Mayo Oshin 

1st Edition. 

MayoOshin.Com 1
A quick note from the author, Mayo Oshin:

Master your focus is a brief scientific guide written to make it easier for you to
stay focused and achieve your most important goals in your health, work and life.

I understand that you’re busy and time is limited, so this guide has been designed
to be a quick read packed with practical ideas you can quickly apply in your life
immediately.

Feel free to share this guide with your colleagues, friends or family who would
also benefit from reading.

If you were forwarded this guide, you can get more practical, science-backed
ideas to improve your focus, decision-making and habits at MayoOshin.Com, or
in my free weekly newsletter at ​https://mayooshin.com/newsletter/​.

Thank you again for reading and look forward to hearing from you soon,

Mayo

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10 Things You’ll Learn In This Guide 
1. How to use the law of physics to stop procrastinating and get things done.
2. How to train your brain to avoid distractions and focus on what matters
most.
3. How to create more time and energy to focus on your most important
goals.
4. How to eliminate stress and overwhelm caused by digital devices.
5. How to prioritize and manage your time like a billionaire.
6. How to actually stick to your goals over the long-term.
7. How to say No gracefully and uncommit from other people’s requests.
8. How to achieve more while doing less.
9. How to make motivation last over the long term.
10.How to redesign your environment to make it easier to stay focused and
avoid distractions.

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Table of Contents 

Introduction 5 

Strategy No.1: The Ivy Lee Method 7 

Strategy No.2: Newton’s First Law of Motion. 10 

Strategy No.3: The Time Blocking Technique 14 

Strategy No.4: Pre-plan a Proactive ‘No’ 17 

Strategy No.5: Warren Buffett’s 5/25 Rule 19 

Strategy No.6: Redesign Your Environment. 21 

Strategy No.7: Quit on Your Goals 24 

Strategies Cheat Sheet 27 

Where to Go From Here 28 

Sources 29 

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Introduction 
Estimated Reading Time: Less than 60 seconds.

In today’s digital world filled with non-stop emails, information overload, mobile
phone messages and social media notifications, it’s never been harder in human
history to stay focused on our goals.

Each day, we wake up determined to stay focused and finish the most important
tasks on our ‘To Do List.’ But then, what happens?

As soon as we’re awake, a million and one things begin to pull our attention in
different directions.

And despite our best attempts to stay on track, we can’t help but be easily
distracted—almost like a squirrel—and get buried in the minutia.

To solve this problem, we attempt to multitask between checking emails,

scrolling on social media feeds, clicking on links online, attending meetings,
saying yes to people’s urgent requests, and responding to phone texts. But, what
is the result of this lack of focus?

At the end of the day, we feel exhausted, stressed, disappointed and defeated,
because the entire day was wasted dealing with every little distraction, and we
never got round to finishing our most important tasks.

And worst of all, we feel like we’re falling behind on our goals and life is slipping
away.

If you can relate to any of these problems, here’s the good news: focus is a skill
that can be developed and mastered, just like art.

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And today, I’m going to show you the best strategies from my years of research
into proven, cutting-edge science and the habits of high-achievers, that will help
you to improve your focus and concentration.

My hope is that after applying the strategies in this brief guide, you’ll develop the
ability to stay focused on your most important goals and achieve them in the
process.

Enjoy.

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Strategy No.1: The Ivy Lee Method 
Estimated Reading Time: 2 Minutes

“I want you to start at number one don’t even think about number two until
number one is complete.”
— Ivy Lee

In the early 1900s, Charles M. Schwab, President of Bethlehem Steel

Corporation​—a ​ steel and shipping company​—​wanted to increase the efficiency of
his management team.

Oil business magnate, John D. Rockefeller Sr. suggested that Schwab meet with
Ivy Lee​—a​ highly respected productivity expert and pioneer in the field of public
relations. [1]

At the start of their meeting, Charles Schwab asked Ivy Lee for help to improve
the productivity of his company.

“Give me 15 minutes with each of your executives,” Lee replied.

Schwab asked, “What will it cost me?”

“Nothing,” Lee said. “Unless it works. After three months, you can send me a
check for whatever you feel it’s worth to you. Fair enough?”

Over the next three months Ivy Lee recommended a method to help the
executives achieve peak performance and productivity on a daily basis.

Here’s the Ivy Lee Method in six steps:

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Step 1: ​Clearly define your vision, goals and objectives for your life, business,
health etc.

