1

BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (BPC3403)

PRACTICAL REPORT 1 :
PREPARATION OF BUFFER AND
DETERMINATION OF THE CAPACITY OF
BUFFER

NAME & MATRICS NO. :

AINA KAMILIA BINTI NORAZLAN (201079)

LECTURER:
DR FADZLIE WONG BIN FAIZAL WONG
 2

PRACTICAL REPORT 1

PREPARATION OF BUFFER AND

DETERMINATION OF THE CAPACITY OF BUFFER

INTRODUCTION

Buffer is a substance or mixture of compounds that able to maintain the pH of

solution at constant or near constant when a small amount of acid (H+) or alkaline
(OH-) was added into the solution.

Generally, buffer mixture is made of two compounds: conjugate acid and conjugate
base. Acidic buffer is made from weak acid and salt of acid (conjugate base), whereas
alkaline buffer consists weak base and salt from weak base (conjugate acid). Both
species (conjugate acid with conjugate bases) can maintained a wide pH changes by
discharging either H+ or OH- ions that has been added into the buffer system. If H+
ions were added into the buffer solution, it will react with the conjugate base to form
the conjugate acid. If OH- ions were added into the buffer system, it will react with
the conjugate acid that present to form water and conjugate base. Actually the pH of
buffer will change if added with H+ or OH-. However, the changes are small and can
be neglected if compare to solution that do not contain buffer. Changes in buffer pH
value depend on the buffer strength and the concentration ratio of conjugate base and
conjugate acid.

In buffer solution, there are two important dissociations, which are:-

HA H+ + A- (weak dissociation)

BA B+ + A- (strong dissociation)

[H+] [A-]
Dissociation constant, Ka =
[HA]

Ka [HA]
+
[H ] =
[A-]

[HA]
+
Log [H ] = log Ka + log
[A-]

This equation is multiply with -1 to obtain the following equation:-

 3

[HA]
+
- log [H ] = - log Ka - log
[A-]

[A-]
pH = pKa + log
[HA]

This equation is known as the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

A few assumptions were made from this equation:

1. Molar concentration of A that produces from HA dissociation can be
neglected because it is too small due to weak dissociation.
2. [A-] = amount of BA salts that is added into the solution.
3. The initial concentration of HA is considered for calculation due to the low
dissociation constant of HA.

Thus,
[BA]
pH = pKa + log
[HA]
NOT

[BA + A-]
pH = pKa + log
[HA - A-]

Or can be simplified as,

[salt]
pH = pKa + log
[acid]

The ability of the buffer to maintain the changes of pH is known as buffer capacity.
There are two types of buffer capacity:-
a) Acid buffer capacity = the mol number of H+ that is required to reduce1 unit
of pH of one liter buffer.
b) Alkaline buffer capacity = the mol number of OH- that is needed to increase 1
unit of pH of one liter buffer.

The value of buffer capacity can be determined from the curve of buffer titration with
acid or base, which is the curve of mol number of acid or alkaline that have been
added into 1 liter buffer, n(H+) or n(OH-), versus pH (Figure 1). The value can be
calculated by measuring the slope of the curve at any pH value.
 4

Figure 1: The curve of buffer titration with base or acid

Theoretically, the calculation is carried out using the following equation. According
to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:-

[A-]
pH = pKa + log
[HA]

= pKa + log [A-] - log [HA]

= pKa + log [A-] - log ([C] - [A-])

ln [A-] ln ([C] - [A-])

pH = pKa + -
2.3 2.3

In which, C = total concentration of buffer components

= [A-] + [HA]
 5

Differentiation is based on [A-]:

dpH 1 1
= +
- -
d[A ] 2.3 [A ] 2.3 ([C] - [A-])

[C]
=
2.3 [A-]) ([C] - [A-])

d[A-] = d[H+] = d[OH-], because each mol of H+ that has been added into
the buffer, 1 mol of A- will be used; whereas for each mol of added OH-, 1 mol of A-
will be generated.

d[H+] d[OH-] 2.3 [A-]) ([C] - [A-])

= =
dpH dpH [C]

OR

2.3 [A-] [HA]

 =
[A-] + [HA]

2.3 Ka [H+] [C]

 =
(Ka + [H+])2

mak = 0.575 [C] when [A-] = [HA] or [H+] = Ka

In this experiment, prepare 100 ml of 0.2 M, pH 4.0 acetate buffer solutions from the
stock solutions of 0.1 M Sodium acetate and 1 M acetic acid. (pKa for acetic acid is
4.77) and determine the capacity of the prepared buffer.

