ANGULAR GEARLESS DRIVE USING ELBOW

MECHANISM
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted
In the partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.Tech)
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
K.SAHITHI. [15311A0308]
G.KEERTHI REDDY. [15311A0310]
S.L.S HAMSI . [15311A0315]
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
DR. A. PURUSHOTHAM
PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY(AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated JNTUH: Hyderabad)
Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad – 501 3012,May 2019

1
SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad – 501 301
Date: 03-05-201 9

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “ANGULAR GEARLESS DRIVE
USING ELBOW MECHANISM” being submitted by K.SAHITHI bearing the
Roll No.15311A0308, G.KEERTHI REDDY bearing the Roll No. 15311A0310,
S.L.S HAMSI bearing the Roll No. 15311A0315 in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Technology degree in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
,Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Technology affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad (Telangana), is a record of
bonafide work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision. The results
embodied in the report have not been submitted to any other University or
Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

(Dr. A.PURUSHOTHAM)
Project Guide

2
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work described in this thesis “Angular transmission
gearless drive using elbow mechanism” which is being submitted by us in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute Of Science & Technology affiliated to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad
(Telangana) is the result of investigations carried out by us under the Guidance of
Dr.A.Purushotham, Professor, Department of Mechancial, Sreenidhi Institute Of
Science & Technology , Hyderabad.
Signature

The work is original and has not been submitted for any Degree/Diploma of
this or any other university.

Place: Hyderabad
Date: 02-05-2019

K.SAHITHI [15311A0308]
G.KEERTHI REDDY[15311A0310]
S.L.S HAMSI[15311A0315]

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank Dr.A.Purushotham, Professor, Dept of MECH, Sreenidhi Institute of
Science & Technology, Hyderabad for his valuable comments and suggestions that
greatly helped in improving quality of thesis.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to , Professor, Mechanical
Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad for his
continued support and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to us during
our research work. We thank him for his painstaking efforts to guide us throughout
our research work.

We thank all our teachers and professors for their valuable comments after
reviewing our research papers.

We wish to extend our special thanks to all our colleagues and friends who helped
directly or indirectly to complete our research work.

We extend our thanks to our parents and all our family members for their
unceasing encouragement and support who wished us a lot to complete this work.

K.SAHTIHI
G.KEERTHI REDDY
S.L.S. HAMSI

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 ABSTRACT
The transmission of power with minimum losses is the main criterion for
calculating the efficiency of the machine. Most machines use gear transmission
from inlet to outlet but have the most power loss due to friction. An investigation
in this field has brought new ideas to transmit power using different mechanisms.
This document studies and trains the new mechanism by replacing the bevel gear
with a 90 ° elbow that is used to transmit power. This transmission system
indicates that there is the possibility of transmitting power at a right angle without
gears efficiently. In this work, the power is transmitted with six elbows connected
radially at an angle of 60º to the center of the axis.
However, the major downside of even the most efficient gear drive is the low
efficiency due to errors like backlash and considerable vibrations. These
vibrations engender noisy operation and cause more wear and tear resulting in low
life span. The development of a more efficient multi-angular gearless drive has
been explored relatively unsuccessfully and negligently regardless of its
advantages over both gear drives and simple gearless drives. Recent advances in
technologies, material, analytical modeling and simulation capabilities has opened
the possibility of major advances towards the design and development of a reliable,
cost effective and ultra-efficient multi-angular gearless drive.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO LIST OF FIGURESAND PAGE NO

TABLES
1 INTRODUCTION 7
1.1system study 7
1.2 comparision of gear with 7-8
gearless

2 OBJECTIVES AND 9
METHODOLOGY
2.1Objective 9
2.2 Methodology 9
2.2.1 literature survey 9
2.2.2 design and 9-10
calculations
2.2.3 material selection 10

3 LITERATURE REVIEW 11-14

3.1 Applications 14-15
3.2 Advantages 15

4 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
4.1 Power of motor 16
4.2 Design of shaft 16
4.3 design of hub 16-17

5 DESIGN OF PARTS IN 2D
5.1 diagram of hub 18
5.2 diagram of shaft 19
5.3 diagram of holding plate 19
5.4 3D view of assembly 20
5.5 layout 20