Step 2:​​ At the end of each, preferably in the evening, write down the six most
important tasks that you need to complete the following day to achieve your
vision, goals and objectives.

Step 3:​​ Rank and prioritize these six tasks in order of importance.

Step 4:​​ Each morning, begin with most important task on the list and ​do not
move onto the next task until the previous one is complete​​.

Step 5: ​Work your way through the six tasks on the list in order from the most to
least important task. If at the end of the day you don’t finish a task, move it to the
new list of six tasks for the following day.

Step 6:​​ Rinse and repeat this process every day.

After the three-month trial, Charles Schwab met with Ivy Lee to review the
results.

The efficiency and sales of Bethlehem Steel had improved so much that Schwab
wrote Lee a check of $25,000 (the equivalent of a $400,000 check in 2016) and
later noted that the Ivy Lee method was the most profitable advice he had ever
received. [2]

Within a couple of years, Bethlehem Steel company became America’s

second-largest steel producer and largest shipbuilder. Charles M. Schwab himself
amassed a personal net worth over $200 million dollars as a result of this
success.

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So, what makes the Ivy Lee method so effective?

● It’s simplicity makes it easier to take action.

● It builds momentum for consistent action.
● It forces you to focus on just one thing at a time.

The Ivy Lee Method is a simple, powerful strategy for stress-free

productivity that highlights the importance of doing the most important
thing first each day. It’s a reminder that fewer priorities lead to better work
and performance. A reminder that simplicity helps to guide complex plans,
behaviours and actions.

Give it a go tonight. Simply write down the six most important things you
have to achieve tomorrow. And then tomorrow, in the words of Ivy Lee…

“I want you to start at number one don’t even think about number two
until number one is complete.”

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Strategy No.2: Newton’s First Law of 
Motion. 
Estimated Reading Time: 3 minutes

“An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion.”
— Sir Isaac Newton

In 1685, Sir Isaac Newton—a genius physicist with long, curly, white hair—set out
to mathematically prove how planets moved through space and revolved around
the sun.

Over a period of 18 months, Newton isolated himself from the world, barely
eating or sleeping, and working day and night until he discovered the proof. After
years of painstaking work, Sir Isaac Newton submitted a 500 page draft of his
findings to the Royal Society for publication.

In 1687, his groundbreaking work was published. Widely considered to be one of

the most important scientific books ever written, ​The Principia,​ laid the

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foundation for the science of mechanics through Newton’s three famous laws of
motion. [3]

Specifically, Newton’s first law of motion contains useful ideas and analogies that
can be applied to improving productivity in everyday life.

Newton’s first law of motion states that…

An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a

constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.

In layman’s terms, an object in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest

tends to stay at rest.

In everyday life, this implies that procrastination leads to more procrastination

and action leads to more action. So, if we can simply get started on a task or goal,
taking the next steps becomes much easier.

Think about the last time you tricked yourself into thinking that a time wasting
activity—watching TV, checking social media, browsing the internet, responding
to emails—would “only last a minute.”

Did it really last a minute?

Most likely, you wasted more minutes or hours than intended. This is the effect of
Newton’s first law of motion.

The less awareness we have of this law, the more we get stuck in motion at rest,
instead of motion in action. Let me explain.

Motion at rest​ is busyness that doesn’t produce any outcome by itself. On the
other hand, ​motion in action​ is a behaviour that directly leads to an outcome.

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Here are some examples of the differences between motion at rest and motion in
action…

● If your goal is to lose weight and get in shape​​, researching diet plans
and exercise programmes is motion at rest, eating a healthy meal and
working out is motion in action.
● If your goal is to write a book​​, brainstorming ideas is motion at rest,
writing a draft is motion in action.
● If your goal is to spend more time with family​​, researching family
holiday destinations is motion at rest, travelling to a destination with your
family is motion in action.

The difference between the two is ​results.

When we get stuck in motion at rest, we make little to no progress towards our
goals. Conversely, motion in action produces results and brings us closer to
achieving our goals.

Motion at rest isn’t bad, but it’s only useful up for a certain period of time, after
which, it becomes a form of procrastination that hurts our productivity

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The problem is that often, we spend the majority of our time stuck in motion at
rest. As a result, a lot of time and energy is wasted, with little results to show for
all of our efforts. The best way to improve productivity is to spend less time in
motion at rest and more time in motion in action.

