0 1 Solid fuels (derived solid fuels)
The title method involves (a) the use of a faujasite type zeolite (SiOz/
AlzOs mol ratio = l-6) as an adsorbent, and (b) the use of a C&a
aromatic hydrocarbon as eluent. The title method is useful for
separation of benzothiophene from naphthalene in coal tar.
02fOO137 Method of protecting brown coal briquette in
transportation from dusting, self-ignition and adverse effect
of precipitation
Vasilenko. N.V. et al. Russ. RU 2124,554 (Cl. ClOL5132). 10 Jan 1999,
Appl. 98103,567, 16 Feb 1998. 362. (In Russian)
Title only translated.
02/00138 Mixed fuel briquets from combustible wastes
Suzuki, K. er nl. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 154,389 (Cl. ClOLS/
48) 6 Jun 2000, Appl. 1998/328,677, 18 NW 1998. 6. (In Japanese)
Mixed fuel briquettes are manufactured by mixing coal powder with a
predetermined amount of a waste plastic powder or shredder dust
having superior flammability and higher calorific value than the coal,
and a dewatered sludge powder having less flammability and lower
calorific value than the coal, grinding the powder mixture, extruding
with a binder to form pellets, and then drying the pellets. Thus, a
powder mixture of coal 66, shredder dust 2, and dewatered organic
sludge powder 32 wt.% was extruded, and dried to form fuel briquettes
having calorific value 5150 Cal/g.
02/00139 Preparation and analysis of carbonization
products from Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood
Matsui, T. et al. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 2000, I, 53-61. (In Japanese)
The material balance of carbonization products (wood gas, wood
vinegar, wood tar, and charcoal) prepared from the sapwood and the
heartwood of Sugi (Cryptomerica japonica D. Don) at various
temperatures was determined. The evolution of both carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide mainly occurred at carbonization temperatures
below 600” and that of hydrogen and methane at 600-800”. The total
yield of the wood vinegar and the wood tar was almost constant at 500-
800”. On the other hand, the yield of the charcoal decreased because of
the evolution of the wood gas with an increase in carbonization
temperature. The wood vinegars prepared at temperatures over 400”
were found to consist of carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and
propionic acid, methanol, acetone, furans, alkylphenols, guaiacols,
cyclotene, and maltol by capillary gas chromatography. Since the
constituent varieties and contents of the wood vinegars prepared at
both 400” and 800” were very similar to each other, the wood vinegar of
Sugi wood was chiefly produced below 400”. Fourier transform IR
spectra of the charcoals showed the generation of carbonyl and olefin
groups at 30&400” and then the formation of aromatic rings along
with the disappearance of carbonyl groups at > 600”. The production
of radical species in the charcoals carbonized at 300-600” was observed
by ESR; but, on the contrary, the charcoals carbonized at > 700” were
inactive. The specific surface area and the pore volume of the charcoal
of Sugi sapwood increased with an increase in carbonization
temperature. The pH of a charcoal-dispersed aqueous solution
increased with an increase in carbonization temperature. The high
adsorptive activity of the charcoal carbonized at 400” for ammonia gas
and that at 800” for hydrogen sulphide gas seemed to be dependent on
the acidic and basic properties of the charcoals, respectively.
02/00140 Preparation and analysis of carbonization
products from wood biomass
Matsui, T. ef al. Mem. Fat. Eng., Miyazaki Univ., 1999, 28, 73-80. (In
Japanese)
The material balance of carbonization products (charcoal, wood-
vinegar, wood-tar, and gas) prepared from Sugi (Crypromeria japonica
D. Don), pine, and bamboo at different carbonization temperature was
determined respectively. The yield of charcoal decreased with an
increase in carbonization temperature. On the other hand, the yields of
wood-vinegar and wood-tar were almost constant. Aqueous dispersions
of all charcoals prepared at 400” were acidic (pH 5.00-6.78) and those
at 800” were basic (pH 7.58-9.63). HzS gas was adsorbed more rapidly
onto the charcoals prepared at 800” than those at 400” whereas NH3
gas was adsorbed slower onto the charcoals at 800” than those at 400”.
02/00141 Preparation of active carbon from brown coal and
weathered coal with alkali
Kobayashi, S. er al. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 2000, 5, 329-333. (In
Japanese)
Active carbons were prepared from such low-rank coals as brown coal
(Yallourn, Australia, C 64%, ash 1.4%) and weathered coal (Inner-
Mongolia, China; C 54%, ash 19%) with relatively large quantities of
NaOH or KOH (alkali ratio to coal 2-2.5) under a lower temperature
(773-973 K) than the conventional steam activation (1173-1273 K).