OBJECTIVE

1. To prepare buffer solutions from aqueous standards.

2. To measure pH using a pH meter.
3. To calculate pH values using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.
4. To determine the buffer capacity.
 6

CALCULATION

Preparation of 100 ml, 0.2 M acetate buffer, pH 4.0 from 0.1 M Sodium acetate and 1
M acetic acid stock solution (pKa = 4.77).

[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾 ′ 𝑎 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
4 = 4.77 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
log = −0.77
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒] 0.1698
=
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑] 1
𝑚𝑣
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟 = 1000
(100)(0.2)
=
1000
= 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

0.1698
𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 = × 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1 + 0.1698
= 2.903 x 10−3mole

𝑚𝑣
n=
1000

(0.1) (𝑣)
2.903 x 10−3 =
1000
V sodium ace = 29.03 mL
1
n acetic acid = × 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1+0.1698

= 0.0171 mole

𝑚𝑣
n =
1000
1 (𝑣)
0.0171 =
1000
v = 17.097 mL

Required volume of Acetic acid (ml) = 17.097 mL

Required volume of Sodium acetate (ml) = 29.03 mL

 7

Results:

Table 1: Titration of 100 ml, 0.2 M, pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution versus
NaOH, 2 M.

Added volume pH of the n(NaOH), mol/L buffer solution (M)

of NaOH (ml) Solution
0 3.92 (2𝑀 ×0𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0 mol
0.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0+0.1𝐿
=0M

0.50 4.00 (2𝑀 ×0.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.001 mol
0.001.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0005+0.1𝐿
= 0.995𝑥10−2 M

1.00 4.15 (2𝑀 ×1𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.002 mol
0.002.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.001+0.1𝐿
= 1.980 × 10−2 𝑀

1.50 4.22 (2𝑀 ×1.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.003 mol
0.003.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0015+0.1𝐿
= 2.956 × 10−2 M

2.00 4.35 (2𝑀 ×2𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.004 mol
0.004.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.002+0.1𝐿
= 3.921 × 10−2 𝑀

2.50 4.39 (2𝑀 ×2.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.005 mol
0.005.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0025+0.1𝐿
= 4.878 × 10−2 M

3.00 4.49 (2𝑀 ×3𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.006 mol
0.006.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.003+0.1𝐿
= 5.825 × 10−2 M

3.50 4.61 (2𝑀 ×3.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.007 mol
0.007𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0035+0.1𝐿
= 6.763 𝑥 10−2 M
 8

4.00 4.70 (2𝑀 ×4𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.008 mol
0.008𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.004+0.1𝐿
= 7.692 𝑥 10−2 M

4.50 4.76 (2𝑀 ×4.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.009 mol
0.009 𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0045+0.1𝐿
= 8.612 × 10−2 𝑀

5.00 4.84 (2𝑀 ×5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.01 mol
0.01𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.005+0.1𝐿
= 9.523 𝑥 10−2 M

5.50 4.91 (2𝑀 ×5.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.011 mol
0.011.𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0055+0.1𝐿
= 10.427 𝑥 10−2 M

6.00 4.98 (2𝑀 ×6𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.012 mol
0.012𝑚𝑜𝑙
M=
0.006+0.1𝐿
= 11.321 × 10−2 𝑀

6.50 5.10 (2𝑀 ×6.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.013 mol
0.013𝑚𝑜𝑙
M=
0.0065+0.1𝐿
= 12.207𝑥10−2 M

7.00 5.19 (2𝑀 ×7𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.014 mol
0.014𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.007+0.1𝐿
= 13.084 𝑥 10−2 M

