NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

VEDASTO J. SAMONTE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

LAOAG CITY
S.Y. 2019-2020

Subject: VALUES SYSTEM OF EDUCATION (EDU 217)

Aslima B. Panara-ag Professor: Prof. Zenaida I. Franco

MaEd- EDM

EXTRA JUDICIAL KILLING and DEATH PENALTY

An extrajudicial killing (also known as extrajudicial execution) is the killing of

a person by governmental authorities or individuals without the sanction of any judicial
proceeding or legal process. Many consider Extra Judicial punishments unethical, since
they bypass the due process of the legal jurisdiction in which they occur. Extrajudicial
killings often target leading political, trade union, dissident, religious, and social figures
and are only those carried out by the state government or other state authorities like the
armed forces or police, as extra-legal fulfillment of their prescribed role.

Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines are

illegal executions – unlawful or felonious killings – and forced disappearances in
the Philippines. These are forms of extrajudicial punishment, and include extrajudicial
executions, summary executions, arbitrary arrest and detentions, and failed
prosecutions due to political activities of leading political, trade union members,
dissident and/or social figures, left-wing political parties, non-governmental
organizations, political journalists, outspoken clergy, anti-mining activists, agricultural
reform activists, members of organizations that are allied or legal fronts of the
communist movement like "Bayan group" or suspected supporters of the NPA and its
political wing, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).

Extrajudicial killings are most commonly referred to as "salvaging" in Philippine

English. The word is believed to be a direct Anglicization of Tagalog salbahe ("cruel",
"barbaric"), from Spanish salvaje ("wild", "savage").

Death Penalty is the ultimate cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.

Amnesty opposes the death penalty in all cases without exception - regardless of who is
accused, the nature or circumstances of the crime, guilt or innocence or method of
execution.
Execution Methods

• Beheading
• Electrocution
• Hanging
• Lethal injection
• Shooting

Juvenile Executions

The use of the death penalty for crimes committed by people younger than 18 is
prohibited under international human rights law, yet some countries still sentence to
death and execute juvenile defendants. Such executions are few compared to the total
number of executions recorded by Amnesty International each year.

However, their significance goes beyond their number and calls into question the
commitment of the executing states to respect international law.

Since 1990 Amnesty International has documented 145 executions of child offenders in
10 countries: China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, South Sudan, Sudan, the USA and Yemen.

Several of these countries have changed their laws to exclude the practice. Iran has
executed more than twice as many child offenders as the other nine countries
combined. At the time of writing Iran has executed at least 97 child offenders since
1990.

Where do most executions take place?

In 2018, most known executions took place in China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam and
Iraq – in that order.

China remains the world’s top executioner – but the true extent of the use of the death
penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state secret; the global figure
of at least 690 recorded in 2018 excludes the thousands of executions believed to have
been carried out in China.

Excluding China, 78% of all reported executions took place in just four countries – Iran,
Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam and Iraq.
 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
VEDASTO J. SAMONTE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
LAOAG CITY
S.Y. 2019-2020

Subject: VALUES SYSTEM OF EDUCATION (EDU 217)

Aslima B. Panara-ag Professor: Prof. Zenaida I. Franco

MaEd- EDM

Reflection in Paradox of Life

This whole idea of paradox needs to be understood by everybody, really,

because we deal with paradoxes in our daily lives. A paradox is two (or more)

seemingly true statements that lead to a contradiction or seem to defy logic. The

viewpoints appear to be contradictory to each other, but the statements themselves

seem true.

The first of the hypothetical paths is the path of wisdom — it’s the path that

anyone who is seeking to understand their life and the problems in it is following, and it’s

a path that can only ever truly be pursued alone; the path of the enlightened ones. The

second of the hypothetical paths is the path of compassion — it’s the path that anyone

who is seeking meaning in their life is following, and it’s a path that is forced to embrace

suffering and dissatisfaction due to the complexities that arise when other people are in

the picture; the path of the Bodhisattvas.

In the day to day lives of most people, these paths intersect and interact, and they

challenge and contradict each other. Sometimes, we find ourselves looking inwardly, at
our wants and needs, cravings and aversions, trying to satisfy or resist them, working on

ourselves at the expense of the outside world so we can move a little farther along.

Other times, we feel a responsibility towards others. Their problems become our

problems, their joys our joys, and often, we work on them at the expense of ourselves

because without these people all the inward work would feel hollow.

If this is still a little abstract, let’s make it more concrete: Life is ultimately a single-

player game, but the only thing that truly makes it worth living has something to do with

our relationships to other people, and this paradox sits at the core what it means to be a

human being.

And with the paradox, it just shows how we are not perfect. We live in a society

with flaws and aspirations. Not everyone can be fulfilled, but showing your individuality

puts you apart from everyone else keeping your mind sane and having your own creed

beliefs. Though we are only human, our government leaders are not perfect and are

only as ambiguous as the rest of society, it’s our job to get through life knowing what

you personally believe in.