For instance, active carbons with specific surface area of more than
1000 m’/g were obtained with high yields (33-36%), when weathered
coal was activated by NaOH (ratio 2.5-3.0) at 973 K. The effect of
alkali could be improved significantly by pre-heating (773 K) of coals,
affordin the active carbons with higher values specific surface area
(1300 m’/g) at 823 K. This would be due to that the pre-heating of the
coals decreased with the degree of consumption of alkali with carbon
dioxide generated by the decarboxylation during the activation process.
The removal of ash, especially silica in the weathered coal, was
performed easily by this method by washing the final product. The ash
content of the active carbon from weathered coal was at least 4%, while
it was almost nil for the product from brown coal.
02/00142 Process for manufacturing charcoal from bamboo
Gong, Z. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN
1,229,120 (Cl ClOB53/02), 22 Sep 1999, Appl. 98,115,886, 13 Aug
1998. 3. (In Chinese)
The bamboo charcoal is manufactured by introducing bamboo into a
kiln with spiral flame tunnel, heating the bamboo slowly to about
1800”, holding for 18 min, sealing the tunnel, holding for 3 d,
withdrawing the charcoal, and cooling in plant ash. The bamboo
charcoal has good-electric conductivity. The charcoal can be used in
steam-cooking of rice by putting the charcoal blocks into rice.
02/00143 Process for mixing powdered coke with mixed
material for production of coke
Lee, S. Repub. Korea KR 9,701,185 (Cl. ClOB57/04), 29 Jan 1997,
Appl. 9,330,256, 28 Dee 1993. (In Korean)
In the manufacture of a blast furnace coke, < wt.% powdered coke is
mixed with coal, based on the total weight of final product, during
which the fluidity of the final product increased 0.014-0.03 (in log
ddpm units) when 1 wt.% of powdered coke is mixed with coal. Total
dilatation of the final product is lOO-120%, its composition balance
index is 0.89-1.2, and its fluidity is 2.4 log ddpm units. The powdered
coke which is produced from an iron manufacturing process as a
byproduct is reused as a part of raw material in the manufacture of a
blast furnace coke, in which >5 wt.% of powdered coke is mixed, based
on total weight of raw material.
02lOOl44 Relationships between solvent fractions and
properties of durene-modified pitches
Zhi, L. et al. M&tan Zhuanhua, 2000, 23, (I), 82-86. (In Chinese)
Relationships between durene-modified pitch properties, such as
soften point, coke yield and viscosity, and pitch fractions, especially
TS fraction and PI fraction had been investigated. It was discovered
that both the TS fraction and PI fraction of modified pitches from the
same pressed system had good linear relationships with the above pitch
properties. Meanwhile, different pressure systems resulted in easy
changeable soften point and relatively unchangeable coke yield. The
comparison and analysis of the fraction-property relationships of
modified pitches from three different pressure systems showed that TS
fraction and PI fraction of modified pitches from semi-closed system
had stronger influences on pitch properties. These relationships can
help to realize the design of pitch fraction and properties.
02lOO145 Simulation significance of current quality indexes
of coke in blast furnace production
Zhou, S. Gangtie, 2000, 35, (2) 1-3. (In Chinese)
A review with no references to discuss the practical significance of the
quality indexes of coke for blast furnace use. Msa (cold fracture
strength) and Ml0 (anti-wear strength) properly simulate the behaviour
of coke in the lump zone of a blast furnace, but the degradation of coke
in this zone is low. The CR1 (coke reactivity index) measured under
non-alkali conditions may be misleading, because alkali has already
been accumulated in a blast furnace.
02/00146 Smokeless coal with high-heat value
Jia, Q. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,229,127
(Cl. ClOL/O4), 22 Sep 1999, Appl. 99,112,748, 16 Mar 1999. 6. (In
Chinese)
The smokeless coal is lump coal or briquette having an air-permeable,
combustion-improving, and dust-removing layer on the surface. The
layer is made from clay, powdered carbide slag, gypsum powder,
powdered carbide slag and cement (1 : 0.1-9) furnace dust and cement
(1: O.l-9), powdered carbide slag and gypsum powder, furnace dust
and gypsum powder (1 :O.l-9). The layer also contains powdered
combustible material from wood dust, corn stalk, or bulrush.
02lOO147 Study of briquette compound sulfur fixation
agent on thermal balance
Hao, A. ef al. Meiran Zhuanhua, 2000, 23, (2), 7679. (In Chinese)
Several of sulphur fixation agents in the briquette form have been
studied by TG-151 thermal balance. The results indicate that NH/HO
compound sulphur fixation agent can increase the ratio of sulphur
fixation of briquette and improve the combustion property of briquette.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 2002 15