A

Seminar report
On
SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirnment of the award of

BACHLOR OF TECHNOLOGY
Degree in
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by

ARBAZ KHAN
Under guidance of

Mr. DHANANJAI SINGH

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

KAMLA NEHRU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SULTANPUR
(Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)
Sultanpur – 228118
[2018 - 2019]

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 Department of Electrical Engineering
Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur

Date:- April 27th ,2019

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Arbaz khan has successfully delivered a seminar on the topic “SMART
IRRIGATION SYSTEM” for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of
Technology degree in Electrical Engineering from Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University,
Lucknow.

SEMINAR IN-CHARGE SUPERVISOR

Mr. DHANANJAI SINGH Dr. S. M. TRIPATHI

Assistant professor

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Mr. Dhananjai Singh& my Seminar
In-Charge Dr. S. M. Tripathi for providing their invaluable guidance, comments and suggestions
throughout the course of the report. I would specially thank Dr. S. M. Tripathi for constantly
motivating me to work harder and get more information about the topic of the content during which
I learned many things.

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 CONTENT

I) Ackonowledgement- ………………………………………………………3

II) Abstract -…………………………………………………………………. 6

III) Introduction -………………………………………………………………7

IV) Proposed system………………………………………………………... 8

V) Component used……………………………………………………………9

VI) Microcontroller- ………………………………………………………… 9 - 10

VII) Arduinouno-……………………………………………………………. 13

VIII) Sensor & module- ………………………………………………………… 14 - 15

IX) Block diagram -…………………………………………………………… 16

X) Proposed algorthim -……………………………………………………….17

XI) Application -……………………………………………………………… 18

XII) Advantages - ……………………………………………………………… 18

XIII) Disadvantages- …………………………………………………………… 18

XIV) Conclusion -……………………………………………………………… 19

XV) Refrence ………………………………………………………………… 20

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 FIGURE INDEX
I) Transmitter ……………………………………………………….9

II) Reciever…………………………………………………………...9

III) Microcontroller and subunits……………………………………..10

IV) Pin diagram……………………………………………………….11

V) Arduinouno……………………………………………………….13

VI) Block diagram……………………………………………...…….16

VII) Algorithm……………………………………………………...….17

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 ABSTRACT
I used in the system a microcontroller based Arduino smart irrigation system.This

project is taken up as India is an agriculture oriented country and the rate at which
water resources are depleting is a dangerous threat hence there is a need of smart
and efficient way of irrigation. In this project we have implemented sensors which
detect the humidity in the soil (agricultural field) and supply water to the field which
has water requirement. The project is 8051 microcontroller based design which
controls the water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in
each field which are not activated till water is present on the field. Once the field
gets dry sensors sense the requirement of water in the field and send a signal to the
microcontroller. Microcontroller then supply water to that particular field which has
water requirement till the sensors is deactivated again. In case, when there are more
than one signal for water requirement then the microcontroller will prioritize the
first received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly. The development of the
automated irrigation system based on microcontrollers and wireless communication
at experimental scale within rural areas is presented. The aim of the implementation

was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can be used to reduce wateruse.

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 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the backbone of all developed countries. It uses 85% of available fresh water
resources worldwide and this percentage continues to be dominant in water consumption because
of population growth and increased food demand. Due to this, efficient water management is the
major concern in many cropping system in arid and semi-arid areas. An automated irrigation
system is needed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The need of automated irrigation
system is to overcome over irrigation and underirrigation.chemical which leads to water
pollution. Under irrigation leads to increased soil salinity with consequent buildup of toxic salts
on the soil surface in areas with high evaporation. To overcome these problems and to reduce the
man power smart irrigation system has been used. Agriculture is considered as the basis of life
for us as it is the main source of food and other raw materials. It plays vital role in the growth of
country’s economy. Growth in agricultural sector is necessary for the development of economic
condition of the country. Unfortunately, many farmers still use the traditional methods of
farming. In India most of the irrigation system are manually operated one’s. These outdated
techniques are replaced with automated techniques.

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Nowadays agricultural field is facing lot of problems due to lack of water resources. In order to
help the farmers to overcome the difficulties, smart irrigation system has been used. In this
system, various sensors such as pH, soil moisture, DHT11, PIR (intruder detecting system) and
pressure sensors are connected to the input pins of arduino microcontroller. The sensed values
from the sensors are displayed in LCD. If the sensed value goes beyond the threshold values set
in the program, the pump will be automatically switched ON/OFF by the relay circuit and it is
connected to thedriver circuit which helps to switch the voltage. The farmer will be intimated
about the current field condition through GSM module and also updated in the web page. By
using this system, the farmer can access the details about the condition of the field anywhere at
anytimeThissystem is a combination of hardware and software components. The hardware part
consists of different sensors like soil moisture sensor, photocell sensor, etc whereas the software
part consists of an android based application connected to the arduino board and other hardware
components using Internet of Things (IoT). The android based application consists of signals and
a database in which readings are displayed from sensors and are inserted using the hardware. The
improvement in irrigation system using wireless network is a solution to achieve water
conservation as well as improvement in irrigation process. This research tries to automate the
process of irrigation on the farmland by monitoring the soil water level of the soil relative to the
plant being cultivated and the adaptively sprinkling water to simulate the effect ofrainfall.