Here’s how, in four simple steps.

ACTION:

Step 1:​​ Pick one goal you’ve been procrastinating on i.e. exercising three times a
week.

Step 2:​​ Breakdown this goal into a simple action that you can easily take in five
minutes or less i.e. wear your gym clothes.

Step 3:​​ Write a plan for this goal in the form of the sentence: I will ​[ACTION]​​ at
[TIME]​​ in ​[LOCATION]​​. For example, I will ​[wear my gym clothes]​​ at ​[7
p.m.]​​ in ​[my bedroom]​​. [4]

Step 4:​​ Focus your energy on taking action on your simple plan in step 3.

Note: ​This was the exact strategy I used to stop procrastinating for several
months on writing a book to writing a 5,000 word draft in one day and
publishing the entire book in just over a month.

The idea here is that switching from a mindset of ‘Just Do It’ to ‘Just Get
Started,’ will make it easier to overcome procrastination and take consistent
action.

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Strategy No.3: The Time Blocking 
Technique 
Estimated Reading Time: 3 Minutes

“Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun’s rays do not
burn until brought to a focus.”
— Alexander Graham Bell

The time blocking technique is an effective time management strategy used by

highly successful CEOs, entrepreneurs and productivity experts, including Bill
Gates, Elon Musk and Cal Newport. It involves blocking out uninterrupted time
from your calendar to complete specific tasks.

For example, Musk intentionally pre-plans his day—meals, meetings, email

responses—ahead of time in five-minute increments or ‘time blocks.’ Each time
block is assigned with a specific task or activity and there is no free time left
unscheduled. [5]

Time blocking forces you to fill up free time with pre-commitments and a plan of
action. By doing so, you avoid wasting precious time on a task that could be
finished quicker. [6]

Another benefit of time blocking is that it reduces the number of choices you’d
have to make in any given moment—boosting your willpower and self control to
avoid distractions and stay focused. [7]

Here are 3 simple steps to apply the time blocking method.

Step 1:​​ Divide a piece of ruled paper into two columns. On the left column
allocate every two lines to each hour or 5-minute block of the day (whichever you
prefer).

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Step 2:​​ Estimate the amount of time each task is going to take to complete, then
write these tasks on the left column with their respective time blocks. ​Optional:
add commentary notes in the corresponding right column.
Step 3:​​ Add buffer times or extra room around each time block to allow for
adjustments or unexpected activities.

The image below is a quick reference on the three steps above.

That’s it. It’s that simple.

Here are a four quick tips to make the most out of the time blocking method:

1. Spend at least 10 minutes filling your time blocks.​​ Ideally, this

should be done the day before your plans are due.

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 2. Accurately estimate how long it takes to complete a given task.
When we’re overly optimistic about how long a given task will take to
complete, we’ll fail to follow through on what we set out to do. This bias
(also known as the ‘planning fallacy’) can be avoided, if you keep a timed
record of your tasks.
3. Breakdown big tasks into small chunks.​​ If you have big tasks that
require a long period to finish, break these down into small sub-tasks and
slot them into your daily time blocks.
​ f the piece
4. Plan for unexpected interruptions. ​Use the ​right column o
of paper, to revise your original time blocks, should disruptions pop up
during the day. Time blocking for ‘reactive’ work in this way will help you
to avoid overwhelm, reduce stress and stay focused throughout the day.

We all have the same 24 hours in any given day. The difference between those
who get a lot done, like Elon Musk, versus those who don’t isn’t intellect or
genetics—it’s a combination of a mindset that values time and an effective time
management method like time blocking.

Time blocking is a simple, flexible and effective way to help you to manage your
time better and stay productive on a daily basis.

Most importantly, time blocking helps us to take control of our time—which once
lost, we can never get back.

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Strategy No.4: Pre-plan a Proactive 
‘No’ 
Estimated Reading Time: 2 Minutes

“You’ve gotta keep control of your time and you can’t unless you say no. You
can’t let people set your agenda in life.”
— Warren Buffett

A crucial life skill is the ability to gracefully say no to friends, family, colleagues
and human beings in general.

Each time we say no to one opportunity, we’re saying yes to another one which
could be more rewarding. We also create more time and space to recover and
focus on what really matters most.

Despite how important we know it is to say no, why do we still struggle to turn
down unnecessary commitments?

The answer lies in the difference between a reactive ‘no’ versus a proactive ‘no.’

