AZAS TEKNIK KIMIA

Neraca Bahan Dalam Sistem Tanpa

& Dengan Reaksi
OLEH:
Kelompok X (Sepuluh)
Andre P. W (1304050 0)
!"r#" P"ul" S#hom$#n% (1304050 4)
P"n&# 'm$"r
(1304050 )
#" E#rene (1304050 *)
+r," Sep-#" "n (130405100)
S"l " /od u,-#"
(130405104)
S#-# !" ,"r"h
(13040510 )

Departemen Teknik Kimia

Fakultas T eknik
Universitas S u mater a Utara
Medan
 2014
Bab 2
Neraca Bahan Dalam Sistem Tanpa eaksi

2.8 A gas containing 79.1% N2, 1.7% O2, and 19.2% SO2 is mixed with another
containing 50% SO2, 6.5 % O2, and ! .!7% N2 to "rod#ce a "rod#ct gas
containing 21.!5% SO2, 2.05% O2, and 76.50% N2. A$$ com"ositions are in mo$
%. etermine&
'a()ow man* inde"endent stream +aria $es there are in the "ro $em.
' ( )ow man* materia$ a$ances can e written and how man* o- them wi$$ e
inde"endent.
'c( the ratio in which streams sho#$d e mixed.
So$#tion&
1 N2
2 O2
1 ! x1
3

SO2 /ixer
1
0,765
x1
(") 2er"&"- Ke$e$","n 2

0,791 2 x1
1. aria e$ e e asan 9

0,! !7
2.Neraca at
.S"esi-i
• 3om"osisi 6
• 4a # a$ir
• )# #ngan "em ant#
0 ($)Per,"m"
"n er" "1 !",," 2 3
1 2 3
•
: x 1
. N 6 x1 . N 7 x1 . N (1)
2 3
1 1 2 3
•
O : x2 . N 6 x2 . N 7 x2 . N ( )
1 2 3
1 2
•
SO :............................... x3 . N 6 x3 . N 7 x3 .

N 3 ........................................................(3)

( ) Per$"nd#n%"n "l#r"n "n% h"ru, d# "mpurk"n

 1 mol
L"n%k"h + : un"k"n $",#, N 7 1000 h
1 6 7 3 1000
6 7 3
• er" " komponen
1 2 3
1 2 3
x1 . N 6 x1 . N 7 x1 . N (1)
09 1.1000 6 09434 . N 2 7 09 5.(1000 6 )

1 6 09434 7 5 6 09 5
093303 7
7 *9 1
1000 6 7 3

1000 6 *9 1 7 3

10 *9 1 7 3

1
N 1000
",#o 7 N
2 7 78,71 7 1 9 04

8
2.12 he -eed to a disti$ation co$#mn contains 6% en ene 1 * weight,7 095 the
remainder eing to$#ene. he o+erhead disti$$ate is to contain 752%094* en ene *
weight , whi$e the ottoms are to contain 5% en ene * weight. a$c#$ate&
2
'a( he "ercentage o- the en ene -eed which is contained in the disti$ate.
' ( he "ercentage o- the tota$ -eed which $ea+es as disti$$ate.
81
11 7 1
093 1 7
09 4

3
83
13 7
0905 3 7
09 5
 a e$ era at 3e e asan &
:#m$ah aria e$ A$#r 6
;ersamaan Neraca S4 2
S"esi-i &
3om"osisi
4a # A$ir
)# #ngan ;em ant#
1
Basis 1
Dera"at Keb ebasan 0

<1 1000 $ m=h

Neraca T#tal & < 1 <2 > <
1000 <2 >< .......................................................................'1(
Neraca Ben$ena & <1 w11 <2 w12 > < w1
1000 '0, 6( <2'0,52( ><'0,05(.................................
'2(
Neraca % 2 & <1 w11 <2 w12 > < w1
1000 '0,6!( <2'0,!8( > <'0,95(...............................' (
S# tit#si "ers '1( dan "ers '2(
;ers '1( <2 1000 ? <
;ers '2( 1000 '0, 6( <2'0,52( > < '0,05(
/a a @ 60 '1000 ? < ('0,52( > < '0,05(
60 520 0,52 < > 0,05 <
160
< 0,47 = 340,43

Sehingga di"ero$eh&
<2 1000 ? <
1000 ? !0,! 659,57
a. ;ersentase en ena #m"an dengan *ang didisti$asi &
2
F w21 = (( 659,58 ))(0,52 )
1 x 100 = 9 5 , 27
1
F w1 ((1000 ))( 0,36 )

. ;ersen tota$ #m"an *ang didesti$asi &

 2
F = ((659,58 )
x 100 = 6 5 , 9 6
F
1
(( 1000 ))

2.17. A s$#rr* consisting o- 9a90 "reci"itate in a so$#tion o- NaO) and

)20 is washed with an e #a$ mass o- a di$#te so$#tion o- 5% 'wt(
NaO) in )20. he washed and sett$ed s$#rr* which is withdrawn -rom
the #nit contains 2 $ m o- so$#tion "er 1 $, o- so$id '9a90 (. he
c$ear so$#tion withdrawn -rom the #nit can e ass#mcd. to ha+e the same
concentration as the so$#tion withdrawn with the Bso$ids 'sec <ig#re
;2.17(. C- the -eed s$#rr* contains e #a$ mass -ractions o- a$$
D

9om"onents, ca$c#$ate the concentration o- the c$ear so$#tion.

;en*e$esaian &
<2 Eash so$#tion
2
x1
2
4 4
x1
!
 NaO) 5 %

<1 <eed S$#rr* <!

