Milovan Perić

CD-adapco

Use of STAR-CCM+ in Marine and Offshore

Engineering and Future Trends
Introduction

CD-adapco is developing simulation capabilities in STAR-CCM+

specifically for marine and offshore applications:
– Wave models
– Motion models
– Fluid-structure interaction, etc…

This is happening in collaboration with software users in industry,

research institutions and classification societies.

The aim of this presentation is to show:

– Examples of application of STAR-CCM+ in marine and offshore
engineering by our customers,
– Trends for future development in this field.
Example 1: Korean Shipyards, I

All major shipyards in Korea use STAR-CCM+.

One of the main topics is the automation of the simulation
process:
– With previous tools, customers were able to generate 2 meshes per day;
– With automated STAR-CCM+ process, they can prepare15 simulations
per day (few minutes for Excel data entry, 20 min. mesh generation)…

The automation is based on Java macros and Excel sheets.

Two templates (developed by CD-adapco Korea) are typically used:
– High Froude number (container ships)
– Low Froude number (tankers)

Advantages of automation:
– Faster process;
– Results less dependent on the user (probability for errors reduced).

Best practices captured – optimal results with minimum effort!

 Example 1: Korean Shipyards, II

Automatic refinement Automatic refinement

for free surface for hull vicinity

Automatic refinement
for generated waves

Automatic refinement
for geometry details
Example 2: Self-Propulsion Test, I

Study by CD-adapco Korea: KRISO container ship + rotating propeller,

prediction of self-propulsion point…

Trimmed grid around

hull, with local
refinements

Polyhedral grid around propeller,

sliding cylindrical interface
Example 2: Self-Propulsion Test, II

Comparison of measured (left, B/W) and predicted (right, color)

streamwise velocity contours in the plane x/LPP = 0.9911
Example 2: Self-Propulsion Test, III

Comparison of measured and predicted resistance, thrust and

torque: a reasonably good agreement is obtained…
Example 3: Virtual Towing Tank, I

A validation study at Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, Croatia

Example 3: Virtual Towing Tank, II

A very good agreement between

experiment and simulation is
obtained.

Such studies were performed for

other hulls as well, with a similar
success.
Example 4: Scale Effects

At Brodarski Institut, scale effects for pod-

drives were investigated by comparing
simulations at model and full scale. Model
scale simulations are validated against
experimental data.
 Example 5: Lifeboat Water Entry, I

Analysis by

H = 33 m H = 43 m
An analysis of collapse
of air bubble on aft
bulkhead of lifeboats
was performed; the
results were very close
to full-scale tests (3-4%)
for two drop heights. Air
compressibility was very
important…
Example 6: Oil Collector, I

The objective of this project was to find

out how much oil is collected and goes
through the pump in the original design,
and then to optimize the design with
respect to collecting capability.

Simulation by for
Example 6: Oil Collector, II

The final design that was built and used has been substantially modified
relative to the original design – based on simulation results. The collection
efficiency has been substantially improved through simulation…
 Example 7: Wave Impact, I

Simulation of wave
impact onto a
platform in shallow
water by DNV (will be
presented at OMAE-
conference 2012).
Example 7: Wave Impact, II

Evidence of damage on a
platform after it was hit by a
hurricane

Deformation in a simulation:
good agreement with field
observation…

Wave impact on an oil

platform:
Coupled simulation of flow
using STAR-CCM+ and
deformation of platform
structure using ABAQUS.

Simulation by CD-adapco
Engineering Services for
Chevron.
Example 8: Ballast Water Handling

Problems with ballast water:

– Sediment (reduces payload, restricts water flow and delays de-ballasting,
leads to increased fuel consumption due to extra weight)…
– High cost if de-ballasting cannot be completed during time slot at terminal
(less cargo can be loaded, vessel blacklisted at terminal…)

Simulations performed by Germanischer Lloyd

 Example 9: Gas Dispersion due to Leakage, I

Leakage assumed to be a small opening in the wall of a high-pressure

gas container.

Expansion to atmospheric pressure results in a high Mach number jet

flow, forming a barrel shock and Mach disk…

Konturplot von Machzahl- (links) und Temperatur- (rechts) verteilungen für Naturgas Leckströmung durch eine runde Lecköffnung
in einer 30 Bar-Rohr
Simulations performed by Germanischer Lloyd
Example 9: Gas Dispersion due to Leakage, II

Objective: Assessment of risk resulting from natural gas leakage in a

closed space housing a compressor and a turbine.
The aim was to determine areas with dangerous accumulation of air-gas
mixture…
Low Velocity Areas Areas above 50% LEL Areas above 100% LEL
Cold Surfaces
Hot Surfaces
Example 10: Roll Damping

Research Project
„Best Roll Damping“
University of
Duisburg/Essen

TU Hamburg-
Harburg

Modern ship hulls form with different bilge keels

3 years research project to reduce roll motion

Simulations performed by two universities and

Germanischer Lloyd using STAR-CCM+

Experiments by SVA Potsdam

Example 11: Erosion by Cavitation, I

Water flow at 35 m/s

3° angle of attack
75 hours duration of experiment
Simulation (DES) over several
periods of shedding
Evaluation of „Erosive Potential“
Good agreement with experiment

Simulation

Experiment Simulation by
Example 11: Erosion by Cavitation, II

Damage to rudder due to erosion

CFD prediction based on two fixed rudder positions (±4 deg).

One needs to perform simulations at different operating conditions to
produce an estimate of cavitation erosion probability…

Simulation by
Example 12: Ship-Ice Interaction

Analysis of interaction between ice pieces and structures using DEM

in STAR-CCM+ and co-simulation with ABAQUS
Objective: Assessment of risk of damage caused by impact of ice
pieces on sensitive parts of structure (like propeller blades, rudder
etc.).
Example 13: Ship Launching

Analysis of side-launching:
- Load on structure
- Ship motion

Simulation by
Other Applications

Exhaust dispertion
Fire simulation
Simulation of lowering of subsea equipment (which wave conditions are
allowable)
Simulation of installation of offshore equipment (wind turbines, jack-up
platforms etc.)
Vortex-induced motion
Simulation of drill ship stability (how to increase the operating window)
Optimization of vessel shape (coupled with FriendshipFramework)
Wake assessment
Shaft bending moments
Wind drag
Wave-added resistance
… etc.
Recently Released New Features

Superposition of motions
Overset grids
Multi-component VOF with
phase change at free
surface
Future Developments

Several new features which were requested by users will be implemented

in STAR-CCM+ and become available in future releases:
– Additional motion models (prescribed motion and additional DOF)

– Beam models for simplified treatment of ship deformation in FSI

– Automatic set-up of standard virtual tests (PMM, zig-zag, circle…)

– Automatic local mesh refinement and coarsening (controlled by overset grid

motion or flow features)

– Hydro-acoustics and vibro-acoustics

– Coupling to potential flow models for wave propagation over long distance

– … and many other improvements in collaboration with customers and research

institutions.