6 WORKING 21

REFERENCES 22

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 CHAPTER1

1.INTRODUCTION
In this day and age, as constrained amount of the assets accessible, it is need to use that assets in
such manner that it gives limit of them. The serious issue for the apparatus transmission is that
the assembling of rigging is intricate procedure which devours additional time and takes
especially exactness and assembling cost is high. The another serious issue is that the
transmission having gear cause the jamming because of the backlash error and creates more
clamor contrasted with different drives because of pitch befuddle. This elbow component is
otherwise called Gearless transmission framework, L-stick system or Orbital transmission
instrument. This elbow component is straightforward in development and can be effectively
made with minor exactness. This instrument is basically utilized in substitution of slope gears
where the movement is to be transmitted at 90⁰. Along these lines, as a rule elbow system point
between pole is taken 90⁰.This component can likewise be utilized to transmit control at different
edge by changing the edge of L-pins or by giving widespread joint at the corner. This instrument
comprise basically 3 L-pins, further increment into L-pins will build the smoothness of the
system.Elbow Mechanism is being minimal and convenient hardware, which is skilful and is
having something practice in the transmitting power at right point with no apparatuses being
fabricated. This component can be utilized for any distance across of the driving and driven
shaft. Most extreme proficiency of apparatus drive is just up to 42% at the same time, by this
instrument we can get up to 90 to 92% of productivity. Gearless elbow instrument takes a shot at
the guideline of slider and kinematic chain rule.
The project “ANGULAR GEARLESS DRIVE USING ELBOW MECHANISM” was being
compact and transportable equipment, which is adroit and is having something, practices in the
conveying power at right angle without any gears being manufactured. The parts can be easily
made in work-shop its price is also less. This project gives us knowledge, experience, skill and
new ideas of the manufacturing. It is a working project and having guarantee of the success. This
project is the equipment useful to improve the quality of the gear being manufactured and can be
made in less time, hence we have selected this project el-bow mechanism is an ingenious link
mechanism of slider and kinematic chain principle. This is also called as “gearless transmission
mechanism” this mechanism is very useful for transmitting motion at right angles. However in
firm industrial application “gearless transmission at right angle” can also work at obtuse or
accurate angle plane can be compared to worm and worm gear or bevel and pinion gear which
are invariably used in the industry for several applications. The key feature for mechanism
comparatively high efficiency between the input and the output power shafts with regards to the
gear efficiency.

1.1SYSTEM STUDY

We have fabricated 3 pin gearless power transmission. gearless power transmission mechanism
is portable and compact equipment. mechanism consist of 2 hubs 3elbow rod 2 shafts motor
(A,c) motor ,belt drive .the motor & belt drive is coupled to the end of any one shaft. as the

7
power is transmission to the shaft from the motor through belt drive the shaft rotates along with
hub the elbow rods placed in the holes of the hubs slides in and out of the both the hubs due to
the power from one shaft is transmitted to the another. in our project is comparing by the bevel
gear mechanism ,comparing both mechanism.

1.2COMPARISON OF GEARED DRIVE WITH GEARLESS DRIVE

COMPARSISON OF GEAR WITH GEARLESS

GEAR SYSTEM GEARLESS SYSTEM
Manufacturing method costly Manufacturing method less costly
Manufacture on special purposed machine No need of special purpose machine
complex calculations simple calculations
No interchangeability freedom of interchangeability
cause of failure- cause of failure-
Pitting , corrosion , erosion and fatigue Pitting , corrosion , erosions and fatigue
have saver effect have effect less severely
Replacement of entire gear sets needs to Replacement of defected pins only
be done
lubrication and cooling- lubrication and cooling-
complex system Simple
cooling is big issue Easy to cool
Torque transmitting capacity Torque transmitting capacity
Used in high torque applications low torque applications

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 CHAPTER2
2.OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT & METHODOLOGY
2.1OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of the project is to obtain the most optimal design for the Multi-Angular
Gearless drive. The second most important objective is to discover its scope and applications.

2.2METHODOLOGY :

LITERATURE SURVEY

DESIGN DETAILS AND CALCULATIONS

MATERIAL SELECTION

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY

RESULTS

2.2.1LITERATURE SURVEY :

Before starting every project literature survey should be done so as to

demonstrate the knowledge of available sources, identifying the main methodologies and
techniques that have been used.

2.2.2DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS :

9
 After deciding about the project, the next step is to perform design calculations
.Design should be done carefully considering all relevant factors. Detailed specification of the
dimensions should be mentioned.

