3.3.6.

3 Reservoir Design

Design of Reservoir is composed of two structures: (1) Reinforced Concrete

Retaining wall, and (2) Reinforced concrete Slab.

3.3.6.3.1 Notations and Symbols

γ = bulk unit weight, KN/m3

γsat = saturated unit weight, KN/m3

γdry = dry unit weight, KN/m3

γwater = unit weight of water, KN/m3

γ’ = effective unit weight, KN/m3

η = soil porosity

KA = Rankine Active Earth Pressure Coefficient

Φ = angle of friction, degrees

PA = active lateral earth force, KN

H = wall height, m

M = bending moment, KN-m

PW = hydrostatic force, KN

MU,MAX= Maximum Ultimate Design Moment, KN-m

MU = Actual Ultimate Moment, KN-m

RU = Resistance Coefficient, MPa

b = breadth of concrete section, mm

d = effective depth of concrete section, mm

 ρ = actual steel ratio

ρbal = balanced steel ratio

ρmax = maximum steel ratio

ρmin = minimum steel ratio

ω = reinforcement index

fc ’ = compressive strength of concrete, MPa

fy = tensile strength of steel, MPa

AS = area of steel, mm2

3.3.6.3.2 Retaining Wall

To calculate the lateral forces that is subjected to the structure, the concept

of Rankine’s Lateral Earth Pressure Theory is used.

 Saturated Unit Weight

Ύsat = 𝛾𝑑𝑟𝑦 + 𝑛𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (eq. 3.4)

 Effective Unit Weight

Ύ’ = 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑡 −𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (eq. 3.5)

 Active Lateral Earth Presure Coefficient

1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝐾𝐴 = (eq. 3.6)
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

 Active Lateral Earth Force

1
𝑃𝐴 = 2 (𝛾′)(𝑘𝐴 )(𝐻 2 ) (eq. 3.7)
 Hydrostatic Force
1
𝑃𝑊 = 2 𝛾𝑊 (𝐻 2 ) (eq. 3.8)
  Bending Moment

M= 0.33(PA+Pw)H (eq. 3.9)

After the analysis, structural details are computed through the reinforced

concrete Ultimate Strength Design Procedure:

 Maximum Ultimate Design Moment

𝑀𝑢, 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑑 2 𝑤(1 − 0.59𝑤) (eq. 3.10)

 Actual Design Moment

𝑀𝑢 = Ø𝑅𝑢 𝑏𝑑 2 (eq. 3.11)

 Actual Steel Ratio

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅
𝑈
𝜌= (1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′) (eq. 3.12)
𝑓𝑦

 Minimum Steel Ratio

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (eq. 3.13)
𝑓𝑦

 Balanced Steel Ratio

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600

𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = (eq. 3.14)
𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)

 Maximum Steel Ratio

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 (eq. 3.15)

 Reinforcement Index
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑓𝑦
𝜔= (eq. 3.16)
𝑓𝑦
  Steel Area

𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 (eq. 3.17)

3.3.6.3.3Slab

Approximate analysis shall be performed in the design, where slab is

idealized as simply supported at its ends. Two cases shall be followed: (i)

Reservoir is at its full capacity, neglecting the soil pressure outside, and

(ii) Reservoir is empty, considering uplift reaction due to the self-weight of

the reservoir.

 Uniform Load per Unit Length

𝑤𝑢 = 𝛾𝑏𝐻 (eq. 3.18)

 Maximum Moment at simply supported span

𝑤𝑢 𝐿2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (eq. 3.19)
8

Design for Reinforcements shall be the same as for the wall structure of

the Reservoir.