1
x1 1 $ear so$#tion

1
x2
Eash S$#rr*
<
3
x1
3eterangan& 3
x2
NaO) 1
a O 2
)2O

a e$ era at 3e e asan &

1. aria e$ e e asan 10
2.Neraca at
.S"esi-i
• 3om"osisi
• 4a # a$ir 0
• )# #ngan "em ant#
1
• Fasis 1
0
H u $ u n % " n Pem$ "n -u:
 1. 8 1 7 8 7 1000 l$m; &"m . W3 <"<O3 : (W3 " O H 6 W3
H O ) 7 1:
81 6 8 7 83 6 84 m"k" W3 <"<O3 7 1;3.100=
7 09333 l$m
100061000 7 83 6 84 (W3 "OH 6 W3 H O ) 7
;3.100= 7 09
l$m 0 0 0 7 8 3 6 8 4 !"k" W 3 "OH 7 0 9 .W 4
>>1)
"OH
84 7 000 ?1000 7 1000 l$m;&"m

( O +NaOH
massa
massaH
massa NaOH ) ( massaNaOH )
3. 2
7 massa total @

O +massa NaOH
massatotal )
( massaH
2

( F
3
FO
3

+F3
NaOH ) ( ) (7
F
3
NaOH
3
F
3
OF

+F
3

3
NaOH
)
H2 NaOH F H2

W W
¿ ¿
¿3 ¿3
¿ ¿
NaOH
(¿ H 2 O+W 3¿ X F3 ¿¿¿ ) 7
( W
3
NaOH
3
XF
3
) NaOH
(¿ H 2 O+W 3¿ X F3 ¿¿ ¿)
¿¿ F
¿¿
3 3
3
W NaOH XF F
¿¿ ¿¿

(
O +NaOH
massa
massaH
massa NaOH
2
) 7
( w
3

1− w 3
NaOH )
Ca CO 3
 3

( w NaOH

1 − 0 , 333 ) 7 W
4
NaOH

Spe,#Bk",#:
P"d" ",h ,olu-#on9 "OH 7 5 =
P"d" Ceed ,lurr kompo,#,# d"r# ke-#%" komponen ,"m" "#-u
m",#n% D m",#n% komponen 7 1;3 l$m
•
er" " Komponen <"<O 3
W 1 < " < O 3. 8 1 6 W < " < O 3. 8 7 W 3 < " < O 3. 8 3 6 W 4 < " < O 3. 8 4
1;3.1000 6 0 7 W3 <"<O3.83 60
W 3 < " < O 3. 8 3 7 1000;3 7 33393 l$m
09333 l$m.8 3 7 33393 l$m
83 7 33393 ;09333 7 1000 l$m;&"m

•
er" " Komponen "OH
W1 "OH.8 1 6 W "OH.8 7 W3 "OH.8 3 6 W4 "OH.84
1
3 .1000 6 5=.1000 7 W3 " OH.1000 6 W4

"OH.1000
1
3 6 0905 7 W3 "OH 6 W4 "OH

093*3 7 09 .W 4 "OH 6 W 4 "OH

W4 "OH 7 093*3;19
W4 "OH 7 09 3 l$m
!"k" W4 H O 7 1?09 3 7 09 l$m

er" " Komponen H O

•

W 1 H O.8 1 6 W H O.8 7 W 3 H O.8 3 6 W 4 H O.8 4

1000.1;3 6 1000.09 5 7 1000.W 3 H O 6 1000.(1?09 3)
19 *3 7 W3 H O 609
W3 H O 7 19 *3 D 09
W3 H O 7 09513
 !"k" W 3 "OH 7 1?09513?0933 7 0915 l$m

2.21

A s$#rr* consisting o- iO2 "reci"itate in a sa$t water so$#tion is to e washed in three

stages as shown in the -$owsheet o- -ig#re ;2.21. C- the -eed s$#rr* consists o- 1000
$ m=h o- 20% iO2 , 0% sa$t and the rest water, ca$c#$ate the wash water rate to each
stage. Ass#me that &
a. 80% o- the sa$t -ed to each stage $ea+es in the waste so$#tion
. he stages are o"erated so that the s$#rr* $ea+ing contains one third so$ids
c. Cn each stage, the sa$t concentration in its waste so$#tion is the same as the sa$t
concentration o- the so$#tion entrained with the s$#rr* $ea+ing that stage.

;en*e$esaian &
)# #ngan "em ant#&
•
<8. E28 0,8 <1.E21
•
<7. E27 0,8 <9. E29
•
<6. E26 0,8 <10. E210
•
E19 1=
•
E110 1=
•
E15 1=
•
E 28 E 29
•
E 27 E 210
•
E 26 E 25

a e$ era at 3e e asan
Gnit 1 Gnit 2 Gnit ;roses Overall
aria e$ a$#r a$ir 9 9 9 21 15
Neraca S4 9
S"esi-i asi&
3om"osisi 2 0 0 2 2
4a # A$ir 1 0 0 1 1
)# . ;em ant# ! ! 9
ota$ 9 7 7 21 9
3 0 2 2 0 6

• 4ang ah C, se$esai an #nit C

< <1 > <2 <8 > <9
1000 > <2 <8 > <9
S e n & a' a T i % 2 p ad a unit (
iO2 E11<1 E19 . <9 200 E19 . <9
200 1= . <9
<9 600
S e n & a' a Salt p ad a unit (
E 21< 1 E 28 < 8 > E 29 < 9
00 E28 <8 > E29 <9 E28 <8 0,8 E21 <1
00 0,8 E21 <1 > E29
<9 00 2!0 > 600 E29
600 E29 60
E29 0,1

S e n & a ' a )2% p a d a unit (

E 1<1 > E 2 <2 E 8 <8 > E 9 <9
500 > E 2 <2 E 8 <8 > E 9 <9 E9 1 0,1 0,
0,9 <8 > 0,567. 600 0,567
500 > <2 !0,2 > 0,9 <8
0,9 <8 <2 159,8
<2 0,9 <8 ? 159,8

/as# an ni$ai <2 em a$i e "ersamaan awa$ ahwa &

1000 > <2 <8 > 600
1000 > 0,9 <8 ? 159,8 <8 > 600
1000 ? 159,8 ? 600 <8 0,9 <8
 Gnit 1 Gnit 2
2!0,2 0,1 <8
aria e$ a$#r a$ir 9 9
<8 2!02
Neraca S4
/a a, ni$ai <2&
S"esi-i asi&
3om"osisi 2 2 <2 <8 > <9 ? <1
0 2!02 > 600 ? 1000
4a # A$ir 1
<2 2002
)# . ;em ant# !
Sete$ah men*e$esai an a$#r <2 ma a
ota$ 9 7
+aria e$ a$#r dan dera at e e asan
3 0 2
#ga er# ah men adi eri #t &