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 Component in system

a) Transmitter

Fig (1)

b) RECIRVER

fig (2)

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 MICRO CONTROLLER

A typical microcontroller device and its different subunitS

Fig (3)

Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like single chip computers
that are often embedded into other systems to function as processing/controlling unit. For
example, the remote control you are using probably has microcontrollers inside that do decoding
and other controlling functions. They are also used in automobiles, washing machines,
microwave.The key features of microcontrollers include:

High Integration ofFunctionality

Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have
on-chip memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to
function as small standalone computers without other supportingcircuitry.
Field Programmability,Flexibility
Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to
allow field programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is
tested to be correct then large quantities of microcontrollers can be
programmed to be used in embeddedsystems.

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 PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER

Fig(4)

Pin Description
GND- Ground.

Port 0 -Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL
inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs
Port 1- Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1
output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins,
they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs.

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12
ARDUINO UNO
The Microcontroller used here is an Arduino UNO. The UNO is a Microcontroller board based on ATMEGA
328P. The ATMEGA 328P has 32kB of flash memory for storing code. The board has 14 digital input and output
pins, 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz quartz crystal, USB, an ICSP circuit and a reset button. The UNO can be
programmed with the Arduino software

Fig(5)

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 SENSORS
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Soil Moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture content present in the soil. When the soil moisture value
read by the sensor is above the threshold value, low level (0V) will be the digital output and if it is below the
threshold level, high level (5V) will be the digital output. The digital pin is used to directly read current soil
moisture value to see if it is above threshold or not. The threshold voltage can be regulated with help of
potentiometer.

b) PH sensor
PH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of water solution which is determined by the relative number of
hydrogen (H+) or hydroxyl (OH-) ions present. The pH value (below 7) is said to be acidic and (above 7) is said
to be basic. The pH of a solution can change with temperaturerespectively

C) PRESSURE SENSOR
The differential Pressure transmitter is used for measuring trace of differential pressure, PCB will transduce it to
differential pressure signal thereby it can be used for weather forecasting .

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GSM MODULE
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is a standard developed by the
European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second-
generations (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. GSM describes a digital,
circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony and also expanded to
include data communications, packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio
Services). The longest distance the GSM specification supports in practical is 35
kilometers(22mi)

WI-FI MODULE
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a self - contained SOC (System on Chip) with integrated
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol stack that can give any
microcontroller access to any Wi- Fi network. Each ESP8266 module comes pre- programmed
meaning, it can be simply hooked up to Arduino device to get Wi-Fi ability. This module has a
powerful enough on-boarding process and high storage capacity that allows it to be integrated
with the sensors and other application specificdevices.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig (6)

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PROPOSED ALGORITHM

Fig (7)

Sprinkler Algorithm
The moisture sensor gives the water content level in the soil and sends it to the arduino. It will process this
data by comparing it with the threshold value if it is less than the predefined threshold value then start the
irrigation.
Reading<Threshold value  Start the irrigation System

Photocell Algorithm
Light is very important for the plants. Plants convert light energy into their own building material. The
photocell sensor measures the level of availability of the lights to the plants. Arduino compares the level of
light with the predefined threshold value if it is less than the threshold value then we can provide artificial
lights for the plants so that the plants can get appropriate level oflight.
Reading<Threshold value  Start the artificial light

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APPLICATION
1.Irrigation In Fields

2.Irrigation In Garden Parks

3.Very Efficient For Paddy Fields

4.Pisciculture

ADVANTAGES
 Automation eliminates the manual operation of opening or closingvalves.
Possibility to change frequency of irrigation and fertigation processes and to optimize these
processes.

Adoption of advanced crop systems and new technologies, especially new crop systems that are
complex and difficult to operatemanually.
 Use of water from different sources and increased efficiency in water and fertilizeruse.

 System can be operated at night, water loss from evaporation is thusminimized.

 Irrigation process starts and stops exactly when required, thus optimizing energy

requirements.

DISADVANTAGES

 The systems can be veryexpensive.

 Self-help compatibility is very low with big-scale systems, which are verycomplex.

 Most automated irrigation systems needelectricity.

 For crops like rice we cannot use this same project because of excess need of water. We

will use DTMF technique in the fields where large amount of water isneeded.

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 CONCLUSION
The main objective of this smart irrigation system is to make it more innovative, user
friendly, time saving and more efficient than the existing system. Measuring four parameters
such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH values and the system also includes
intruder detecting system. Due to server updates farmer can know about crop field nature at
anytime, anywhere.The smart irrigation system implemented is cost effective for optimizing
water resources for agricultural production. The proposed system can be used to switch
on/off the water sprinkler depending on the soil moisture levels thereby making the process
simpler to use. Through this project it can be concluded that there can be considerable
development in irrigation with those of IOT and automation. Thus this system is a solution to
the problems faced in the existing process ofirrigation
 REFRENCE
 “IJARCCE39 .docx” smart irrigation system using IOT,
ByArifgorimangleshsingh,Ojasthanawala .from Rizvi college of
Engineering Mumbai.
 “IRJET-V5 16379.DOCX” BY research scholar, school of science Shri
padmvatimahilavisvavidyalayam ,Andhra Pradesh,Asst.prof.,Dept.of CSE,
 R.Nandhini,S.Poovizhi,Priyankajose,Dr.S.Anila, Dept.of electronics and
communication Engg. SHRI.RAMKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY,COIMBATORE