A reactive ‘no’ is an unplanned response to decline unexpected offers. A proactive

‘no’ is a pre-planned response to decline expected offers.

Because a reactive ‘no’ is unplanned, it’s easy to get tempted and swayed towards
saying yes to unnecessary offers and commitments.

For example, during office hours, whilst you’re typing an important document,
colleagues could walk by your desk and request your urgent attention to a task.

In this scenario, using a reactive ‘no’ could still tempt you to stop working on
your important document and spend time on your colleagues urgent task instead.

The best way to solve this problem is to pre-plan a proactive ‘no.’ In this scenario,
you’d have pre-planned ​when, where and how​ to say no to your colleagues ahead
of time.

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Countless “implementation-intention” research studies have shown that planning
when and where to implement a behaviour could double the odds of taking action
on it. [8]

As an example, you may have pre-planned your ‘no’ in an “IF [specific person
makes specific request at specific location and time]-THEN[my specific
response]” format as follows:

“​If​​ Michael walks up to my desk at 11 a.m. tomorrow to make an urgent request,

then ​I will let him know I’ll get back to him at 5 p.m.”

By pre-committing your actions, you can make it automatically easier to

gracefully say ‘no’ on a regular basis.

ACTION :

Here are 3 simple steps to pre-plan a proactive ‘no.’

Step 1: ​Identify the typical scenarios during the day when a friend, colleague or a
person would request your commitment to do something.

Step 2: ​Write down when, where and how you plan to say no to their request.
Use the IF-THEN layout i.e. “IF [specific person makes specific request at specific
location and time]-THEN[my specific response].”

Step 3:​​ Block your ‘No’ plan into your calendar using the time blocking
technique (strategy no.3).

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Strategy No.5: Warren Buffett’s 5/25 
Rule 
Estimated Reading Time: 2 Minutes

Starting from scratch, Warren Buffett, a prolific investor and the CEO of
Berkshire Hathaway, has built a fortune of wealth—a net worth close to $89.2
billion.

Just like most high achievers, Warren Buffett uses highly effective strategies
that help him to get more done in a few months and years, than most people
achieve in a lifetime.

One of these strategies is called the 5/25 rule for better prioritisation and
focus.

Here’s the exact 3-step process Buffett shared with a pilot of his private jet,
Mike Flint [9]:

Step 1: Write down your top 25 goals.

The first thing Warren Buffett asked Flint to do was to list the most important
career goals he wanted to achieve in his lifetime. These would total to 25 goals.

Step 2: Draw a circle around your top 5 goals.

Once Flint compiled his list of 25 career goals, Buffett asked him to draw a
circle around his top 5 most important goals. Flint was hesitant because each
goal was important to him, but nevertheless, he circled five goals.
Then, Buffett asked, “Are you sure these are the absolute highest priority for
you.” Flint replied, “Yes.”

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Step 3: Focus on Your Top 5 Goals and Say No to the Rest

After the brief discussion, Flint said to Buffett, “Warren, these are the most
important things in my life right now.

I’m going to get to work on them right away. I’ll start tomorrow. Actually, no
I’ll start tonight.”

Buffett replied, “but what about these other 20 things on your list that you
didn’t circle? What is your plan for completing those?” Flint replied swiftly,
“Well the top five are my primary focus but the other twenty come in at a close
second. They are still important so I’ll work on those intermittently as I see fit
as I’m getting through my top 5. They are not as urgent but I still plan to give
them dedicated effort.”

After a brief moment of silence, Buffett looked straight into Flint’s eyes and
said, “No. You’ve got it wrong Steve. Everything you didn’t circle just became
your ‘avoid at all cost list.’ No matter what, these things get no attention from
you until you’ve succeeded with your top 5.”

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Strategy No.6: Redesign Your 
Environment. 
Estimated Reading Time: 3 Minutes

“Effective leaders have the ability to consistently move themselves and others to
action because they understand the “invisible forces” that shape us.”
—Tony Robbins

In 2012, a group of Harvard trained researchers conducted an experiment at the

Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

Their objective was simple: improve the eating and drinking habits of the
hospital’s staff and visitors, without talking to or instructing anybody.

In order to achieve this, the researchers re-designed the physical layout of the
hospital cafeteria. For example, they labelled healthy and unhealthy food items
with different colour codes. They positioned water bottles above eye level in all
refrigerator drink locations around the room, including the ones that were
previously filled with only soda. They placed baskets filled with water bottles
around the room.

