Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture2 PDF
Lecture2 PDF
Lecture2 PDF
Copyright 2009, The Johns Hopkins University and Saifuddin Ahmed. All rights reserved. Use of these materials
permitted only in accordance with license rights granted. Materials provided “AS IS”; no representations or
warranties provided. User assumes all responsibility for use, and all liability related thereto, and must independently
review all materials for accuracy and efficacy. May contain materials owned by others. User is responsible for
obtaining permissions for use from third parties as needed.
Methods in Sample Surveys
• SRSWR: Nn
⎛N⎞
• SRSWOR: ⎜ n ⎟⎟
N Cn = ⎜
⎝ ⎠
SRSWR: Nn
• Example: 2 elements from 4 (ABCD)
• With SRSWR: 42 = 16
• AA, AB, AC, AD,
BA, BB, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CC, CD,
DA, DB, DC, DD = 16 samples
⎛N⎞
SRSWOR: N Cn = ⎜
⎜ n ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
N! 4!
• Mathematically, = =6
( N − n)! n! 2!2!
•
AA, AB, AC, AD,
BA, BB, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CC, CD,
DA, DB, DC, DD
⎛N⎞
SRSWOR: N Cn = ⎜
⎜ n ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
N! 4!
• Mathematically, = =6
( N − n)! n! 2!2!
•
AB, AC, AD,
BA, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CD,
DA, DB, DC,
⎛N⎞
SRSWOR: N Cn = ⎜
⎜ n ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
N! 4!
• Mathematically, = =6
( N − n)! n! 2!2!
•
AB, AC, AD,
BA, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CD,
DA, DB, DC,
⎛N⎞
SRSWOR: N Cn = ⎜
⎜ n ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
N! 4!
• Mathematically, = =6
( N − n)! n! 2!2!
•
AB, AC, AD
BC, BD
CD = 6 samples
Sample selection probability
all the samples are equally likely to be selected under SRS,
then the probability of selecting each sample of size n is p(s):
1 1 1
SRSWR: 1/N n
from, . ..... = 1 / N n
N N N
⎛N⎞ 1 1 1 n! ( N − n)!
SRSWOR: 1/ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ from, . ...... .n! =
⎝n ⎠ N N −1 N − n +1 N!
What is the probability that the
sample “AB” will be selected?
• SRSWR = 1/16
• SRSWOR = 1/6
Element selection probability in sample
(inclusion probability):
Let πi is the inclusion probability for unit i,
Then πi = ∑p(s) =
1 1 1 1 n
SRSWR: n/N From: + + .... + = ∑ = for every n
N N N N N
1 N −1 1 N −n 1 n
SRSWOR: n/N From: + . + ....... + . =
N N N −1 N N −n N
What is the probability that
element “A” will be selected?
• AA, AB, AC, AD,
SRSWR= 8/16=1/2
BA, BB, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CC, CD,
DA, DB, DC, DD
What is the probability that
element “A” will be selected?
• AA, AB, AC, AD,
SRSWR= 8/16=1/2
BA, BB, BC, BD,
CA, CB, CC, CD,
DA, DB, DC, DD
varwor ( x ) N − n n
deff wor ( x ) = = ≈ 1− ( if we assume N is l arg e )
varwr ( x ) N − 1 N
1 N T
P = ∑ Yi =
N i =1 N
1 n
p = ∑ yi
n i =1
5. The sample variance of proportion is:
npq
s2 = where q =1 − p
n −1
pq
var(p) = with replacement
n −1
or
pq ⎛ N − n ⎞ pq ⎛ n⎞
var(p) = ⎜ ⎟= ⎜1 − ⎟ without replacement
n −1⎝ N ⎠ n −1⎝ N ⎠
Usually in practice, Var(p) is approximated as:
pq n
var(p) ≈ (1 − )
n N
Implementation of SRS
sampling:
7, 17,27,.........,97
if k=6 is considered, treat the sampling frame as a circular list and continue the
selection of samples from the beginning of the list after exhausting the list
during the first cycle.
So, the first sample is 4th in the list. The second = (4+5.71) =9.71 ~9th in
the list, the third =(4+2*5.71) =15.42 ~ 15th in the list, and so on. (The last
sample is: 4+5.71*(175-1) = 997.54 ~ 997th in the list).
2. Simple to implement