Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

In the case of a bridge, such as shown in Fig 6.2a, the load of the deck is first
transmitted to stringers, then to floor beams and finally to the joints of the supporting
side trusses. Like the roof truss, the bridge truss loading is also coplanar, fig.6-2b

Simple Trusses:
A truss is a structure composed of slender members joined together at their end
points. The members commonly used in construction consist of wooden struts or metal
bars. In particular, planar trusses lie in a single plane and are often used to support
roofs and bridges. The trusses lie in a single plane and are often used to support roofs
and bridges.

The truss shown in Fig 6-1a is an example of a typical roof supporting-

supporting truss. In this figure, the roof load is transmitted to the truss at the joints by
means of a series of purlins. Since this loading acts in the same plane as the truss Fig 6-
1b, the analysis of the forces developed in the truss members will be two dimensional.
Assumptions for design. To design both the members and the connections of a truss, it is
necessary first to determine the force developed in each member when the truss is
subjected to a given loading. To do this we will make two important assumptions:

a. All loadings are applied at the joints. In most situation, such as for bridges and
roof trusses, this assumption is true.
b. The members are joined together by smooth pins: The joint connections are
usually formed by bolting or welding the ends of the members to a common
plate, called gusset plate as shown in Fig 6-3a or by simply passing a large bolt
or pin through each of the member, Fig 6-3b. we can assume these connections
act as pins provided the center lines of the joining members are concurrent, as
in fig. 6-3

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Method of Joints | Analysis of Simple Trusses

Method of Joints
This method is based on the fact that if the entire truss is in equilibrium then each member
of its joint is also in equilibrium.The free-body diagram of any joint is a concurrent force
system in which the summation of moment will be of no help. Recall that only two
equilibrium equations can be written

ΣFx=0 and ΣFy=0

Each truss member will act as a two-force member and therefore the force
acting at each end of the member will be directed along the axis of the member. If the
force tends to elongate the member, it is a tensile force(T) fig 6.4a; whereas if it tends to
shorten the member , it is a compression force(C) fig6.4b.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Problem#1. Solve for the support reactions at A and C and then determine all
members forces.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

ZERO-FORCE MEMBERS

Truss analysis using the method of joints is greatly simplified if we can first b. If three members form a truss joint for which two of the members are collinear,
identify those members which support no loading. These zero-force members the third member is a zero-force member provided no external force or support
are used to increase the stability of the truss during construction and to provide reaction is applied to the joint.
added support if the loading is changed.

The zero force members of a truss can generally be found by inspection.

a. If only two non-collinear members form a truss joint and no external load
or support reaction is applied to the joint, the two members must be
zero-force members.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Problem 01 Problem 2-mj

Find the force in each member of the truss shown in Fig. T-04.
Find the force acting in all members of the truss shown in Figure T-01.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Problem 03
Problem04: Using the method of joints, determine all the zero-force member of the fink
The truss pinned to the floor at D, and supported by a roller at point A is truss as shown. Assume all joints are pin connected.
loaded as shown in Fig. T-06. Determine the force in member CG.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Method of Sections | Analysis of Simple

Trusses
Method of Sections
In this method, we will cut the truss into two sections by passing a
cutting plane through the members whose internal forces we wish to
determine. This method permits us to solve directly any member by analyzing
the left or the right section of the cutting plane.
To remain each section in equilibrium, the cut members will be
replaced by forces equivalent to the internal load transmitted to the members.
Each section may constitute of non-concurrent force system from which three
equilibrium equations can be written.

ΣFH=0ΣFH=0, ΣFV=0ΣFV=0, and ΣMO=0ΣMO=0

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Example Problem #1. Solve for member BC and BE, as shown in the figure.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Problem 418.The Warren truss loaded as shown in Fig. P-418 is supported

by a roller at C and a hinge at G. By the method of sections, compute the force
in the members BC, DF, and CE.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding

Name:___________________________________________________ Topic: _ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE_________

Problem 420
Determine the force in members DF, DG, and EG of the Howe truss shown in Fig. P- Problem 004-ms
420. For the truss shown in Fig. T-05, find the internal fore in member BE.

Engr. Ruth Ann D. Maningding