3arena ni$ai <2 dan <8 s#dah dida"at, ma a dida"at "ertam ahan aria e$ tota$
dimana "ada #nit CC 3 men adi 0 arena adan*a "ertam ahan +aria e$
om"osisi. /a a ita da"at me*e$esai an "ersamaan "ada #nit
CC ;enent#an "ersamaan sen*awa dan $a # a$ir "ada #nit CC *ait# &
imana,
< <9 > < <7 > <10
600 > < <7 > <10

S en & a' a T i % 2 p ad a unit ((

iO2 E19<9 E110 . <10 1= . 600 E110 . <10
1= . 600 1= . <10
<10 600

S e n & a' a Salt p ad a unit ((

E 29 < 9 E 27 < 7 > E 210 < 10
0,1.600 E27 <7 > E210 <10 E27 <7 0,8 <9 E29
60 0,8 <9 E29 > E210 <10
60 0,8. 600. 0,1 > E210 <10
60 !8 > E210 <10
60 !8 > E210 . 600
60 !8 E210 . 600
12 E210 . 600
12 E27. 600 E 27 E 210
E27 0,02

S e n & a ' a ) 2 % p a d a u n i t ((
E 9 <9 > E < E 7 <7 > E 10 <10
0,567. 600 > E < E 7 <7 > E 10 <10 E7 1 0,02
0,98
!0,2 > E < 0,98 <7 > 90 E 10 1 0,22 0,

Gnit 1 Gnit 2 Gnit 0,65

aria e$ a$#r a$ir 9 9 9 0,9 <7 ? < !9,8
Neraca S4 < 0,98 <7 ?
S"esi-i asi& !9,8
3om"osisi 2 2 2
4a # A$ir 1 0 0 S# sit#si an e
)# . ! ! "ersamaan awa$ &
;em ant# 9 9 9 600 > < <7 > <10
ota$
3 0 0 0 600 > 0,98 <7 ? !9,8 <7
> 600
600 ? !9,8 ? 600 <7 0,98 <7
!9,8 0,02 <7
<7 2!90
/a a s# sit#si an e "ersamaan #t menda"at ni$ai
<< <7 > <10 <9
2!90 > 600 ? 600
2!90
Sete$ah men*e$esai an a$#r < ma a +aria e$ a$#r dan dera at e e asan #ga er# ah
men adi eri #t &

3arena ni$ai < dan <7 s#dah dida"at, ma a dida"at "ertam ahan aria e$ tota$
dimana "ada #nit CCC 3 men adi 0 arena adan*a "ertam ahan +aria e$
om"osisi. /a a ita da"at me*e$esai an "ersamaan "ada #nit
CCC ;enent#an "ersamaan sen*awa dan $a # a$ir "ada #nit CCC *ait# &
imana,
< <10 > <! <6 > <5
600 > <! <6 > <5

S e n & a' a T i % 2 p ad a unit (((

iO2 E110<10 E15 . <5 1= . 600 E15 . <5
1= . 600 1= . <5
<5 600
S e n & a ' a Salt p a d a unit (((
E 210 < 10 E 26 < 6 > E 25 < 5 E 210 E 27
0,02.600 E26 <6 > E25 <5 E27 <7 0,8 <10 E210
12 0,8 <10 E210 > E25 <5
12 0,8. 600. 0,02 > E25 <5
12 9,6 > E25 <5
12 9,6 > E25 . 600
9,6 > E25 . 600 12
600 E25 12 9,6
E25 2,! = 600
E25 0,00!

S e n & a ' a ) 2 % p a d a u n i t (((

E 10 <10 > E ! <! E 6 <6 > E 5 <5 E 10 1 0,22 0,
0,65
0,65. 600 > E ! <! E 6 <6 > E 5 <5 E6 1 0,00!
0,996
90 > E ! <! 0,996 <6 > 0,666 . 600 E 5 1 0,00! 0,
0,666
90 > E ! <! 0,996 <6 >
99,6 90 > <! 0,996 <6 > 99,6
0,996 <6 ? <! 9,6
<! 0,996 <6 ? 9,6

S# sit#si an e "ersamaan awa$ &

600 > <! <6 > <5
600 > 0,996 <6 ? 9,6 <6 > 600
600 ? 9,6 ? 600 <6 0,996 <6
9,6 0,00! <6
<6 9,6 = 0,00!
<6 2!00
/a a s# sit#si an e "ersamaan #t menda"at ni$ai <! &
<! <6 > <5 <10
2!00 > 600 ? 600
<! 2!00
2.29 Oi$seed "rotein so#rce inc$#de so* ean, cottonseed, "ean#t, s#n-$ower, co"ra,
ra"eseed, sesame, sa--$ower, castor and -$ax. ommon$*, the se"aration o- the
oi$ -rom the "rotein mea$ is "er-ormed * so$+ent extraction. he ana$*sis o-
cotton is !% h#$$, 10% $inter, 7% mea$, and !9% oi$. #ring the extraction
ste", 2 $ m so$+ent, hexane, m#st e #sed "er 1 $ m c$ean seeds "rocessed. <or
each ton o- raw seeds to e "rocessed, determine the amo#nt o- oi$ and oi$ -ree
mea$ "rod#ced.
;en*e$esaian&

KE :
H7 Hull
L7 L#n-er
!7 !e"l
O7 O#l
S 7 Sol Fe n -

!"!ngan pem"ant!#
8
F 7+ F
7 =2
F
 a e$ era at 3e e asan
Seed
So$+en So$+en
$earnin ;roses Overall
Hxtraction Ieco+er*
g
aria e$a$#ra$ir 8 8 ! 15 10
Neraca S4 ! 2 9 5
S"esi-i asi&
3om"osisi 1 0 ! !
4a #A$ir 1 0 0 1 1
)# . ;em ant# 1 0 1 0
ota$ 8 5 2 15 10
3 0 2 0 0

