“ENERGY EFFICIENT CONVENTIONAL BUILDING

DESIGN USING BIM”

Under the guidance

Prof. S.A.Kambli
CONTENTS
Introduction
Objective
Methodology
AutoCAD
Revit Architecture
Etabs
Conclusion
Reference
 INTRODUCTION
 Any building is made up of structural elements.
 The function of structural elements is to resist
effectively the action of gravitational and
environmental loads, and to transmit the resulting
forces to the supporting ground.
 In order to reduce the cost and energy demand
for the occupants, the concept of energy
efficient building is proposed.
Continued….
The energy efficiency factors in buildings vary
according to geography, climate, building type
and location.
The structural safety of the individual members
depends primarily on the theoretical analysis and
the codes of practice .
Conventional building is a place where
individuals and groups gather to promote and
share common interests.
 The project has a builtup area of each floor as
432sq.m
 The project deals with the analysis and design of
the Conventional Hall with special emphasis on
slabs, beams, columns, footing and staircase.
Building Information Modeling is combination
of various software’s, helps us to maintain
accurate information, to streamline work flows.
Software’s to be used in the project are:
 AutoCAD
 Revit Architecture
 ETABS
 OBJECTIVE
The main objectives of the project are:

Plan a conventional building according to

various needs using AutoCAD.

The approach is to understand various methods

of analysis and design of a structure using
software ETABS.

To compare the computer aided results with the

conventional methods.
 To create a 3D architectural model by using
REVIT software and to support Building
Information Modelling (BIM) workflows.
 
To gather and communicate the data and
information more efficiently using BIM.
 
 METHODOLOGY

There are three methods for design of reinforced

concrete structures:

1.Working stress method

2. Ultimate load method
3.Limit state method
1)Working stress method
A method which limits the structural usefulness of the
material of the structure upto a certain load at which
maximum stress in extreme fibre reaches the characteristic
strength of material in bending.
The main drawbacks of this method are as follows:
1.It assumes that concrete is elastic which is not true as the
concrete behaves in elastically even on low level of
stresses.
2. It uses factor of safety for stresses only and not for loads.
There is no provision for the uncertainities associated with
the estimation of loads.
3.This method gives uneconomical sections.
4.It pays no attention to the conditions that arise at the time
of collapse.

 
2)LIMIT STATE METHOD:
A method which limits the structural usefulness of
material of structure up to a certain load at which
acceptable limit of safety and serviceability are
applied so that the failure of structure does not
occur.
limit states are classified as,
1)Limit state of collapse, and
2) Limit state of serviceability.
1)Some of the important limit states of collapse are:
Failure of one or more critical section in flexure,
shear, torsion or due to their combination
Failure due to fatigue under repeated loads
 Failure due to bond and anchorage failure of
reinforcement
Failure due to elastic instability of structural
members
Failure due to impact, earthquake, fire or frost
Failure due to destructive effects of chemicals,
corrosion of reinforcement
2)Limit state of serviceability
Deflection
Cracking
Vibration
 AUTOCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial computer aided design
and drafting software application.

AutoCAD Architecture permits architectural

designers to draw 3D objects with more intelligent
data.
How AutoCAD works
AutoCAD is three dimensional . Even 2D objects
can also be drawn by using two dimensions x and
y.
In AutoCAD, the coordinate system is known as
World Coordinate System(WCS).
The Commands are used such as copy, move,
rotate, mirror in 2D, array etc.
Hatching is used to add shaded patterns to
objects. It is used to indicate a material to be used
such as concrete ,bricks hatch etc.
General Details:
Type of structure : Conventional Building
Number of storey : G+2
Shape of the building : Rectangular
Height of each floor : 4m for storey 1 and storey 2
: 3m for storey 3
Height of plinth level : 0.75m
Sill level : 0.9m
Lintel level : 2.4m
Depth of foundation : 1.5m
Wall thickness : 230mm thick including
plaster
Material : Concrete M20 mix and Steel
Fe 415
PLAN OF BUILDING
Components of the building :
Ground floor :
PARTICULARS NO. SIZE (m) AREA (sq.m)