2.2.3MATERIAL SELECTION:
The list of material required for manufacturing is to be prepared. Availability of
these materials are surveyed and purchased from the market.

S.NO NAME OF MATERIALS QUANTITY

PARTS
1 SHAFT MILD 1
STEEL(45C8)
2 HUB MILD 2
STEEL(45C8)
3 LINKS MILD STEEL 4
4 BALL BEARING STEEL 2

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 CHAPTER3
3.LITERATURE:
R. Somraj et al. [1] Analyzed the Design and Fabrication of Gearless Transmission For Skew
Shafts. 3 Nos. of L-pin rods were used. Overall mechanism is considered to be running on 0.25
HP motor with 140 RPM and Torque of 1238 N-mm. Design of Hub is done by Considering a hub
of internal diameter is 32mm and outer diameter is 92mm, length is 82mm. Design of shaft was
done by taking maximum tensile stress of 60 N/mm2 and maximum shear stress of 40 N/mm2 .
Diameter of elbow rods was 8mm. It Was Concluded that given arrangement can be used for
any set of diameters with any profile of shafts A review paper on design and analysis of gearless
transmission mechanism… 35 for skew shafts of any angle but the shaft’s must be having the
rotational motion about his own axis, transmission of motion is very smooth and desirable and
used only for the equal R.P.M. of driving shaft and driven shaft by employing links or given type
of links for appropriate joints for revolute pair. It was also found that successful mechanical
devices function smoothly however poor fly they are made while other does this only by virtue
of an accurate construction & fitting of their moving parts. Neeraj Patil e t al.

[2] Researched on Gearless Transmission Mechanism and its Applications. link of C-45 was used.
Links bent at required angle slide inside the holes in the hub Mechanism can transmit at any
angle 0 to 180.The mechanism is studied and a possible go-kart transmission layout is
fabricated and few future applications are suggested. Into This weight of model along with rider
Assumed 1500 N. Kart was loaded with 4 Nos. of tires each with 375 N of load. Coefficient of
friction between road and tire was Considered 0.7. Tire of radius 0.1778m Taken. Torque
required to move Was 46.67 N-m with Torque on each link 15.55 N-m Tangential force of
311.15N was acting on links. Diameter of each link was 10mm. After study of the mechanism it
was concluded that this mechanism is mainly applicable to low cost applications where torque
is low to medium. With future development in low friction materials (graphene coating) and
stronger composite materials, the efficiency and capacity of this mechanism can be increased.
Also if instead of bent links, bolted links or links held by universal joints are used then
transmission is possible even when angle changes on the go.

Ashish Kumar et al. [3] performed study on Multi Angular Gearless Drive. The mechanism was
loaded with 3 Nos. of L-pins. Parts of mechanism were modeled on Solid Works and The
analysis of the mechanism was carried out on ANSYS. The study of mechanism was carried with
0.63 Moment of Inertia (Provided by Solid Works). Behavior of system is plotted on different
charts i.e. Velocity vs. Time, Acceleration vs. Time, Angular Acceleration vs. Time, Separation
Distance vs. Time. From This it was concluded that The final design thus obtained is capable of
transmitting torque and power at varied angles depending on the angular limitation of the

11
hooks joint. With further research and advanced analysis in the design wide -ranging
applications of the drive can be discovered.

Solanki Nehal et al. [4] studied Design And Analysis Of Gearless Transmission Through Elbow
Mechanism which can be used into the replacement of the bevel gears. 4 Nos. of L-pins was
used into this fabricated model. With input of 1HP motor. Links of 10mm diameter were used
of S.S , M.S material. Shafts are rotating with speed of 1440 RPM and 4947.066 N.mm of
Torque. Stimulation is done by the ANSYS 16.2 and analysis of mechanism was done at
50,100,150,200 RPM for both the material. It is been concluded from that analysis that the 36
Yasarkhan, S.Raihan, P.Pankil, P.Hiren and Devendra Patel mechanism with 6 elbow rods made
up of mild steel material is works perfectly. The mechanism runs smoothly when it is kept at
150 RPM Also it can be concluded that as the no of elbow rods increases smoother the
operation would be. Shiv Pratap Yadav et al.