After three months of the experiment, the researchers gathered and analysed the
results. The sale of unhealthy food items dropped by 4.9% and the sale of healthy
food items increased by 9.6%. The percentage of soda sales reduced by a
whooping 11.4 percent, whilst the percentage sales of bottled water increased by
25.8 percent. [10]

What’s fascinating about this experiment is that if you had asked any one of the
visitors in the hospital why they were drinking a bottle of water instead of a soda,
they’d have said it was their own choice to do so. But, we know this isn’t
completely true.

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The reason why they made healthier choices, wasn’t because of their own
deliberate effort, willpower or motivation, it was because their ​environment
presented better choices.

What exactly is environment?

Environment includes anything we experience with our five senses i.e. taste,
sight, touch, smell, and sound. In this experiment, the environmental changes
used sight to encourage drinking of water bottles.

Often, we make bad choices not because of lack of willpower or motivation, but
because of a poorly designed environment.

For example, if you leave a box of chocolates on your kitchen counter, it’s only a
matter of time before you start eating them.

The same idea applies to distractions from social media, email and mobile
phones. The easier it is to access your electronic devices, the more difficult it will
be to resist distractions that lead to procrastination.

Our environment can also create a good or bad internal state. For example, a
cluttered, dirty and disorganized work desk or home environment could
unknowingly trigger feelings of overwhelm, stress and anxiety. Decluttering and
cleaning these areas could provide immediate stress relief. [11]

One of the best ways to stop procrastinating, avoid distractions and improve your
focus is to redesign your environment to make good choices easier and bad ones
harder.

Here’s how in two simple steps.

ACTION :

Step​​ ​1:​​ ​Increase​ ​the​ ​number​ ​of​ ​steps​ ​required​ ​to​ ​make​ ​a​ ​bad​ ​choice.

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For example, if mobile phone social media or email notifications easily distract
you away from work, you could either log off or delete the apps from your phone.
This way, it’ll be harder for you to get distracted.

Step​​ ​2​:​ ​Reduce the number of steps required to make a good choice.

For example, if you’re trying to ​read​ ​more books, you could place a selection of
books you’d like to read ​in your bedroom and near spots you frequent the most
around your house.

The key idea here is that the better designed your environment is for good
choices, the higher the likelihood you’ll achieve your goals.

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Strategy No.7: Quit on Your Goals 
Estimated Reading Time: 2 Minutes

“Once a significant amount of time, money and energy has been invested, it
becomes more difficult to quit, even though sticking to the goal could cost us
much more than we’ve lost already”
–Mayo Oshin

“Quitters never win and winners never quits.”

These are the infamous words of legendary NFL coach, Vincent Lombardi,
considered to be one the greatest coaches in American sport history.

Almost half a century after his death, Lombardis’ words are still a good
representation of what we believe about success today—that winners never give
up and losers always quit.

But, what if our beliefs about success are backwards?

What if quitting could improve the odds of success and grit or perseverance could
leave us worse off?

In the business of trading, roughly 90% of day traders lose their money, whilst
the remaining 10% make obscene amounts of money. [12]

We’re talking hundreds of millions of dollars a year lost by the losers and gained
by the winners.

At some point in the 1980s, Jack Schwager, a renowned expert in futures trading
(the buying and selling of an item in the future, based on an agreed price today),
began his search for answers to what separates the winning traders from the
losing pack.

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To solve this mystery, over the next twenty years or so, Schwager researched and
interviewed the most successful traders of our time—including traders who had
amassed billions of dollars, averaged 30 percent returns on their money each year
for up to twenty-one years and grew thirty thousand dollars into eighty million
dollars.

After putting together his findings, Schwager discovered a common trait—aside

from skill level—shared by the top traders.

The common habit shared by the top traders was their ability to…
“Cut your losses and let your profits run.” [13]

In the world of entrepreneurship, some of the most profitable businesses have

been built after the entrepreneur had quit on another idea and cut their losses.

For example, the social media platform, Twitter, was a ​pivot​ idea, built after the
founders abandoned their podcasting company, Odeo.

Other examples include YouTube, originally a dating site, eBay, originally a

platform for selling PEZ dispensers and Google, which began as library book
search engine.

In the world of science, some of the most innovative inventions have been the
sequel to a series of abandoned ideas and experiments.