Dining hall 1 286.80

Kitchen 1 3.77 X 5.22 19.68
Utility 1 3.77 X 1.92 7.24
Store room 1 3.54 X 3.44 12.18
Bathroom 4 0.9 X0.9 0.81
Staircase 2 3.77 X 4.75 17.91
Lobby 1 3.77 X 8.04 30.31
Entrance 1 2.00 X 3.85 7.71
Canopy 1 5.00 X 8.67 43.35
First floor:

PARTICULARS NO. SIZE (m) AREA (sq.m)

Stage 1 5.0 X 10.5 52.5

Bride room 1 3.62 X 3.52 12.74
Groom room 1 3.62 X 3.22 11.65
Staircase 2 3.77 X 4.75 17.91
Lobby 1 3.77 X 8.04 30.31
Open hall 1 14.54 X 17.54 255.03
Second floor:
PARTICULARS NO. SIZE (m) AREA ( sq.m)

Bed room 1 4 3.77 X 3.44 12.97

Bed room 2 1 3.54 X 3.44 12.18

Bed room 3 1 3.54 X 3.14 11.12

Bed room 4 5 3.77 X 3.14 11.84

Bathroom 11 1.50 X 0.9 1.35

Staircase 1 3.77 X 4.75 17.91

Revit architecture
Autodesk Revit is building information modelling
software for architects, landscape architects, structural
engineers, MEP engineers, designers and contractors
developed by Autodesk.
It allows users to design a building and structure and its
components in 3-D, annotate the model with 2-D drafting
elements and access building information from the
building models database.
Revit is 4-D BIM capable with tools to plan and track
various stages in the buildings lifecycle from concept to
construction and later maintenance and/or demolition.
 Flow chart of REVIT
Pick line
REVIT New template
method

Floor
Establish walls Import plan
architecture

Roof by Architectural Doors

Stair by sketch
footprint and windows

Carry required Automatic or sketch

components using load Paint the model
ceiling
family

Rendering the Energy

model analysis
Model designed using revit

3D view of the building Side view of the building

Rendered Images of the model

A view of Hall A view of Dining area

Building Information Modeling
BIM( Building Information Modeling) is an
intelligent 3-D model-based process that gives
architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC)
professionals the insight and tools to more
efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage
buildings and infrastructure
 E TABS
 The ultimate integrated software for the structural
analysis and design of buildings.
 ETABS stands for Extended Three Dimensional
Analysis of Building System.
 Modelling can be done with various standard
codes with accurate results.
 The analysis shall be carried out for the dead
loads including floor finishes, live loads and wall
loads
Design standards

IS: 456-2000
Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete
amended
IS: 875-1987 (Part I)
Dead loads: code of practice for buildings and
structures – Densities of building materials and stored
materials
SP: 16-1980
Design aids for reinforced concrete
Flow chart of ETABS
Base units and Set up grid
ETABS
design codes lines

Draw structural Define section Define story

objects properties levels

Assign Define load

Select objects properties patterns

View and Edit the model Assign loads and define

analyse model geometry combinations

Display results Design model

3D view of the structure

Structure geometry Deflection of structure

Display of results

Graphical form Tabular form

Structural components
Slab:

 A slab is flat two-dimensional, planar structural element

having thickness small compared to its two dimensions.

 Reinforced concrete slabs covers relatively large area

compared to beams or columns.

 It supports transverse loads and transfers them to the

supports primarily by bending action in one or more
direction.
DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
GIVEN DATA:
Panal number =5-(B-C)-2
Short span ( Lx ) =4m
Longer span ( Ly ) = 10.8 m
Stress in steel ( Fy) =415 N/mm^2
Characteristic strength ( Fck )= 20 N/mm^2
Wall thickness =230 mm
Clear Cover = 20 mm
Ly/Lx ratio =2.7
Type of Slab =ONE WAY SLAB
DEPTH AND EFFECTIVE SPAN:
Depth ( d= Lx / 26 ) =153.85 mm
Depth provided, d = 160 mm
Over all depth,(D= d + clear cover ) =180 mm
Effective span, L =4 m

LOAD CALCULATION :
Live load on the slab (LL) = 4 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2
Dead load on the slab (DL = 25*b*D) =4.5 KN/m2
Total load (TL) = 10 KN/m2
Factored Load ,Wu = 1.5* TL =15 KN/m2
BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS:
Mu =Wu*L^2/8 =30 KNm
Mu lim = 0.138*fck*b*d2 =68.096 KNm
If( Mu lim > Mu ,URS,ORS) =Under reinforced section
Required Depth , d reqd = sqrt (Mu/ 0.138*fck*b) =106.19 mm
If ( d req < d, safe ,unsafe) =Safe