[5] performed Real time Study for Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Gearless Power
Transmission by using Elbow Mechanism. They used 3 Nos. Of elbow rods i nclined to the
90⁰.Modeling and rendering of mechanism is done into the CATIA V5 and the analysis was
carried on ANSYS. The mechanism was working between 80 to 100 RPM. after this it was
concluded that It has a high scope in future to replace the cumbersome usage of gears which
will be replaced simple, elegant usage of the shafts that will change the overall cost
management of the industries using gear technology presently to gain more profits.
Navneet Baradiya et al. [6] had done Analysis and Simulation of Gearless Transmission
Mechanism. The system is to be analyzed in Solid Works package software to watch the
response of the elbow rods and the also the hub (coupled with shaft). Motion analysis is
performed by running the mechanism at 15 revolutions per minute and higher speeds, reaction
forces and reaction moment are plotted against clock run of 5 seconds by using post processor.
Theoretical calculations are made to obtain allowable stress by making use of design data
values. As a result, response of elbow rod and hub is investigated to find the permissible speed
of mechanism. Elbow rods of diameter 7.55mm of stainless steel were used. It is Concluded
that for smooth and safe running of mechanism it should be kept below 140 rpm. With this
study it is concluded that gearless transmission mechanism is capable of running up to 120 rpm
under normal conditions. Further fatigue analysis are recommended for gearless transmission
mechanism.

Amit kumar et al. [7] Introduced gearless power transmission arrangement used for skew
shafts. 3 Nos. of L-pins were used and the elbow mechanism was compared with S-R-R-S links.
During working on experimental it is concluded that proposed arrangement used for any set of
diameters with any profile of shafts for skew shafts of any angle but the shaft’s must be having
the rotational motion about his own axis, transmission of motion is very smooth and desirable
and used only for the equal R.P.M. of driving shaft and driven shaft by employing pins or given
type of links for appropriate joints for revolute pair.

12
 Jagushte G. S et al. [8] had done research about Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Gearless
Transmission by Elbow Mechanism. This system was loaded with 3 L-pins each at 1200 of the
cylindrical disc. The L-pins are made up of the Stainless Steel (X6cr17). The rod diameter was
taken 12.6mm. part modeling was done in Solid Works and Analysis is carried on Autodesk
Inventor (2016).It Was A review paper on design and analysis of gearless transmission
mechanism… 37 Concluded after analysis and Fabrication 140rpm to 160rpm is safe for gearless
transmission system. Thus simulation results satisfy motion analysis results. Also The model
works correctly as per the design. With the help of this system, we can efficiently reduce the
cost in power transmission and Further advancement in this technology can be made.

Mahantesh Tanodi et al. [9] Researched about Gearless Power TransmissionOffset Parallel
Shaft Coupling. 4 holes were drilled into the shafts and Z-links were inserted into the each hole
on shafts. This paper was part of a study investigating the Gearless power transmission for
parallel shafts. Gearless Transmission which is compact and portable equipment, which is
skillful and is having something practice in the transmitting power between parallel shafts
without any gears being used. This Couplings for parallel shaft gives variety of displacement and
torque from a minimum of 1 to 500 mm and from 5.4 to 80000 Nm respectively. Analysis of Z-
pins done for the different angles and variation in length of pins is checked. By the geometric
analysis of configuration it was analyzed that the size of the Z-link connector decreases, as the
off-set to shift ratio increases. And hence the strength of the connector comes down. Hence it
is advisable to maintain smaller offset to shift ratio for the rigid and stronger Z-link connector.
By this study they have concluded that hat the proposed conceptual design can be applied for
the transmission of power between two parallel shafts having proper shi ft and off-set by
employing different geometries of Z-pins
Anand C. Mattikalli et al. [10] researched on Gearless Power Transmission- L Pin Coupling. 4
pins are used for each 45⁰ , 90⁰ , 135⁰.The design was checked by varying the Nos. of pins from
1 to 4 and to find out the optimum Nos. of pins used for better transmission. Analysis is done in
CATIA V5. Analysis is done only for two intersecting shafts. At the end of the study By CATIA®
analysis, It can be concluded from the results that the proposed conceptual design can be
applied for the transmission of power between two Intersecting shafts having proper angular
misalignment by employing different geometries of L-pins and it is found that minimum
number of L-Pins required are 3, for continuous smooth power transmission.