For example, Sir Alexander Fleming abandoned his search for a drug to cure
diseases to later discover the powerful antibiotic, penicillin.

What if these people refused to quit on their initial goals? What would the world
look like today?

Winners quit all the time—they just quit the right stuff at the right time to create
more time and energy to devote towards something more important.

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Quitting also has health benefits. According to psychologists Wrosch and Miller,
‘​goal disengagement’—​ that is, giving up on our goals—could also improve overall
well-being.

During their one year-long study, which involved tracking the effects of goal
setting on 90 teenagers, the psychologists discovered that the participants who
refused to quit on unattainable goals experienced higher levels of inflammatory
molecule C-reactive protein—a protein linked with heart disease and diabetes.
[14]

Contrary to popular opinion, winners cut their losses to win big in life.

ACTION:

Some goals are worth sticking with and some aren’t. Sometimes, we have to let go
of a business, friendship, relationship, job or idea, to make room for a better one.

Review your current goals and ask yourself this question: Is the cost of pursuing
this goal greater the benefits it provides?

If the costs of sticking with a goal has outweighed the benefits for a long period of
time and there’s an alternative option available, you may consider quitting on
that goal.

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Strategies Cheat Sheet 
Strategy No.1: The Ivy Lee Method.

Strategy No.2: Use Newton’s First Law of Motion.

Strategy No.3: The Time Blocking Technique.

Strategy No.4: Pre-Plan a Proactive ‘No.’

Strategy No.5: Warren Buffett's 5/25 rule.

Strategy No.6: Redesign Your Environment.

Strategy No.7: Quit on your goals.

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Where to Go From Here 
Thank you again for reading this far. We’ve covered quite a lot of practical ideas
on how to improve your focus and concentration.

I hope that you’ve enjoyed this guide and most importantly, apply these ideas in
your life as soon as possible.

Feel free to share this guide with your colleagues, friends, family or anyone who
would benefit from reading the information inside the guide.

On a final note, you don’t have to figure things out on your own.

Join our community of mission-driven individuals, who refuse to settle for

anything less than the best, and get free weekly practical, science-based ideas for
better focus, decision-making and habits at ​https://mayooshin.com/newsletter/​.

Thank you again for reading and hope to speak to you soon.

Cheers,

Mayo

MayoOshin.Com 28
Sources 
1. The original source of the Ivy Lee, Charles M. Schwab story is extremely
hard to find, however, some credible sources include, The Unseen Power:
Public Relations: A History” by Scott M. Cutlip and The Time Trap by R.
Alec Mackenzie.
2. Impact of the Ivy Lee Method on Bethlehem Steel was highlighted within
LeBoeuf, Michael (1979), Working Smart, Warner Books. pp. 52–54.
3. Newton’s First Law of Motion comes from Newton’s book, The Principia:
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
4. This strategy is called implementation intentions. Peter Gollwitzer and
Paschal Sheeran, “Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A
Meta-Analysis of Effects and Processes,” Advances in Experimental Social
Psychology 38 (2006): 69–119.
5. Information on Elon Musk was found at various sources including Ashlee
Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future and
the independent magazine.
6. Parkinson’s law states that work tends to expand to fill the time allotted for
it. By restricting the time deadline till completion, the task gets done
quicker.
7. This depletion of willpower is called decision fatigue.
8. Sarah Milne, Sheina Orbell, and Paschal Sheeran, “Combining
Motivational and Volitional Interventions to Promote Exercise
Participation: Protection Motivation Theory and Implementation
Intentions,” British Journal of Health Psychology 7 (May 2002): 163–184.
9. There are different variations of the exact wordings of the Mike Flint story,
however this would appear to be the most accurate.
10.Anne N. Thorndike et al., “A 2-Phase Labeling and Choice Architecture
Intervention to Improve Healthy Food and Beverage Choices,” American
Journal of Public Health 102, no. 3 (2012), doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300391.
11. Tolin DF et al.,Neural mechanisms of decision making in hoarding
disorder (2012).
12. The actual percentage of traders who lose money varies depending on the
source of information. Some sources suggest 95% or more lose money on
average.

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 13. Jack Schwager, Market Wizards: Interviews with Top Traders (2012).
14. Miller, Gregory E., and Carsten Wrosch. “​You’ve Gotta Know When to Fold
’Em: Goal Disengagement and Systemic Inflammation in Adolescence​.”
Psychological Science 18, no. 9 (2007): 773–77.

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