Indian Council Act 1909

1. Central legislative and provincial legislative council size increased from 16 to 60. (still official majority was more but it allowed
nonofficial majority in provincial legislative council.)
2. Enlarged the functions of legislative council (both). Example: legislative council can raise supplementary questions to the
executive and more resolutions can be passed on the budget.
3. Indian could now associate in viceroy and governor executive council.
4. Communal representation for Muslims (separate electorate).
5. Morley was the secretary of state and Minto was the viceroy. So it is known as the Morley-Minto reforms. Lord Minto is known
as the father of communal electorate.

Govt. Of India Act 1919

1. 1st time “Responsible Government” in India i.e. executive is responsible to legislative.
2. Central legislative council was abolished. New bicameralism system was introduced. The upper and lower house. Majority
of the members were elected by direct election.
3. Division of subjects: Central subjects and provincial subjects. Central subjects make laws of central legislative council and
provincial subjects make provincial legislative council law.
4. Provincial subjects were further divided into reserved subjects and transferred subjects. This was known as Dyarchy. In
reserved subjects, government can make laws without being responsible to the provincial legislative council for example;
matters on finance. Whereas, in transferred subjects, governor makes law which is responsible to provincial legislative
council, for example; matters on education, local self government etc.
5. It granted franchise (vote) to limited people on the basis of tax payers, proper educated.
6. Montagu was the secretary of state and Chelmsford was the viceroy. So it is called Montagu-Chelmsford reforms.
7. 3 members out of 6 members were made compulsory in viceroy executive council of India to be an indian.
8. Extended communal representation (separate electorate)—Sikh, Christian, Anglo Indians and Europeans.
9. Establishment of public service commission in 1926 due to which central public service commission was setup.
10. Reduction of powers and functions of sos by transferring the power to new office High Commissioner (at London).
11. It separated the provincial budget from central budgets for the first time.
12. After 10 years statutory commission to inquire about the working of the act. So, Simmon commission was appointed in
1927.

Govt. Of India act 1935

1. Largest act of British Govt. Which came into India in 1937 and discontinued in 1939.
2. All India federation, provinces and princely states were called units. In All India Federation power was divided between
centre and units. Three lists were made for power division : federal lists, provincial lists, concurrent lists. But, the residuary
power lies in the hand of viceroy. But, it never came into picture because the princely states disapproved it.
3. Diarchy in the provinces were abolished. Now provincial autonomy were given and responsible government were
introduced in provinces. Now, governor will act on the advice of minister and is responsible to the provincial legislative
council.
4. Diarchy was now at the centre i.e. federal subject. The reserved subjects (viceroy make law without asking legislature) and
transferred subjects (viceroy makes law with the consent of the legislature).
5. Extended communal representation (separate electorate) for a. Depressed classes, like s.c. b. Women c. Labour (workers).
6. Extended franchise about 10% of population got right to vote.
7. Establishment of a. Federal public service commission b. Provincial public service commission c. Joint public service
commission (2 or more provinces).
8. Establishment of federal court in 1937, which after independence known as Supreme Court of India.
9. Council of India were abolished and team of advisors were introduced for advising secretary of state.
10. Establishment of R.B.I to control the currency of the country.