Atish Lahu Patil et al. [11] had studied Gearless Mechanism in Right Angle . The mechanism was
consisting 3 pins bent equally at 90⁰ . It was found from study that the more the Nos. of link will
make the operation smoother. The pins were made up of bright bar with a excellent surface
finish. The wood cutter was mounted on the output shaft which can cut up to 250mm width of
wooden sheet. By working on experimental setup and after a long Study it is Concluded that
proposed arrangement used for any set of diameters with any profile of shafts for skew shafts
of any angle but the shaft’s must be having the rotational motion about his own axis,
transmission of motion is very smooth and desirable and used 38 Yasarkhan, S.Raihan, P.Pankil,

13
P.Hiren and Devendra Patel only for the equal R.P.M. of driving shaft and driven shaft by
employing links or given type of links for appropriate joints for revolute pair.

M. Lokesh et al. [12] had fabricated model for Gearless Power Transmission Mechanism using 6
Elbow Rods. From the study it is been stated that this mechanism can transmit the power with
92% of efficiency. The mechanism was consisting 6 Nos. of L pins bent equally at 90⁰. The
compressor and pump also introduced into project when the links inside the drilled holes
reciprocates as well rotate inside cylinder. It gives pumping and compression effect. Among the
6 links first pin goes at inner dead center it sucks the air and start moving outer dead center
when further revolving. After study it was concluded that Elbow transmission mechanism is
possible in almost for short lengths and also it is suitable for medium length by increasing the
housing diameter and The setup indicates that by increasing the elbow a rod in account increases the
smoothness of the transmission also The absence of friction ultimately raises the efficiency of the
mechanism.

Amit Kumar et al. [13] Presented An Arrangement for Power Transmission Between Co -Axial
Shafts of Different Diameter. In that arrangement motion is transmitted between the co -axial
18 shafts of different diameters. Up to 8 Nos. of pins was used. If more pins used motion will be
smoother, but increase in no. of pins not at the cost of strength of shaft. Holes drilled very
accurately & the axis of both the shafts was co-axial. The designed arrangement can be work
for parallel shaft displacement up to 500 mm and torque capacities from 5.4 to 80000 Nm. It
was concluded that the Proposed arrangement can be used for any set of diameters with any
profile of shafts but the shaft’s must be co-axial and having rotational motion along the
common axis, transmission of motion is very smooth and desirable and used only for the equal
R.P.M. of driving shaft and driven shaft by employing different geometries of Z-pins and Elbow
pins or link.

3.1. APPLICATIONS
The featured product has its widest application as an extension for a socket
wrench. Here the design makes it easy to reach fasteners in the automotive and
other mechanical industries, where direct access to bolts and screws is often
limited. However, the possible applications for this technology extend into
numerous fields. Just think of the possibilities for power transmission in push
bikes, toys and hand cranked equipment, or for movement transmission in store
and outdoor signage.

1. Driving for all kinds four faced tower clocks. The elbow mechanism was
first used in the year 1685 for the famous London tower clock named big ben.

2. The mechanism is invariable used for multiple spindle drilling operation

14
called the gang drilling.

3. Used for angular drilling between 0 to 90 degree position.

4. Lubrication pump for C.N.C. lathe machines.

5. The mechanism is very useful for a reaching a drive at a clumsy location.

6. Air blower for electronic and computer machine’s.

7. The elbow mechanism is used for movement of periscope in submarines.

3.2.ADVANTAGES

1) Mechanism is very simply due to elimination of value mechanisms.

2) Mechanism is small.

3) No crank & crank shaft are necessary.

4) Lesser vibration because the reciprocating force are perfectly balanced.

5) Smooth & high speed operation can be easily obtained by cause of elimination
of the value setting linkage.

6) Complete freedom of Interchangeability.

7) Power could be transferred to any desired angle.

8) Low cost manufacturing.

9) Simple cooling system.

10) Portability of parts.

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 CHAPTER4

4.DESIGN CALCULATIONS
4.1.POWER OF MOTOR
Power,p=2ΠNT/60
P=746*0.25
P=186 watts

T=P*60/2Πn
T=1.6971 N-m
Torque , T=1697.143 N-mm

4.2.DESIGN OF SHAFT
Considering 25% of overload
Tmax=T×1.25
=2545.7145
T=(π/16)×Ґ×d^3 [Shear stressҐ=40N/mm^2]