L"n%k"h + : Ker&"k"n un#- Seed <le"rn#n%

'n#-: S e e d < l e " r n # n %

•
Seh#n%%" d#peroleh
H 8 7 40

$ 2 7 (40;140) 7 % 2'(

L 8 7 100
L 7 (100;140) ) % *1+

W 3! 8 3 7 3 0
$2, 7 (3 0;* 0) ) % +3

- 3. 7 1? 3! 7 1? 09437 % /*

2"r# OFer "ll (ke,eluruh"n)

d#peroleh
3.1 A e-"ldeh de9 <H3<HO9 "n $e produ ed $ "-"l -#
deh dro%en"-#on oC e-h"nol9 < H5OH9 F#" -he re" -#on
< H5OH <H3<HO 6H
here #,9 ho eFer9 " p"r"llel re" -#on produ #n% e-h l " e-"-e9
<H3<OO< H5
< H 5OH <H 3 <OO< H 5 6 H
Suppo,e -h"- #n " %#Fen re" -or -he ond#-#on, "re "d&u,-ed ,o
-h"- " onFer,#on oC 5= e-h"nol #, o$-"#ned #-h "n *0=
#eld oC " e-"ldeh de.
<"l ul"-e -he ompo,#-#on oC -he re" -or produ - ",,um#n%
-he Ceed on,#,-, oC pure e-h"nol.
Pen ele,"#"n
< H 5O H < H 3< H O 6 H G r1
< H 5OH <H 3 <OO< H 5 6 H Gr
Ke-er"n%"n:
< H 5O H 7 1
<H 3 <HO 7
H 7 3
<H3<OO< H5 7 4

1 1
11 Reakt0r
3
4
X1 7 5=

"$el 2er"&"- Ke$e$","n

1. aria e$ e e asan 7
2.Neraca at !
.S"esi-i
• 3om"osisi 0
• 4a # a$ir 0
• )# #ngan "em ant# 2
1
• Fasis 1
0

er" "!",," :
1 7 1 7 11 ? r1 D r
7 7 1 6 r1
37 3 7 31 6 r16 r
4 7 4 7 41 6 r

I",#, 7 1 7 1000 mol;h

 N 1−¿ N 1 21

X1 7 09 5 7 X1 7 N11
¿

1 ( 1000 )− N
2
1

09 5 7 1(1000 )

2
N1 50 mol/ h
7

A%"r d"p"- d#peroleh <H 3 <HO ( N 2 Max )9 m"k" "n%%"p -#d"k "d"

< H 3< O O < H 5 ( N4 ) "n% d#h",#lk"n d# produk.

2 1
N4 N4 r2
er" " 4 7 7 6

0 7 0 6 r2

r2 7 0

2 1 r
N1 N1 r2
er" " 1 7 7 ? 1 ?
r
50 1000 2(0)
7 ? 1 ?

r1 7 95 0 m o l /h

r
950 mol / h
1 7 ,u$-#-u,# ke er" "
2 1
N2 N2 r1
er" " 7 7 6

7 0 6 950
2
950 mol / h N 2 max
7 77

N 22= N 2 + R2
1
 50 7 0 6 R2
R
950 mol /h
2 7

Hu$un%"n #eld9
R
2
Y2 =
R 2 max

2 − N 12
Y2 = N 2
R 2 max

2−0
0,8 = N 2
95 0

N 2 = 760 mol
2

2 1
N2 N2 r1
er" " 7 7 6

0 7 0 6 r1

r1 7 7 6 0 mo l /h

2 1 r
N1 N1 2 r2
er" " 1 7 7 ? 1 ?

50 7 1000 ? 0 ? 2 r2

r2 7 9 5 m o l /h

2 1 r
N3 N3 2 r2
er" " 3 7 7 6 1 6

7 0 6 06 ( 5)

7 9 5 0 m o l /h

2 1
N4 N4 r2
er" " 4 7 7 6
 7 0 6 5

7 9 5 m o l /h

!"k"9l"&u "l#r mol d# ou-pu- re"k-or "d"l"h

N 1 +N 22+ N 23+ N 4
2 2 2
N 7

7 50+ 760+ 950+ 95

7 1*55 mol;h
 .22 )*drodea$ *$ation is a "rocess in which side chains, consisting o- a$ *$ gro#"s,
are remo+ed -rom aromatics * reactions with h*drogen to -orm the "arent
aromatic com"o#nd. <or instance, to$#ene can e con+erted to en ene&
)
6 5 ) > )2 ) >
6 6 )!
J*$ene can e con+erted to to$#ene&
) ' ) (2 > )2
6 ! )
6 5 ) > )!
;se#doc#mene and other 9 )*drocar ons containing three ) gro#"s can e
con+erted to x*$enes&
) ' ) ( > )2
6 ) ' ) (2 > )!
6 !

Cn a gi+en a""$ication, a re-iner* re-ormate stream consisting o- 5 % en ene,

20% to$#ene, 5% x*$ene, and !0% 9 )*drocar ons is reacted with h*drogen.
C- 5 mo$ )2 is #sed "er 1 mo$ -eed, 80% con+ersion o- to$#ene, 7!%
con+ersion o- x*$ene, and 70% con+ersion o- 9 )*drocar ons are
attained. he "rod#cts stream is -o#nd to contain a sma$$ amo#nt, 0,1% o-
*"hen*$, indicating that the side reaction
2 )
6 6 )
6 5 ) > )2
6 5

Occ#rs to some extent. a$c#$ate the com"$ete com"osition o- the reactor o#t$et
stream.
*en&elesaian+
6 5 ) ) > )2 ) >
6 6 )! @ r1
6 ! ) ' ) (2 > )2 )
6 5 ) > )! @ r2
) ' ) ( > )2
6 ) ' ) (2 > )!
6 ! @r
2 6 6 ) )
6 5 ) > )2
6 5 @ r!
3eterangan
1 en ene 5 )*drogen
2 to$#ene 6 *"hen*$
x*$ene 7 )!
! 9 )*drocar ons
 N 1 J 51
1

Iea tor
2

N2 N J KL
J12 0,05 N J2 KL
J22 0,20 N J! KL
J2 0, 5 N J5 KL
J!2 0,!0 J6 0,001
N J7 KL
)ubun,an*embantu+
:i a 5 mo$ )2 dig#na an= 1 mo$ #m"an
I1 N1 J51 5
N2

I J 0,7!
I2 J2 0,80
I! J! 0,70

Dera"atKebebasan

1. aria e$ e e asan 12>!