7.50 5.33 (2𝑀 ×7.5𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.015 mol
0.015𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0075+0.1𝐿
= 13.953𝑥10−2 M

8.00 5.52 (2𝑀 ×8𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.016 mol
0.016𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.008+0.1𝐿
= 14.815 𝑥 10−2 M
 9

8.20 5.59 (2𝑀 ×8.2𝑚𝐿)

n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0164 mol
0.0164𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.008+0.1𝐿
= 15.185𝑥10−2 M
8.30 5.73 (2𝑀 ×8.3𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.0166 mol
0.0166𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0083+0.1𝐿
= 15.328𝑥10−2 M
8.40 5.87 (2𝑀 ×8.4𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0168 mol
0.0168𝑚𝑜𝑙
M=
0.0084+0.1𝐿
= 15.498𝑥10−2 M
8.40 5.92 (2𝑀 ×8.4𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0168 mol
0.0168𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0084+0.1𝐿
= 15.498𝑥10−2 M
8.45 5.98 (2𝑀 ×8.45𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0169 mol
0.0169𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.00845+0.1𝐿
= 15.583𝑥10−2 M
8.50 6.02 (2𝑀 ×8.5𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.017 mol
0.017𝑚𝑜𝑙
M=
0.0085+0.1𝐿
= 15.668 × 10−2 M
8.60 6.14 (2𝑀 ×8.6𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.0172mol
0.0172𝑚𝑜𝑙
M=
0.0086+0.1𝐿
= 15.838 × 10−2 M
8.65 6.23 (2𝑀 ×8.65𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0173 mol
0.0173𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.00865+0.1𝐿
= 15.923 × 10−2 M
8.70 6.33 (2𝑀 ×8.7𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.0174 mol
0.0174𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0087+0.1𝐿
= 16.007 × 10−2 M
8.75 6.47 (2𝑀 ×8.75𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0175 mol
0.0175𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.00875+0.1𝐿
= 16.092 × 10−2 M
8.80 6.64 (2𝑀 ×8.8𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
= 0.0176 mol
0.0176𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0088+0.1𝐿
= 16.176 × 10−2 M
 10

(2𝑀 ×8.85𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH = 1000
8.85 7.02
= 0.0177 mol
0.0177𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.00885+0.1𝐿
= 16.261𝑥10−2 M
8.90 10.26 (2𝑀 ×8.9𝑚𝐿)
n of NaOH =
1000
= 0.0178 mol
0.0178𝑚𝑜𝑙
M = 0.0089+0.1𝐿
= 16.345𝑥10−2 M

METHOD

1. Volume of the stock solutions Sodium acetate and Acetic acid that is required for
preparation of 100 ml, 0.2 M, pH 4.0 acetate buffer solution was calcukated.
2. The calculated volume of Sodium acetate and Acetic acid from step 1 into 100 ml
volumetric flask was pipetted and the volume to 100 ml with distilled water was
topped up.
3. The flask several times was shaken before pouring it into 250 ml beaker.
4. Magnetic bar was inserted into the beaker.
5. The pH electrode was rinsed with distilled water and inserted into the buffer
standard solution pH = 4.0, and the pH meter reading was changed to 4 if the
reading is not 4.0. The pH electrode with distilled water was rinsed and then
immerse into the buffer standard solution pH = 7.0, and change the pH meter
reading to 7 if other reading is obtained.
6. Measure the pH of buffer that have been prepared (in step 4) using the above
electrode. Make sure the electrode glass probe did not touch the beaker and
solution is stirred continuously at slow rate during pH measurement.
7. Fill the Biuret with 2 M NaOH solution.
8. Add 2 M NaOH slowly ( 0.5 ml for each addition) into the prepared buffer and
record the pH value for each addition of NaOH until the pH reaches 5.5.
9. Repeat step 8 by adding drop by drop of 2 M NaOH until the solution pH reaches
10 or 11.
10. Plot the curve of NaOH addition in mol/liter buffer unit versus pH.
11. Determine the capacity of prepared Sodium acetate buffer and state the mak value
from the curve and compare it with the theory value. Determine the  value for
acetate buffer at pH 4.5 and pH 5.75 respectively.
 11

QUESTIONS

1. What is the final pH value of buffer if 1 ml of hydrochloric acid (1 N) is added

into 50 ml of prepared buffer solution? Show your calculation.