Calculation of Ast :
x = 4.6Mux/fckbd^2 =0.26953125
y = 1- sqrt (1-x) = 0.145325354
z = 0.5*fck/fy*y*b*d =560.2905226
Area of steel required , Ast=z = 560.3 mm2
1) Main reinforcement:
Providing X mm dia of bars = 10 mm
Area of X bars= 3.142*X^2/4 =78.55 mm2
Spacing provided= 1000* Area of X bars/(Ast req) =140.19mm
spacing provided = 150 mm
.: Provide 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 2)

2) Distribution Reinforcement:
Ast min=.12*b*D/100 =216 mm2
Providing X mm dia of bars = 8 mm
Area of X bars= 3.142*X^2/4 =50.272 mm2
Spacing provided= 1000* Area of X bars/(Ast req) =
232.74mm
spacing provided =200mm
.: Provide 8 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
GIVEN DATA:
Panal number = S2
Short span ( Lx ) = 3.6m
Longer span ( Ly ) =4m
Stress in steel ( Fy) =415 N/mm^2
Characteristic strength ( Fck )= 20 N/mm^2
Wall thickness =230 mm
Clear Cover = 20 mm
Ly/Lx ratio =1.12
Type of Slab =TWO WAY SLAB
DEPTH AND EFFECTIVE SPAN:
Depth ( d= Lx / 26 ) =138.47 mm
Depth provided, d = 140 mm
Over all depth,(D= d + clear cover ) =160 mm
Effective span, L =3.6m

LOAD CALCULATION :
Live load on the slab (LL) = 4 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2
Dead load on the slab (DL = 25*b*D) =4.5 KN/m2
Total load (TL) = 9.5KN/m2
Factored Load ,Wu = 1.5* TL =14.25 KN/m2
BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS:
B.M coefficients :
Edge conditions = Two adjecent edges discontinuous
From I.S code 456 :2000 , Table 26
ax- = 0.06
ax+ =0.045
ay- = 0.047
ay+ =0.035
B.M in short span direction, Mx- =11.0808 KNm
B.M in short span direction, Mx+ = 8.3106 KNm
B.M in longer span direction, My- =8.67996 KNm
B.M in longer span direction, My+ = 6.4638 KNm
B.M in short span direction, Mux =11.0808 KNm
B.M in longer span direction, Muy = 8.67996 KNm
Bending Moment, Mu = max ( Mux ,Muy) =11.0808 KNm
Mu lim = 0.138*fck*b*d2 =52.136 KNm
If( Mu lim > Mu ,URS,ORS) = Under reinforced section
Required Depth , d reqd = sqrt (Mu/ 0.138*fck*b)
=64.5423449 mm
If ( d req < d, safe ,unsafe) =Safe