2.Neraca at 7
.S"esi-i
• 3om"osisi !
• 4a # a$ir 0
• )# #ngan "em ant# !
1
• Fasis 1
0
mol
Fasis N2 1000 h

N2 J12 1000. 0,05 50

N2 J22 1000. 0,20
200
N2 J 2 1000. 0, 5 50
N2 J! 2 100. 0,!0 !00
ari h# #ngan "em ant# dida"at an&
N1 J51 5
N2
N1 J51 5 . N2 5. 1000 5000
N J2 200 '1 0,8( !0 N J2 N2 J22 '1 J2(
N J 50 '1 0,7!( 91 N J N2 J 2 '1 J (
N J! !00 '1 0,70( 120 N2 J! N2 J! 2 '1 J!(
o$#ena N J2 N2 J22 ? r1 > r2
!0 2 0 0 ? r 1 > r 2K K K K K K K ' 1 (
J*$en N J N2 J 2 ? r2 > r
91 5 0 ? r 2 > r KKKKKKKK'2(

9 )*drocar ons N J! N2 J! 2 ? r
120 !00 ? r
r 280
/a a, da"at dimas# an e"ersamaan '2( men adi&
91 50 ? r2 > r
91 50 ? r2 > 280
r2 50 > 280 ? 91 5 9
dari hasi$ *ang dida"at dimas# an e "ersamaan '1( men adi &
!0 200 ? r1 > r2
!0 200 ? r1 > 5 9
r1 200 > 5 9 ? !0 699

)! N J7 r1 > r2 > r
280 > 5 9>
699 1518

)
6 6 N J1 50 > r1 2r!
N J1 50 > 699 2r!
N J1 7!9 2r!KKKKK..' (
N J5 500 ? r1 ? r2 ? r > r!
5000 ? 699 ? 5 9 ? 280 > r!
 ! 8 2 > r !K K K K K K K K . ' ! (
N1 > N2 5000 > 1000
6000
3 3

:adi, N6 N❑ . Ntota$

0,001 . 6000
6
3

•
N 1 7 4 D (r4

¿ 4 D ( )

7 7
3

•
N 5 7 34* 6 r4
7 34* 6
7 34**
!"k"9
") IenJene: 3 X13 7 3
737
X33 7 6000 7 091 *

$) oluen": 3 X 3 7 40

40
J2 6000 0,00667

) X len": 3 X33 7 1
91
X33 7 6000 7 09015

d) H#drok"r$on: 3 X43 7 1 0
120
X43 7 6000 7 090

e) H : 3 X 53 7 34**
3488
X53 7 6000 7 095*13

C) <H 4 : 3 X 3 7 151*
1518
X 3 7 6000 7 09 53
 .28 ;rod#ct ; is "rod#ced -rom reactant I according the reaction
2I M; > E
Eith side reactions
I MF > E
; M2F > E
On$* 50% con+ersion o- I is achie+ed in the reactor '<ig#re ; .28( when a
-resh -eed containing 1 mo$ inert 1 "er 11 mo$ I is #sed. he #nreacted I and
inerts are se"arated -rom the reactor "rod#cts and rec*c$ed. Some o- the
#nreacted I and inert are "#rged to $imit the inerts $e+e$ in the com ined

7
Iec*c$e
;#rged
I
2 6 C

1 !

I I I
Se"erator
C C 12% ;21%
E
F 7% 5

;
C
F

E
Ieactor -eed to 12 mo$ %. C- the reactor o#t$et stream ana$* es 21% ; and 7% F@ on a
mo$ar asis, ca$c#$ate a$$ -$ows in the "rocess -or a -resh -eed rate o- 100mo$=h.
;en*e$asaian&
N R 1 : N I= 11:1

3om"onen Iea si 1 Iea si 2 Iea si

I 2 1 0
; 1 0 1
F 0 1 2
E 1 1 1

2 1 0 I
1 0 1 ;
0 1 2 F
1 1 1 E
aha" C & H$emen "ada o$om "ertama di agi dengan e$emen o$om "ertama *ang
"a$ing atas.
1 1 0 I
1=2 0 1 ;
0 1 2 F
1=2 1 1 E

)asi$n*a di #m$ah an dengan e$emen "ada o$om 2 sehingga e$emen "a$ing atas
o$om 2 erni$ai 0.
1 0 0 I
1=2 1=2 1 ;
0 1 2 F
1=2 1=2 1 E

Agar ni$ai e$emen o$om etiga erni$ai 0, ma a o$om ed#a di a$i dengan 2 dan
di #m$ah an dengan o$om
1 0 0 I 1 0 0 I
1=2 1 1 ; 1=2 1 0 ;
0 2 2 F 0 2 0 F
1=2 1 1 E 1=2 1 0 E
Agar aris ed#a "ada o$om 1 erni$ai 0, ma a o$om 1 di a$i dengan 2
dan hasi$n*a di #m$ah an dengan o$om
2 0 0 I 2 0 0 I
1 1 0 ; 0 1 0 ;
0 2 0 F 2 2 0 F
1 1 0 E 2 1 0 E

3o$om "ertama disederhana an dengan di agi dengan 2

1 0 0 I
0 1 0 ;
1 2 0 F
1 1 0 E
/a a terda"at 2 "ersamaan rea si *ang S4, *ait#&
F > E M I
2F >E M I

/ixe Iea to Se"erato S"$itte ;rose 3ese$#r#ha

r r r r s n
aria e$a$#ra$ir 6 9 10 6 20 9
;eneracaan
2 5 5 2 1! 5
S4
S"esi-i a 3om"osi
1 2 0 0
si si
4a #A$ir 1 0 0 0 0 0
)# .
;em ant Iasio 1 0 0 0 1 1
#
3on+ersi 0 1 0 0 1 0
3enda$a
0 0 0 1 1 1
;em agi
ota$ 5 9 7 20 7
era at 3e e asan 1 0 0 2
 •
e"k-or
3100mol; &"m
2"r# hu$un%"n konFer,#:
X 7 50= 7 095
4
N R = N 3R ( 1 − 0,5 )
4
N R = 0,88 ∗ 100 09,50
7 44mol;&"m4
Pener" ""n: NR =N 3R +r1 >>>>>>>.(1)
4

P N p= N 3p +r2 >>>>>>>.( )
4

N p= r 2
4

I N B = N B3 − r 1 − 2 r 2
4

NB=−r1−2 r2 >>>>>>(3)
4

W NW=N W3 − r1− r2
4

N W = − r1− r2
4

+ N I = N I3
4 3
N I = X 3I ∙ N
¿ 0,12 ∙ 100

¿ 12 mol
jam

2"r# per,"m""n 19 9 39 d"n 4.