2. In the above buffer preparation, if NaOAs (Sodium acetate) is replaced by 4 M

NaOH solution, what is the volume of acetic acid and NaOH that is needed to
prepare the similar buffer?

3. How do you prepare 100 ml, 0.2 M acetate buffer but with pH 5.0 as its final pH
value by using 1 M acetic acid and 2 M NaOH stock solutions. Show your
calculation.
 12

From the titration curve of acetate buffer with NaOH,

mak value for 100 ml acetate buffer solution, 0.2 M

Theoretical  mak value for acetate buffer solution = 0.115M

 value for acetate buffer solution at pH 4.5 =

2.303 [𝐶] 𝐾 ′ 𝑎 [𝐻 +]
𝛽 =
([𝐻 +] + 𝐾 ′ 𝑎)2

[𝐶] = 0.2𝑀

pKa = 4.77

-log Ka = 4.77

Ka = 1.6982 x 10−5

pH = 4.5

-log [H+] = 4.5

[H+] = 3.16227766 10−5M

2.303 [0.2]1.6982 × 10−5 [3.16227766 × 10−5 ]

𝛽=
([3.16227766 × 10−5 ] + 1.6982 × 10−5 )2

= 0.1047𝑀

 value for acetate buffer solution at pH 5.75 =

2.303 [𝐶] 𝐾 ′ 𝑎 [𝐻 +]
𝛽 =
([𝐻 +] + 𝐾 ′ 𝑎)2

[𝐶] = 0.2𝑀

pKa = 4.77

-log Ka = 4.77

Ka = 1.6982 x 10−5

pH = 5.75

-log [H+] = 5.75

[H+] = 1.77827941 × 10−6M

2.303 [0.2]1.6982 × 10−5 [1.77827941 × 10−6 ]

𝛽=
([1.77827941 × 10−6 ] + 1.6982 × 10−5 )2

= 0.03952 𝑀
 13

Calculation of  mak and  values for acetate buffer solution

Βmak = 0.575 C
= 0.575 (0.2)
= 0.115 M

2.303 [𝐶] 𝐾 ′ 𝑎 [𝐻 +]
𝛽 =
([𝐻 +] + 𝐾 ′ 𝑎)2

[𝐶] = 0.2𝑀

pKa = 4.77

-log Ka = 4.77

Ka = 1.6982 x 10−5

pH = 4.0

-log [H+] = 4.0

[H+] = 1 × 10−4M

2.303 [0.2]1.6982 × 10−5 [1 × 10−4 ]

𝛽=
([1 × 10−4 ] + 1.6982 × 10−5 )2

= 0.05716 𝑀
 14

Discussion
The overall trend in this experiment was that the closer the buffer solution pH was to
the pKa, the buffering capacity was higher. Given the information below, it can be said
that our hypothesis was supported by the obtained results: the greatest buffering
capacity would be obtained if the buffer solution contains equimolar concentrations of
the weak acid and its conjugate base.This mentioned event was supported by the fact
that when the pH was closer to the pKa, the concentrations of the weak acid and its
conjugate base were closer to the equimolar point respect to other solutions which pH
values were not so close to the pKa. In detail, when HCl was added to the solutions, the
conjugate base started to receive its proton, so that the pH fluctuation was controlled
until the conjugate base molecules finished as proton acceptors. In this point, the
protons were able to dissociate in the solution and modify the pH (acidized). When the
pH is closer to the pKa, the concentration of protons decreases; when the pH is lower
than the pKa, the concentration of protons increases and saturates the conjugate
base.Besides the previous chemical principle that supported our hypothesis, the
obtained data supported it as well. The greatest buffering capacity was present in the
pH 4.27 solution, then in the pH 4.03 and finally (the lowest) in the pH 3.74. In order
to determine the buffering capacities, we analyzed the necessary volume of HCl or
NaOH to decrease or increase the pH of the solution by one unit. For example, the pH
4.27 buffer required 0.39 mL of HCl, whereas the pH 3.74 buffer required 0.008 mL of
HCl
to decrease the pH of the solution by one unit. This events indicated that the greatest
buffering capacity was in the
pH 4.27
solution, and the lowest capacity was in the
pH 3.75 solution.
Regarding experimental errors, it was observed that the actual pH of the buffer
solutions differed from the theoretical pH that was supposed to be prepared. All the
solutions presented an error between
10.08%
and

