figure 4 illustrates conceptually the advantages of a parallel
RF highway, analogous to a high speed train that is called the
Broadband Express, which can deliver up to 3.4 Gb/s of
dedicated transmission capacity for broadcast quality video
Figure 6 – Broadband video application – Satellite feeds
and audio.
Modulators
Multiplexers
BB Video
RF Highway Combiner Distribution
- Reserved bandwidth Network
y - Allocated space T Channels
wa (up to 40 Mb/s per channel)
gh
MHz Channel
- No congestion / no delays
Hi
40 GB Modulator
drive
~ 40 hrs ... Test Configuration
of content Modulator
at 6 Mbps Hard drive (Signal Level and Alien Crosstalk)
L Band
Generator c
d
e
... c
d
e G-BOB
f f
950-2150 MHz g 4800LX 90 m g Level
Digital QAM Meter
QPSK to QAM Transmodulator set-top terminal 1" conduit
G-BUD
L Band QPSK QAM Upconverter
Tuner Demod. Mod. (50-860 MHz)
RF Combiner
BB Video
Splitter
Rx A
0
Nx B=>A
Nx C=>A
-10
Nx D=>A Ingress measurements - Case I
-20 Nx E => A
Nx F=>A
-30 N G=>A
30
-40
Ch 2
20
-50
-60 10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Level (dB)
0 Vid + LAN
Frequency (MHz) Vid only
-10 LAN only
Ambient
-20 Chn 2
-40
The main effect of the alien noise was changing the level of -50
the signal slightly, either higher or lower compared to the 0 50 100 150 200 250
Frequency (MHz)
receive signal without alien noise present mainly at the higher
frequencies. There was no significant effect on picture quality
that was noticeable. Figure 11 – Ingress from LAN and Video in same cable
Figure 10. For this test, the 100BASE-TX signal was injected 10
0
Ambient
-40
G-Flex
PS6LX
Patch Panel Figure 12 – Ingress from LAN and Video in separate cables
cords
Vid 5 m
a
5m What is the effect on picture quality of running LAN and
Sweep Aux 4800LX 90 m a Wall
b b Aux video in the same cable? First of all, it requires a cabling
Generator c
d
e
... c
d
e
G-BOB
f f
g 4800LX 90 m g Level
Meter
G-BUD
1" conduit 4
BoseLAN
VoIP Switch
SmartBits
100BASE-TX
Traffic Generator
system with very good crosstalk isolation between pairs. For 3.3 Additional testing
the cabling used in these tests, the NEXT crosstalk isolation is This paper presents some of the main parameters that were
about 8 dB better than specified by the TIA 568-B.2.1 tested in a real time environment to evaluate the technical
(Category 6) standard. feasibility of broadband video transmission over high-end
UTP cabling. The authors would like to mention the results
To look at the effect on picture quality we varied the level of
of other independent tests that were performed in our
the video signal until there was a perceptible interference
laboratory that are provided in an independent third party
pattern on the received picture on the TV monitor. This
test report (see reference 1). These additional tests include
effect is illustrated in Figure 13 and Figure 14 when applying a
leakage measurements in compliance with FCC part 15 –
video signal on channel 2 (55,25 MHz). For a weak signal,
Radio Frequency devices, subpart B, unintentional radiators.
e.g. –1 dBmV (Figure 13), the interference in quite visible.
This report is available on our web site at www.nordx.com.
For a stronger signal, e.g. 16 dBmV, the interference is not at
At the time of this writing, a more comprehensive series of
all noticeable. For video transmission over this type of
emissions test is in progress at an independent test laboratory
cable, it is recommended to adjust the amplifier gain to
and will be reported during the IWCS proceedings.
provide a minimum of + 20 dBmV on channel 2 and – 5
dBmV on channel 78 for good picture quality. Note: These
pictures are captured images from a DVD movie entitled
4. Conclusions
Broadband video is definitely one application that can take
“Back to the Future”
full advantage of the improved transmission performance
offered by Category 6 cabling and beyond. A low Insertion
Loss and a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio are the most important
cabling parameters for the broadband video application.
LAN
Ch2 Although the composite video signal is an analog signal today,
-1 dBmV future digital television signals will use the same broadband
frequency spectrum and channel allocation but a different
digital modulation scheme (MPEG-2 / 8-VSB or 256- QAM).
Digital television offers the potential to carry up to 500
standard definition channels using the frequency range from
No LAN 50 MHz to 550 MHz bandwidth.
Ch2
-1 dBmV
Broadband video can find all kinds of applications in a
business environment including specialty news channels, video
conferencing, distance learning and security monitoring.
There is an advantage to having the video application running
on a separate broadband network to prevent network
congestion and bottlenecks. High quality video will be the
next wave of applications that will have a dramatic impact on
Figure 13 – Effect of LAN interference for a weak signal your network. High performance Category 6 cabling is well
positioned to meet the bandwidth requirements for these
LAN applications.
Ch2
16 dBmV
4.1 Authors
No LAN
Ch2
-1 dBmV
5
magazines and technical conferences. He has presented
seminars at BICSI and other industry forums to promote
cabling standards and the need for higher performance cabling.