4
NR = N3R + r 1
4 3
N R = X 3R ∙ N + r 1
44 = 0,88 ∙ 100 + r 1
=− 44 mol
r1 jam
4 4
4
N p= r 2 X P ∙ N =r2
r
4
0,21 N 4 =r 2 N =
2
>>..(5)
0,21
4 4
NB = − r 1 − 2 r 2 XB∙ N = − r1− 2 r2
4
 0,07 N4 =−r1−2 r2 >>>>>>>>>>.( )

N W = − r 2 −r2 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

( )

Su$,. Per,"m""n 5 ke per,"m""n

0,07 r 1 − 2r
0,2 1 = − r
2

0,07 r 2
0,21 = 4 4 − 2 r

= 18,857 mol
r2 jam

4 = r 2 = 18,857 mo l
NP jam

2"r# per,"m""n 3

4
NB = − r 1 − 2 r 2

N B4 = 44− 2 (18,857 )

¿ 6,285 mol
jam

2"r# per,"m""n 4
 4

N W = − r1− r2

¿ 44 − 18,857 = 25,143 mol

jam

N4 =NR4 +N I4 +N 4P+N B4 +N W4

¿ 44 + 12 + 18,857 + 6,285 + 25,143

¿ 106,285 mol
jam

4
= NR = 4 4
4

!"k"G XR 4 106,285 = 0,4139

N

4
4 = NI = 12
XI 4 106,285 = 0,1129
N

4
4 = NP = 18,857
XP 4 106,285 = 0,177
N

4
= NB = 6,285
4
XB 4 106,285 = 0,0591
N

4
4 = NW4 = 25,143
XW 106,285 = 0,23
N
2"r# #nCorm",# "n% d#d"p"-k"n9 "k"n d#peroleh -"$el der"&"- ke$e$","n
/ixe Iea to Se"erato S"$itte ;rose 3ese$#r#ha
r r r r s n
aria e$a$#ra$ir 6 9 10 6 20 9
;eneracaan
2 5 5 2 1! 5
S4
S"esi-i a 3om"osi
1 ! 0 0
si si
4a #A$ir 0 0 1 0 0 0
)# .
;em ant Iasio 1 0 0 0 1 1
#
3on+ersi 0 1 0 0 1 0
3enda$a
0 0 0 1 1 1
;em agi
ota$ ! 9 10 20 7
era at3e e asan 2 0 0 0 2
•
Seper"-or

Neraca ota$& ∑ masuk =∑ keluar

N4 =N5 +N6

Neraca ;& N P =NP5

4
X P ∙ N 4 = NP5

NP
5
= 0,117 ∙ 106,288 = 18,813 mol
jam

W: N W =N W5

5
4
N W= XW4 ∙ N
/a a, awa ann*a ia$ah

N 1 = 71,6265 mol
jam

2
1
= 66 mol 1
= 6 mol N = 106,288 mol
4
X R= XR7 = X 6 R = 0,7753
NR jam NI jam jam

2
4
= 12 mol X I = XI7= XI6=0,2114
NI jam

4
= 44 mol 4
NR jam X I = 0 ,112 9

4
4
= 6,285 mol X R = 0,4139
NB jam

4
4
= 18,857 mol X P = 0,177
Np jam

4
4
= 25,143 mol X B = 0,0591
NW jam

5
= 18,813 mol 4
NP jam XW = 0 , 2 3

5
= 24,446 mol
NW jam

5
= 6,2816 mol
NB jam

N 6 = 56,747 mol
jam

N 2 = N 7 = 28,3735 mol
jam

3
= 88 mol
NR jam
 3
= 12 mol
NI jam

.29 /ost modern "roccess -rom "rod#ction o- nitrid acid are ased on the
se #entia$ oxidation o- ammonia to oxides o- nitrogen -o$$owed * a sor"tion
o- these intermediate in water. Cn the -$owsheet shown on -ig#re ; .29,
ammonia and air are mixed in 1&10 mo$ar ratio and reacted cata$*tica$$* in the
-irst reactor stage. he two reaction are the main reaction occ#ring are the main
reaction
• ! N) > 5 O2 ! NO > 6 )2O

• 2 N) > =2 O2 N2 > )2O

• NO > O2 NO2

• 2 NO2 > O2 > )2O 2)NO

he waste gas -rom the "roccess contains % NO2, and a o#t 10% )2O. he
air com"osition ma* e ta en as 21% O2, and 79% N2. Ass#ming a$$
com"osition are in mo$ %, ca$c#$ate the com"osition o- a$$ streams in the
"roccess.

a e$ era at e e asan

Iea to
Iea tor 2 Adsor er ;roses Overall
r1
aria e$ a$#r a$ir 7 > 2 8 > 1 11 > 1 18 > ! 10 > !
Neraca S4 5 5 5 15 7
S"esi-i asi&
3om"osisi 1 0 ! !
4a #A$ir 0 0 0 0 0
)# . ;em ant#
I1 1 0 0 1 1
I2 1 0 0 1 0
ota$ 8 5 8 21 12
3 1 ! ! 1 2
4ang ah C, hit#ng Iea tor C
;ersamaan neraca -.KT% ( +
Fasis N1 1000 mo$= am ata# N1 N)
ari h# #ngan "em ant#
•

