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Lab Report
Lab Report
Lipids
Lipids: Another word for "fats." (Please see the various meanings of Fat.) Lipids can be more
formally defined as substances such as a fat, oil or wax that dissolves in alcohol but not in water.
Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but have far less oxygen proportionally than
carbohydrates.
Lipids are an important part of living cells. Together with carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are
Cholesterol and triglycerides are lipids. Lipids are easily stored in the body. They serve as a source
Lipids include fatty acids, neutral fats, waxes and steroids (like cortisone). Compound lipids (lipids
complexed with another type of chemical compound) comprise the lipoproteins, glycolipids and
phospholipids.
Etymology: Whereas the everyday term "fat" comes from the Old English (from "faett" meaning
crammed or adorned), the more scientific term "lipid" comes from the Greek "lipos" which referred
The most commonly known lipids are fats. These molecules consist of a 3-carbon glycerol linked
to fatty acid chains. Insoluble in water because they contain an abundance of nonpolar bonds, lipid
molecules have six times more stored energy than carbohydrate molecules. Upon hydrolysis,
however, most fats form glycerol and fatty acids. A fatty acid is a long, straight chain of carbon
If the carbon chain has its full number of hydrogen atoms, the fatty acid is saturated (examples
include butter and lard). If the carbon chain has less than its full number of hydrogen atoms due to
double bonds, the fatty acid is unsaturated (examples include margarine and vegetable
oils). Phospholipids, as the name suggests, contain phosphorus and often nitrogen in place of one
fatty acid chain. These are aligned side-by-side to form the cell membrane. Other lipids include
Insoluble in water
No ionic charges
of which utilizes alkali or enzymes called lipases. Alkaline hydrolysis is termed saponification
because one of the products of the hydrolysis is a soap, generally sodium or potassium salts of
fatty acids.
4. Halogenation -Unsaturated fatty acids, whether they are free or combined as esters in fats and
oils, react with halogens by addition at the double bond(s). The reaction results in the
5. Rancidity -The term rancid is applied to any fat or oil that develops a disagreeable odour.
Hydrolysis and oxidation reactions are responsible for causing rancidity. Oxidative rancidity
Fats and lipids are important because they serve as energy source, as well as a storage for energy
in the form of fat cells. They also have a major cellular function as structural components in cell
membranes. These membranes in association with carbohydrates and proteins regulate the flow of
water, ions, and other molecules into and out of the cells. Hormone steroids and prostaglandins are
chemical messengers between body tissues. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are lipid soluble and regulate
critical biological processes; other lipids add in vitamin absorption and transportation. Lipids act
as a shock absorber to protect vital organs and insulate the body from temperature extremes.
MEMBER’S: OCTOBER 3, 2019
APIN, NICOLE F.
DE GUZMAN, RUCHELLE C.
FERRER, KRISELDA C.
JARDINERO, BEVERLY F.
PINEDA, JERALDYN Q.
YCO, JHANITA N.
FAMILY OF ORGANIC
COMPOUND: LIPIDS