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Fitokimia: Phytochemical Kimia Tumbuhan
Fitokimia: Phytochemical Kimia Tumbuhan
Phytochemicals
Disebut juga
“Phytoprotectants”
“Plant bioactive compounds”
Phytochemicals
+/- Health
What do they do in plants?
structure
pollination
colour to stems, leaves, flowers & fruits
growth & development of the plant
inhibition of the growth of competing plants
pathogen and predator resistance
TOXIC
Main types of phytochemicals
Terpenoids
Alkaloids
Sulphur compounds
Phenolics/polyphenols
Terpenoids (25,000)
Function uncertain
Unpleasant taste to discourage
grazers?
Breakdown products give hot flavour
to mustard and horseradish
Phenolics/polyphenols (8,000)
Skeletal function
UV protection
Antioxidant function
Pollination
Astringency
Immune system
Colouration (reds, purples, blues)
Examples of well-known phenolics
•Salicylic acid
•Phytoestrogens
SEL TUMBUHAN
CH2O H
O O OH
CH2O H OH OH
O O
CH2O H OH 1 OH
O O
OH 1 OH
dirajang halus
Gerus/blender
O
OH
MEMBRAN PLASMA
Semi permiabel
Lipid, protein,
METABOLIT
SEKUNDER
SURVAI LAPANGAN
KOLEKSI TUMBUHAN
SAMPEL
SPESIMEN SKRINING
HERBARIUM FITO KIMIA
LABORATORIUM
SKRINING FITOKIMIA
a. Alkaloida
Terbentuknya warna :
1. MAYER,
- 5 gr. KI , dilarutkan dalam 90 ml. Air,
- tambahkan perlahan-lahan HgCl2 sambil diaduk.
- Volume larutan dijadikan 100 ml.
2. DRAGENDORF
larutan a,
larutkan 16 g. KI dalam 40 ml. Air.
Larutan b
larutkan 0,85 g. Bismut nitrat dan 10 g. asam tartarat
dalam 40 ml. air
Campurkan,
lar a dan lar b (1:1) v/v, dan simpan pada suhu 0 o C
Penggunaan,
ambil 5 ml campuran dan larutkan dalam 50 ml air.
EKSTRAKSI : MEMPEROLEH EKSTRAK