N2 10 N1

N2 10 '1000(
10.000 mo$= am
ari h# #ngan "em ant#
•

•
N NO 0,95 N1

0,95
'1000( 950
mo$= am
Neraca N%
•

N %UT N % / N inN% > !r 1

950 0 > !r1
r1 2 7,5 mo$= am
Neraca N 3
•

N %UTN)! / NinN)! !r1 ? 2r2

0 1000 ? !'2 7,5( ? 2r2
r2 25 mo$= am
Neraca % 2
•

N%UT%2 / Nin%2 5r1 ? =2 r2

0,21 '10000( ? 5'2 7,5( ? =2
'25( 875 mo$= am
Nerac a ) 2 %
•

N%UT)2% / Nin)2% > 6r1 > r2

0 > 6 '2 7,5( >
'25( 1500 mo$= am
Neraca N 2
•

N%UTN2 / N inN2 > r 2

0,79 '10.000( >
25 7925 mo$= am
adi N!
• N O2 > N )2O > N NO > N N2
 875 > 1500 > 950 >
7925 11.250 mo$= am

an,kah (( hitun, -.KT% ((

Neraca N%
•

N #utN% / NinN% ? r
0 950 ? r
r 950 mo$= am

Neraca % 2
•

N#ut%2 / Nin%2 ? r
0 875 ?
'950( !00
mo$= am

Neraca N 2
•

N #utN2 / N inN2 > 0

7925 mo$= am
Neraca N% 2
•

N #utN%2 / NinN%2 > r

0 > 950
950 mo$= am
Nerac a ) 2 %
•

N #u t) 2% / N in)2 % > 0
1500 > 0
1500 mo$= am
adi N4
• N !NO2 > N !O2 > N !)2O > N !N2

950 > !00 > 1500 >

7925 10775 mo$= am

Setelah itu hitun,

Neraca % 2alur %verall 31 2 5 67 (n / 1 2 %ut / 5 6
• 8 8 8 8 8 8 317

N o#t NinO2 ? 5r1 ? =2 r2 ? r ? r!

J6O2 J2O2 N2 ? 5r1 ? =2 r2 ? r ? r!
0,21 '10.000( ? 5 '2 7,5( ? =2 '25( ? '950( ? r !
!00 ? r!
Neraca N 2
• 8 8 8 8 8 8 327
 N o#t NinN2 > r2
J 2N2 N 6 J2N2 .N2 > r2
'1 ? 0,005 . 0,1 ? JO26(N6 0,79 '10.000( > 25
'0,895 ? JO26(N6 7925

• Neraca )2O . . . . . . ' (

N o#t)2O Nin)2O > 6r1 > r2 ? r!

J7)2O N7 > J6)2O N6 J)2O5 > 6r1 > r2 ? r!
0,! N7 > 0,1 N6 1 'N5( > 6'2 7,5( > '25( ? r!
0,! N7 > 0,1 N N5 > 1500 ? r!
• Neraca NO 2 . . . . . . '!(

N o#tNO2 NinNO2 > r ? 2r!

J 6NO2 N 6 0 > r ? 2r!
0,005 N6 950 ? 2r!

Neraca )NO . . . . . . '5(

•

N o#t)NO Nin)NO > 2r!

J 7)NO N 7 0 > 2r!
0,6 N7 2r!
H$iminasi neraca O2 dengan N2 . . . . . . . .'6(
J 6O2 N 6 !00 ? r! MMJ6O2 N6 !00 ? r!
'0,895 J6O2(N6 7925 MM '0,895 J6O2(N6 7925
>
0,895 N6 8 25 ? r!

H$iminasi neraca !dengan 6

0,005 N6 950 ? 2 r! MM0,00125 N6 2 7,5 ? r!
MM'0,895 J6O2(N6 8 25 ? r!
>
0,89 75 N6 8087,5
N6 90!8,95mo$= am
•

Neraca N2 MM '0,895 ? JO26( . '90!8,95( 7925

J O26

Neraca NO 2 0,0192

•
MM 0,005 '90!8,95( 950 ? 2r!

2r! 90!,755
Neraca )NO MM 0,6 N7 r! !52, 7

• 2 '!52, 7(

N7 1507,92
 •
Neraca )2O MM 0,! '1507,92( > 0,1 '90!8,95( N5>1500 ?
!52, 7

60 ,17 > 90!,895 N5 >

10!7,6 N 5 !60,! 5

. 2 Hth*$ene oxide is made * the "artia$ oxidation o- eth*$ene with ox*gen #sing
a si$+er cata$*st&
2 2 )! > O2 P 2 2 ) !O

An #ndesira $e side reaction a$so occ#rs&

) > O 2 P 2 O 2 > 2) 2O
2 !

Eith a reactor in$et com"osition o- 10% 2)!, 11% O2, 1% O2, and the rest
N2 inert di$#te, 25% con+ersion is o ser+ed and the reactor o#t$et stream is
-o#nd to contain 2 mo$ O2 "er 1 mo$ )2O. he eth*$ene oxide is remo+ed
-rom the stream $ea+ing the reactor * means o- an a sor er. he o+erhead
gases -rom the a sor er are -o#nd to contain 6 mo$ 2)! "er 1 mo$ O2.
he 2)!O containing $i #id '!% 2)!O( -rom the a sor er is sent to a
steam stri""er. he "rod#ct, stream 12, ana$* es 25% 2)!O. ;art o- gases
-rom the a sor er are "#rged and the remainder is rec*c$ed to the reactor.
'a( onstr#ct a degree o- -reedom ta $e and show the "rocess is s"eci-ied.
' ( ed#ce a ca$c#$ation order ass#ming a$$ -$ows and com"ositions are to e
ca$c#$ated. i+e ex"$anations.
'c( a$c#$ate the di$#ent N2 re #ired "er mo$e o- 2)! -ed to the "rocess. 'd(
a$c#$ate the o+era$$ *ie$d o- 2)!O -rom 2)! in the "rocess.

a$c#$ate the -ractiona$ *ie$d o- 2)!o as it occ#rs in the reactor itse$-.