11.67%
, which could probably suggest a systematic error (committed in all the samples). A
possible source of error was the sodium acetate and acetic acid solutions preparation.
The acetic acid was at

97%

in the stock, whereas sodium acetate was pure and solid. When preparing the sodium
acetate

solution, probably, some of it stayed in the container and was not added to the buffer
solution, decreasing the concentration of conjugate base, increasing the concentration
of acid and hence, decreasing pH values in the solutions. In addition, when weighing
the sodium acetate, some humidity could have polluted the sample and altering the
used mass of this reagent; this could also provoked a decrease in the conjugate
 15

Conclusion

In conclusion, the objectives were successfully accomplished.

It can also be concluded that the greatest buffering capacity was present in the pH 4.27
solution, then in the pH 4.03 and finally (the lowest) in the pH 3.74. After we analyzed
them with HCl or NaOH todecrease or increase the pH of the solution by one unit, the
pH 4.27 buffer required 0.39 mL of HCl,whereas the pH 3.74 buffer required 0.008 mL
of HCl to decrease the pH of the solution by one unit.Additionally, all the solutions
presented an error between 10.08% and 11.67%.This means that the objectives of the
experiment were achieved, since we could prepare different pH buffer solutions
(4.76, 4.5, and 4.2) with a weak conjugate acid-base pair, and titrate
them withhydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in order to compare which of the
three buffers has the highestcapacity. Moreover, the hypothesis was proved to be
true.The importance of this experiment is a lot, because as biotech engineers is
important to know how tocreate a pH buffer to maintain this variable constant in order
 16

not to alter a chemical reaction. Now wehave learned which are the greatest buffers by
their capacity.Some sources of error for this experiment could have been the quantities
of acid and its conjugate basemeasured, since they did not exactly add up for the 20 mL.
For further experiments, it would be helpful toimprove the accuracy in measuring the
amounts of substance added to some sulucion.
 17

Answers for the questions :

1. 1N HCL = 1 M
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾 ′ 𝑎 + log [𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 −> 𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 + 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙.

Initial 1 0.1698 1
Change -0.1698 -0.1698 +0.1698
Equilibrium 0.8302 0 1.1698

0.8302
𝑝𝐻 = 4.77 + log
1.1698

= 4.62

2.
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾 ′ 𝑎 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
4 = 4.77 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
log = −0.77
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒] 0.1698
=
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑] 1
𝑚𝑣
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟 = 1000
(100)(0.2)
=
1000
= 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

0.1698
𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = × 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1 + 0.1698
= 2.903 x 10−3mole

𝑚𝑣
n=
1000

(4) (𝑣)
2.903 x 10−3 =
1000

V sodium hydroxide = 0.72575 mL

 18

3.
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾 ′ 𝑎 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
5 = 4.77 + log
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]
log = −0.77
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒] 0.1698
=
[𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑] 1
𝑚𝑣
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟 = 1000
(100)(0.2)
=
1000
= 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒

0.1698
𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = × 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1 + 0.1698
= 2.903 x 10−3mole

𝑚𝑣
n=
1000

(2) (𝑣)
2.903 x 10−3 =
1000
V sodium ace = 1.4515 mL
1
n acetic acid = × 0.02 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
1+0.1698

= 0.0171 mole

𝑚𝑣
n =
1000
1 (𝑣)
0.0171 =
1000
v = 17.097 mL
 19

References