Calculation of Ast :
a) Reinforcement in Shorter direction, Astx
x = 4.6Mux/fckbd^2 =0.130029796
y = 1- sqrt (1-x) =0.067278067
z = 0.5*fck/fy*y*b*d =226.9621541
Area of steel required , Ast=z =227 mm2
Minimum Area of steel , Ast min =0.12*b*D/100 =192 mm2
If( Ast req < Ast min," Ast min", "Ast req") =Provide Ast required
Ast min or Ast req = 227 mm2
Spacing for shorter span :
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =8 mm
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =50.272 mm2
Spacing, Sv =( Ast/bar) / Ast *1000 = 221.47 mm
Spacing provided , Sv =200 mm
Ast provided =( Area/bar)/ Sv *1000 =251.36 mm2
if(Ast prov> Ast req,"safe","unsafe") = safe
.: Provide 8mm bars @ 200 mm c/c
Check for shear stress
Vu = Wu*Lx/2 =25.65 KN
Tv=Vu/bd_n/mm^2 =3.591
pt=100Ast/bd =0.18
from IS 456-2000, Tc is = 0.28
if Tc<Tv,Design for shear reinforcement =Yes
Provide_ 8 mm_dia_bars_& 2 leg stirrup `
Area/bar_astv=2*pi/4*da^2 =100.544 mm2
Stirrup spacing
Sv1=astv*.87fy/(.4b)_mm =90.76 mm
Sv2=.75d_mm =105 mm
Sv3 =150mm
Stirrup_spacing=min(sv1,sv2,sv3) =90.76 mm
.: Provide 10 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
Calculation of Ast :
a) Reinforcement in Shorter direction, AstY
x = 4.6Mux/fckbd^2 =0.10185
y = 1- sqrt (1-x) =0.05229576
z = 0.5*fck/fy*y*b*d =176.4194313
Area of steel required , Ast= z =176.5 mm2
Minimum Area of steel , Ast min =0.12*b*D/100 =192 mm2
If( Ast req < Ast min," Ast min", "Ast req") =Provide Ast
minimum
Ast min or Ast req = 192 mm2
Spacing for longer span :
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =8 mm
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =50.272 mm2
Spacing, Sv =( Ast/bar) / Ast *1000 = 261.8333mm
Spacing provided , Sv =250 mm
Ast provided =( Area/bar)/ Sv *1000 =201.09 mm2
if(Ast prov> Ast req,"safe","unsafe") = safe
.: Provide 8mm bars @ 200 mm c/c
Check for shear stress
Vu = Wu*Lx/2 =14.7583 KN
Tv=Vu/bd_n/mm^2 =2.06617
pt=100Ast/bd =0.15
from IS 456-2000, Tc is = 0.28
if Tc<Tv,Design for shear reinforcement =Yes
Provide_ 8 mm_dia_bars_& 2 leg strip
Area/bar_astv=2*pi/4*da^2 =100.544 mm2
Stirrup spacing
Sv1=astv*.87fy/(.4b)_mm =90.76 mm
Sv2=.75d_mm =105 mm
Sv3 =150mm
Strap_spacing=min(sv1,sv2,sv3) =90.76 mm
.: Provide 10 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
Beam:

 The beams are defined as the structural members

subjected to transverse load that provides bending
moments and shear forces along their length.
 Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but
can also be used to carry horizontal loads.
 The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns,
walls or girders, which transfer the force to adjacent
structural compression members.
 The beams are simply supported, over hanging,
cantilever, fixed and continuous depending upon the
nature of end condition and supports.
DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED
BEAM
DATA:
Beam Name = D(6-5)
Grade of concrete (fck) =20 N/mm2
Grade of steel (fy) =415 N/mm2
Width of beam (b) = 230 mm
Depth of beam (D) = 450 mm
Effective cover (d') = 50 mm
Effective Depth (d) =400 mm
d'/d ratio =0.07
Based on d’/d ratio and fy values, fsc =353 N/mm2
Density of concrete =25 kN
Load Calculations:
self wt_=bDq =2.5875 kN/m2
Live Load LL =4 kN/m2
Total load_TL_ = 6.5875 kN/m2
Factored load_W=1.5TL =9.88125 kN/m2

BM&SF:
Mu =90.3258 kNm
Vu =85.8006 kN
BEAM TYPE:
Mulim=.138fckbd^2 =101.57 kNm
if(Mulim>MU,srb,drb) = srb
beam type = srb
TENSION REINFORCEMENT_AST:
Reinforcement in Tension zone:
Ast1 = 625.76 mm2
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =20
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =314.2
No. of bars N=Ast/Area/bar =2
Check for shear stress:
Tv=Vu/bd_ =149.22 N/mm^2
pt=100Ast/bd =0.17
from IS 456-2000, Tc is = 0.69 N/mm^2
if Tc<Tv,Design for shear reinforcement =Yes
Provide_ 8 mm_dia_bars_& 2 leg strip
Area/bar_astv=2*pi/4*da^2 =100.544 mm2
Stirrup spacing
Sv1=astv*.87fy/(.4b) =394.59 mm
Sv2=.75d_ =300 mm
Sv3 =150mm
Stirrup_spacing=min(sv1,sv2,sv3) =150 mm
.: Provide 10 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
Check for deflection:
(L/d)basic =20
kt =1.05
Kc =1
kf =1
(L/d)actual =21
(L/d)max=L/d basic*kt*kc*kf =21
Deflection control L/d mx=> L/d actual =satisfactory
satisfactory
DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM

DATA:
Beam Name =C
Grade of concrete (fck) =20 N/mm2
Grade of steel (fy) =415 N/mm2
Width of beam (b) = 230 mm
Depth of beam (D) = 450 mm
Effective cover (d') = 50 mm
Effective Depth (d) =700mm
d'/d ratio =0.07
Based on d’/d ratio and fy values, fsc =353 N/mm2
Density of concrete =25 kN
Load Calculations:
self wt_=bDq =4.3125 kN/m2
Live Load LL =4 kN/m2
Total load_TL_ = 8.3125 kN/m2
Factored load_W=1.5TL =12.46875 kN/m2

BM&SF:
Mu =503.3185 kNm
Vu =308.3715 kN
BEAM TYPE:
Mulim=.138fckbd^2 =311.06 kNm
if(Mulim>MU,srb,drb) = drb
beam type = drb
TENSION REINFORCEMENT_AST:
Reinforcement in Tension zone:
Ast1 =1992.49 mm2
fsc = 353 N/mm2
Asc =837.92 mm2
Ast2 = 819.24 mm2
Ast= Ast1+Ast2 =2811.73 mm2
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =25
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =490.9375
No. of bars N=Ast/Area/bar =6
Check for shear stress:
Tv=Vu/bd_ =938.53 N/mm^2
pt=100Ast/bd =1.75
from IS 456-2000, Tc is = 0.678 N/mm^2
if Tc<Tv,Design for shear reinforcement =Yes
Provide_ 8 mm_dia_bars_& 2 leg strip
Area/bar_astv=2*pi/4*da^2 =100.544 mm2
Stirrup spacing
Sv1=astv*.87fy/(.4b) =394.59 mm
Sv2=.75d_ =300 mm
Sv3 =150mm
Strap_spacing=min(sv1,sv2,sv3) =150 mm
.: Provide 10 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c
Check for deflection:
(L/d)basic =20
kt =1.05
Kc =1
kf =1
(L/d)actual =21
(L/d)max=L/d basic*kt*kc*kf =21
Deflection control L/d mx=> L/d actual =satisfactory
satisfactory
Columns:

 A column forms a very important component of a

structure.

 Columns support beams which in turn support walls and

slabs.

 It should be realized that the failure of a column results

in the collapse of the structure.
DESIGN OF COLUMN
DATA:
Size of Column = 230 mm X 675 mm
Grade of concrete (fck) =20 N/mm2
Grade of steel (fy) =415 N/mm2
clear cover (d') = 40 mm
d'/D ratio =0.06
From ETABS Pu & Mu values are taken.
Pu =1547.91 kN
Mu =151.846 kNm
CALCULATIONS:
Step 1: From the obtained Mu & Pu values , calculate the
following
Pu/fck*b*D =0.49867
Mu/fck*b*D2 =0.000738
Step 2: Obtain P/fck value from SP: 16 charts with reference
to d'/D Ratio, Grade of the steel =0.06
Step 3: From obatined P/fck value, P is determined P= 1.2 kN
Step 4: Area of the reinforcement is calculated using
Asc = PbD/100 =1863 mm2
Step 5: Assume dia of bars and calculate no. of bars by using:
The assumed dia of bars are= 20
Area of bars = 3.142*d^2/4 =314.2 mm2
No. of bars = Asc/ Area of bars = 6
Step 6: From the calculated no. of bars, area of reinforcement
provided is evaluated:
Asc = 3.142*d^2*No. of bars/4 = 1885.2 mm2
Step 7: Lateral ties:
a) Spacing of lateral ties
1) Least lateral dimension of compression member = 230
2) 16 times the smallest diameter = 16*d = 320
3) 300 mm 300
Spacing provided = min ( 1,2 ,3) = 230
b) Diameter of lateral ties =8
1) d' > 1/4 d =5
2) d' > 6mm =6
.: Provide 8 @ 230 mm c/c
Footings:

 Isolated footings for the substructure is designed in the

proposed project.
 An isolated footing may be square, rectangular or
circular in plan.
 Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads,
moments, force and the induced reactions.
 Any settlements which may occur shall be as uniform as
possible and safe bearing capacity of soil should not be
exceeded.
DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
Axial load (Pu) = 1632.62 kN
Breadth of column (b) = 230 mm
Width of column (d) = 675 mm
Moment Along 'X' direction(MX) = 3.8892 kN-m
Moment Along 'Y' direction(MY) = 0.3784 kN-m
Excentricity for Moment MX (e1) = Mx/Pu = 0.018708 m
Excentricity for Moment MY (e2) = My/Pu = 0.002339 m
Grade of steel (fy) = 415 N/mm2
Grade of concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 250 kN/mm2
Area of Footing require =1.1*Pu/SBC = 4.789 m2
Assume breadth of footing , (B) = 2.00 m
Thus, Length of footing , (L) = 4.789 /2 = 2.39≈ 2.50 m
Provide an size of (2.50 X 2.00) m of Footing
Check for Pmax ≤ SBC ≥ , Pmin > 0
Where P is the upward soil pressure. i.e , the adequacy of size
of the following
Pmax = (Pu /L*B*1.5){1 +(6 X e1/L) + (6 X e2/ B)}
Pmax = 229 kN/mm2 <SBC of soil hence safe

Pmin = (Pu /L*B*1.5){1 -(6 X e1/L) - (6 X e2/ B)}

Pmin = 206.4 kN/mm2 > 0 hence safe
Hence the assumed footing size is safe i.e 2.50 X 2.00 m
 Actual Upward Pressure
Wmax = (Pu /L*B*1.5){1 +(6 X e1/L) + (6 X e2/ B)}
= 229 kN/mm2 ≈ 230.0 kN/mm2

Wmin = (Pu /L*B*1.5){1 -(6 X e1/L) - (6 X e2/ B)}

= 206.4 kN/mm2 ≈ 230.0 kN/mm2

L1 = 0.9m
L2 =0.885m
Where L1 is the length of the footing beyond column face along
length of footing
L2 is the length of the footing beyond column face along width
of footing
 To calculate the depth of footing
I )Depth of footing required for Bending
Maximum Bending Moment , Mmax @ the face of the
column is given by
Mmax={ 345/2 X 0.913 2 } +{ 1/2 X0.91 X( 2/3) X0.91}
= 143.6 kN-m
To check depth of adequacy, equate
Mu,max = Mu,limit
143.6 X 106 = 0.138 Fck b d2
Solve for d i.e Depth of footing require
d = 228 mm
Provide 250 mm
From SP-16, TABLE-2 Pg.No-48 Pt = 0.685% (Which is minimum)
II ) Design for one way shear
Assume 1m strip of footing adjecent to the face of column as
shown in the fig.
Wu = 230.0 kN/m
Pt ( % of steel) is = 0.685%
τc = 0.549 N/mm2 (IS 456-2000 Table-19 Pg.No 73)
Where τc is the design shear strenth of concrete
τuv ={ Wu (P1 - d) X 1.5} /(d*10^3)
To find require depth of footing Equate Tuv = Tc & Solve for
d (Depth of footing).
d = 0.352 m ≈ 400 mm
Provide D = 400 + 50 = + 450 mm With 50mm Effective cover
III ) Design for two way shear
Vu= Wu[(L x B)-|y|] =1114.2925 kN
bo=4*(a+d) = 3510
τv = Vu/bo*d = 0.794 N/mm2
Two way shear resistance:
BC = b/d = 0.340741
Ks= 0.5 + Bc
=0.5 +0.34 675.00 = 0.84 < 1
Ks =0.84
Tc = .25*sqrt (fck)=1.118 N/mm^2
Two way shear resistance = Ks τc = 0.939977 N/mm2
Compare τuv & Ks τc =0.794 < 0.94
.:Hence safe in two way shear.
Steel calculations:
x = 4.6Mux/fckbd^2 = 0.072506
y = 1- sqrt (1-x) =0.036935
z = 0.5*fck/fy*y*b*d =600.7533
Area of steel required , Ast=z =600.8 mm2
Ast min=.12*b*D/100 =540 mm2
Providing X mm dia of bars =12 mm
Area of X bars= 3.142*X^2/4 =113.112 mm2
Spacing provided= 1000* Area of X bars/(Ast req) =209.4667
spacing provided = 200 mm
.: Provide 8 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Staircase:

 The staircase comprises of flight of steps generally with

one or more intermediate landing provided between the
floor levels.

 In the proposed structure, dog legged staircase is

designed as it is the most commonly used in all types of
buildings.