Hx"$ain wh* these are di--erent.
 am ar . 2 &

A sor

Iea tor

i$#ent Sti er

*en&elesaian +
i etah#i &
• )# #ngan;em ant# &

5
NC 2 H 4 0,75 x 0.1 x N!
5 5
N CO 2 2 x N H2O

• 3enda$a;em agi &

'N 1('S 1( '! 1('2 1(
• Iea si *ang ter adi &
2 2 ) ! > O 2 P 2 2) !O
2)! > O 2 P 2 O 2 > 2) 2O

/ixe Iea to Stri""e S"$itte

A sor er ;roses Overall
r r r r
aria e$ a$#r
11 10 > 2 1! 8 12 >2 11 > 2
a$ir
Neraca S4 ! 6 6 ! 2 6
S"esi-i asi&
3om"osisi 1 2 0 5 1
4a #A$ir 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
)# .
0 2 2 0 ! 6 1
;em ant#
ota$ 7 11 9 5 ! 8
3 ! 1 5 1 5
a Ta"el Dera at ke"e"asan

" 4ersamaan 5ari ,a ! Alir 5an K0mp0sisi #

18 eakt#r
•
Fasis ' N! ( 1000

• )# #ngan;em ant#
5
N C2H4 0,75 x 0,1 x N!
5
N C2H4 0,75 x 0,1 x 1000
5
N C2H4 75

5 5
• N CO 2 2 NH 2 O

• ;ersamaan &
5 4

a. NC 2 H 4 NC 2 H 4 ? 2r1 ? r2
75 1000 x 0.1 2r1 ? r2
75 100 2r1 ? r2
2r1 ? r2 25KKKKKKK'1(
5 4

. NO 2 NO 2 ?r1 ? r2
1000 x 0.11 r1 ? r2
 110 r1 ? r2................'2(
5 4

c. N N2 NN 2
0,78 x
1.000 780

5 4

d. N CO 2 N CO 2 > 2 r 2 K K K K . ' (

10> 2r2
5 4

e. N H 20 N H 20 > 2r2

0 > 2r2
2r2KKKKKKK.'!(
5 4

-. NC 2 H 4 O NC 2 H 4 O > 2r1

0 > 2r1
2r1KKKKKKK'5(
5

g. N CO 2 10 > 2r 2 K K K K K K ' (
5

2 N H2O 10> 2r2

2 x 2r2 10> 2r2
!r2 10> 2r2
2r2 10
r2 5

h. 2r1 ? r2 25KKKKKKK'1(
2r1 20
r1 10

:adi, N5 ota$ 990

28 .bs#rber

• )# #ngan;em ant# &

6 6
XC 2 H 4 6 XC 2 H 4

• ;ersamaan &
5 6

a. NC 2 H 4 NC 2 H 4
6
NC 2 H 4 75KKKKKKKK..'1(
 5 6

. NO 2 NO 2
6
N O2 85KKKKKKKKK..'2(

5 6

c. N N2 NN 2
6
N N2 780KKKKKK...' (

5 6 9

d. N CO 2 N CO 2 > N CO 2
6 9

20 N CO 2 > N CO2 KKKK.'!(

5 10 9

e. N H2O N H 2 O > N H 20
10 9

10 > N H 2 O N H 20 KKK.'5(

-. NC 2 H 4 O N9. J 2)!O

20 N9x 0,0!
N9 500
6

g. NC 2 H 4 75KKKKKK.'1(
6
XC 2 H 4 . N6 75
6

N6.6 N CO2 75
6

6 N CO 2 75
6
N CO 2 75=6
6
N CO 2 12,5

h. i A$#r 6 &
6
NC 2 H 4 75
6
NO 2 85
6
N N2 780
6
N CO 2 12,5 >

N6 952,5
 10 9

i. 10 > N H2O N H 20 KKKK.'5(

10 9

10 > N H 2 O N9. X H 20
10 9

10 > N H 2 O ' 0,96 X CO 2 ( 500

10 9

10 > N H 2 O !80 ? 500 X CO 2

10

10 > N H 2 O !80 ? 500 '0,015(

10
NH 2 O !62,5

6 9

. 20 N CO2 > N CO 2 KKKK.'!(

20 12,5 > N CO 2
9
N CO 2 7,5
9

N9 . X CO 2 7,5
9

500 . X CO 2 7,5
9
X CO 2 0,015

/a a, A$#r 6 terdiri dari&

6

1. N6. XC 2 H 4 75
6
XC 2 H 4 75=952,5
6
XC 2 H 4 0,0787

2. N6. X O 2 85
6
X O2 85 = 952,5
6
X O2 0,0892

. N6. X N 2 780
6
X N2 780 = 952, 5
 9 12

a. NC 2 H 4 O NC 2 H 4 O
20 N12. J 2)!O
N12 20 = 0,25
N12 80
9

. N CO 2 N12. J O2

7,5 N12. J O2
J O2 7,5 = 80
J O2 0,09 75

9 11 12 10

c. NH 2 O > NH 2 O NH 2 O > NH 2 O
11

!72,5> N H2O 52,5 > !62,5

11
NH 2 O !2,5

12 12 12

d. 1 X CO 2 > XC 2 H 4 O X H 2O
12
X CO 2 1 ? 0,25 ? 0,09 75
12
X CO 2 0,65625

12

e. NC 2 H 4 O 80 . 0,75
12
NC 2 H 4 O 20

12

-. N CO 2 80 . 0,09 75
12
N CO 2 7,5

12
NH 2 O 80 . 0,65625
g.
12
NH 2 O 52,5

48 Mi9er
;ersamaan &
4 8

a. N CO 2 N8. X CO 2

10 N8 . 0,01 12
 N8 762

4 8 2

. N! . X O 2 N8. X O 2 > N O2
2

110 67,9709 > NO 2

2
NO 2 !2, 0291

4 1 8

c. NC 2 H 4 N C 2 H 4 > N 8. XC 2 H 4
1

100 NC 2 H 4 > 762 '0,07879(

1
NC 2 H 4 !0
4 3 8

d. NN 2 NN 2 > NN 2
3

780 N N2 > 762 '0,0188(

3
NN 2 156

8 Splitter 3*emba,i7 +
3arena di S"$itter ' ;em agi (, terda"at enda$a "em agi &
6

a. X C 2 H 4 =XC8 2 H 4= XC7 2 H 4 0,0787!

6

. X O 2 =XO8 2= XO7 2 0,0892

6

X N 2= XN8 2 =X7N 2
c. 0,8188
6

XCO 2=XCO8 2=X CO7 2

d. 0,01 12

;ersamaan &
6 8 7
NC 2 H 4 N8. XC 2 H 4 > NC 2 H 4

75 762 .' 0,0787! ( > N7 ' 0,0787!(

N7 190,5

c 4 e r " a n 5 i n g a n N 25 e n g a n 6 2 + terha5ap !mpan 7ang mas!k #

3
N N2 156
1
40 ,9
NC 2 H 4