d=6mm
Taking factor of safety=2
d=d×2
d=12 mm

4.3.DESIGN OF HUB
Dia of hub
D=2d+13
=64
D=65 mm

16
Force acting on hub
T=F×r
F=T/r
F=78.32 N

17
 CHAPTER5
5.DESIGN OF PARTS IN 2D
5.1Diagram of hub

18
5.2.Diagram of shaft

5.3.Diagram of holding plate

19
5.4 3D VIEW OF DESIGN ASSEMBLY

5.5LAYOUT OF PROJECT

20
 CHAPTER6

6.WORKING
The Gearless transmission or Elbow mechanism is a device for transmitting
motions at any fixed angle between the driving and driven shaft. The synthesis of
this mechanism would disclose that it comprises of a number of pins would be
between3 to 8 the more the pins the smoother the operation. These pins slide inside
hollow cylinders thus formatting a sliding pair. Our mechanism has 3 such sliding
pairs. These cylinders are placed in a hollow pipe and are fastened at 120* to each
other. This whole assembly is mounted on brackets wooden table. Power is
supplied by an electric motor.

The working of the mechanism is understood by the diagram. An unused

form of transmission of power on shaft located at an angle. Motion is transmitted
from driving to the driven shaft through the rods which are bent to conform to the
angles between the shafts. These rods are located at the holes equally spacedaround
a circle and they are free to slide in & out as the shaft revolves. This type of
drive is especially suitable where quite operation at high speed is essential but only
recommended for high duty. The operation of this transmission will be apparent by
the action of one rod during a revolution. If we assume that driving shaft “A” is
revolving as indicated by arrow the driven shaft B will rotate counter clockwise.
As shaft A turns through half revolution C shown in the inner and most effective
driving position slides out of both shafts A & B. The first half revolution and rod
“C” then will be at the top then during the remaining half this rod “C” slide in
wards until it again reaches to inner most position shown in Fig. in the meanwhile
the other rods have of course passed through the same cycle of movements all rods
are successively sliding inwards and outwards.

Although this transmission is an old one many mechanics are skeptical about
its operation, however it is not only practicable but has proved satisfactory for
various applications when the drive is for shafts which are permanently located at
given angle. Although this illustration shows a right angle transmission this drive
can be applied also to shafts located at intermediate angle between 0* and 90*.In
making this transmission, it is essential to have the holes for a given rod located
accurately in the same holes must be equally spaced in radial and circumferential
directions, each rod should be bent to at angle at which the shaft are to be located.
If the holes drilled in the ends of the shafts have “blind” or closed ends, there ought

21
to be a small vent at the bottom of each rod hole for the escape of air compressed
by the pumping action of the rods. These holes are useful for oiling to avoid blind
holes shafts may have enlarged port or shoulder. This transmission may be
provided centrally and in line with the axis of each shaft and provided with a
circular groove at each rod or a cross-pin to permit rotation of the shaft about the
rod simply active as a retaining device for shipping and handling purpose.

REFERENCES
[1]Nannette Bardiya, karthik.T, L Bhaskara Rao, “Analysis and Simulation of Gearless
Transmission Mechanism", International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM)
Volume 1, Issue 6, September 2014,pp- 136-142.

[2]Neeraj Patil , Jayesh Gaikwad „Gearless Transmission Mechanism and its Applications-
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO
3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017 pp-4772-4477

[3] Jagushte G. S,Kudalkar Hrishikesh Patil Vikas, Varak Vishal‟; Design, Analysis and Fabrication
of Gearless Transmission by Elbow Mechanism IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific
Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 02, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 pp-668-669.

[4]M. Lokesh, R. Ranjith Kumar1, R. Revanth, K. Renugadevi2 and S. Ramesh’ Gearless Power
Transmission Mechanism using 6 Elbow Rods-International Advanced Research Journal in
Science, Engineering and Technology ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2017 pp -3-6.

[5] R. SOMRAJ1, B. SAILESH2 Design And Fabrication Of Gearless Power Transmission For Skew
Shafts International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e -ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 pp-1018-1023.
[6] R.S. Khurmi and J.K Gupta, “Theory of machines”, S. Chand publications, Hyderabad, 2nd
edition, 2008, Page.no: 569
[7] PSG Design data book by Dr. P. Mahadevan.
[8] R. M. Jadeja , D. M. Chauhan, and A Review on Design, “Analysis and Manufacturing of
Spiral Bevel Gear”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol: 02 Issue
4 April 2013.
[9] Gearless transmission for speed reduction through rolling motion induced by wobbing
motion, US patent no. 6,113,511,September 5, 2000.
[10] Gadhia Utsav D., Quarter Model of Wagon Suspension, analysised by using ADAMS,
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol.1 Issue July 5,2012.

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