 It comprises of two adjacent flights running parallel with

a landing slab at a mid-height.
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
GIVEN DATA:
Staircase room =3.77 m x 5.17 m
Rise of the Step (R) =0.15 m
Tread of the Step (T) = 0.3 m
Width of the Step = 1.785 m
Thickness of floor slab = 0.15 m
Height of stair room =4 m
Height of each flight (hf) =2m
Grade of concrete (Fck) =20 N/mm2
Grade of steel (Fy) =415 N/mm2
density of concrete =25 KN/m3
DESIGN :
No. of risers per flight (N) = hf/R =14 Nos.
No. of thread per flight = N-1 =13 Nos.
Length of going = 3.9 m
Width of landing =1.27 m
Thickness of waist slab (ts) = l/20 to l/25 + cover
=0.25
Thickness of waist slab (d) = l/20 to l/25
= 0.2 m
Effective span (l) = 5.4 m
LOAD CALCULATION:
Going:
1) Live load (LL) =4 KN/m2
2)Self weight of waist slab =ts*sqrt[1+(R/T)2]*25
=6.98771 KN/m2
3)weight of steps = ( .5*T*R*Fy)/ts
=2.25 KN/m2
4)Floor finish = 0.75 KN/m2
Total load (TL) = (1+2+3+4)
=13.9877 KN/m2
Factored load = 1.5 *TL
=20.9816 KN/m2
Landing:
1) Live load (LL) =4 KN/m2
2)Self weight of waist slab =ts*sqrt[1+(R/T)2]*25
=7.5 KN/m2
3)Floor finish = 0.75 KN/m2
Total load (TL) = (1+2+3) = 12.25 KN/m2
Factored load =1.5*TL =18.375 KN/m2
 W1 = 20.9816 KN/
m2
W2 = 18.375 KN/m2

L1 = 4.015m L2 = 1.385m

RA RB

W1 =20.9816 KN/m2
W2 =18.375 KN/m2
L1 =4.015m
L2 =1.385m
RA + RB = (W1 x L1) + (W2 x L2) RA + RB
= (20.9816 x4.015) + (18.375 x 1.385)
RA + RB = 109.69 KN …………………………………..(eqn 1)
MB=0 ; 5.4 RA - (20.9816*4.015*3.3925) -
(18.375*1.385*0.6925) = 0
RA =56.19 KN
RB = 53.5 KN
Maximum BM = (56.19*2.7) - (20.9816*2.00*1.00) -
(18.375*0.6925*0.346)
Max BM, Mu =105.35 KNm
Check for slab depth:
Mulim=0.138*fck*b*d2 = 138
if(Mulim>Mu,URS,ORS) = URS
Main steel:
x=4.6Mu/fckbd^2 = 0.48461
y=1-(1-x)^.5 = 0.28209
z=.5*fck/fy*y*b*d_mm^2 =1410.47
Ast=z_mm^2 =1420
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =16
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =201.088
Spacing = (area/bar)*1000/(Ast min) =141.611
Provide 16mm dia bars @ 150 c/c
Distribution steel:
Ast min =.12*b*D/100 =300 mm2
Provide_mm_dia_bars_da =10 mm
Area/bar=pi/4*da^2 =78.55 mm2
Spacing = (area/bar)*1000/(Ast min) =261.833 mm
Provide 16mm dia bars @ 250 c/c
Check for shear :
pt=100Ast/bd =0.71
from IS 456-2000,for pt=0.71,Tc_n/mm^2 = 0.547 N/mm2
from IS 456-2000, for d=200 mm, Ks = 1.2
Tc max= Tc*Ks = 0.6564 N/mm2
If (Tc < Tc max,"satisfactory","not satisfactory") =Satisfactory
Conclusion
The use of different software such as Auto CAD, Revit
Architecture and ETABS helped us in learning and completing
the project.
Byperforming the project related to structures improved our
knowledge in planning, designing, rendering and analysing
aspects.
Structural planning, rendering and analysing of Conventional
Building according to the norms helped us to learn the way of
approaching to the projects.
 
Work to be completed:
Energy analysis and generating energy reports of the different
materials and aspects. By comparing energy reports we can
determine the material having higher energy efficiency.
To draw the detailed drawings of the designed structural
components.
References
IS Code 456: 2000 for design of various
components.
IS Code 875: 1987 for various live load, dead loads
and factor of safety
SP 16 charts for designing of columns and
footings.
Reinforced concrete volume 1 by H.J.Shah
edition 2014
THANK YOU