V.B.S. PURVANCHAL UNIVERSITY, JAUNPUR (U.P.

B.A. & M.A.

(Ancient History)
Syllabus

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ANCIENT HISTORY
B.A. Ist Year

Paper Political History of Ancient India

(From 600 B.C. to 550 A.D.)

UNIT I

Source for reconstruction of Ancient Indian Hisotry, Political condition of North

India during 6th century B.C. – Sixteen Mahajanpad and Republican states; Rise of
Magadh-Harayanka dynasty-Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Successors of Ajatastru,
Sisunagadynasty and Nandas.

UNIT II

Foreign Invasions- Achaemenians and Alexander’s invasion Mauryas : Origin,

Early life and conquests of Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Ashoka; successoss of
Asoka Sunga and Kanva dyanasties; Satavahanas and Kharavela.

UNIT III

Foreign Rulers- The Indo-Greeks, Sakas of Punjab, Mathura and western

kshatrapas and the Kushanas.

UNIT IV

History of Guptas, Vakatakas, Hunas and Yasodharmaan of Malwa.

NB : There shall be two sections- ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the paper Section A will consist
of two questions carrying 20 marks each e.g.

1. Give account of the sixteen Mahajanpadas during .600 B.c

Or

(i) Throw light on the effect of the Alexander’s Invasion.

(ii) Discuss the achievements fo Kanishka I, the Kushawa ruler.

Or

Discuss the relations between the Guptas and the Vakatakas.

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Section ‘B’ will consist of six questions carrying 10 marks each.

3. Discuss the rise and fall of the Nandas 10

4. Write a note of Pushyamitra Sunga 10

5. Throw light on the achievements of Khaoravela 10

6. Evaluate the achievements of Demetreus of Menander 10

7. Discuss the historicity of Ramgupta 10

8. Describe the achievements of Yasodharman 10

PAPER II : Ancieent Civilizations

Marks 100

UNIT I

Origin and evolution of Man; A brief survery of prehistoric civilizations of

Africa, Europe and Asia. Mesopotamian civilizations, Sumeria, Babylonia an Assyria.

UNIT II

Egypt-Society, Art and Architechure, religion, writing and literature; Aegeans:

Minoan Art and Architechure.

UNIT III

Harappan civilization: saliant features : Greeks : Mycenians, Homeric Age,

Classicalage – Art, Science, Society and Economy; Hellenistic Age, Main difference
between Hellenic and Hellenestic civilization, Art, literature, Science and religion.

UNIT IV

Persians: Achaemenian administration, Zoroastrianism, cultureal achievements.

China : Society, Art & Religion (Confucios), literature, Buddhism & Laotse.

NB : Like paper first there shall be two sections- ‘A’ and ‘B’- in the paper. Section ‘A’
and ‘B’ will consist of two and six questions respectively. The questions of Section ‘A’
and ‘B’ wiill carry 20 and 10 marks each.

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ANCIENT HISTORY
B.A. IInd Year

Marks 100
UNIT I

History of the Later Guptas and Maukharies; Pushyabhuti Dynasty Harshavarhan;

Lalitaditya; Muktapida of Kasmira; Yasovarman of Kannauji.

UNIT II

Political History of North India- Arab Invasion, Origin of the Rajaputas; Gurajara
Pratiharas.

UNIT III

Palas and Senas, Gahadavalas, Paramaras, Chalukyas of Gujarata, Chahhamanas,

Chandelas,Kalchuies, Rajaputa’s Resistance of Turks.

UNIT IV

Political History of Souty India Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani,

Pallavas Cholas Yadavas Pandyas, Hoyasalas and Kaktiyas.

NB : There shall be two sections- ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the paper, section ‘A’ and ‘B’
will consist of two and six questions respectively. The question of section ‘A’ and ‘B’
will carry 20 and 10 marks each.

Section A

Marks

1. Discuss the achievements of Harsha 20

Or

Give an account of Arab Invasion.

2. Throw light on the achievements of-

Bhoja, the Parmare ruler

Or

Discuss the achievements of Pulakesina II

Section B

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3. Describe the achievements of Isanavarman. 10

4. Evaluate the achievements of Nagabhatta II. 10

5. Discuss the achievements of Gangeyadeva 10

6. Write a note of Govindachandra. 10

7. Give a short account of the history of Mahendravarman, 10

8. Discuss the achievements of Ram Chandra Yadava. 10

Paper II Ancient Indian Society and State Marks 100

Unit I

Society : Varnasrama, Jati, Family-Origin, development and position of Father,.

mothe, son and daughter.

Unit Ii

Education, Marriage, Position of Women, Position of Slaves.

Unit III

State Origin, types, Monarchy, Ministry, Republics.

Unit IV

Taxation and Guilds.

Note :- The paper shaall consist of two section- ‘A’ and ‘B’ Section A and B will consist
of two and six questions repectively. The questions of section A and B will carry 20 and
10 marks each.

Section A

1. Discuss origin and development of Varna System in Ancient India.

Or

2. Discuss origin of the state in ancient India- 20

3. Discuss the inporstance of Grihastha Asrama 10

4. Determine the position of the son in ancient Indian family.

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5. Describe the aims of education in ancient India 10

6. Describe the types of ancient Indian state 10

7. Discuss the importance of Ministry in ancient India

8. Throw light on the organization of guilds in ancient India.

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ANCIENT HISTORY

B.A. IIIrd YEAR

Paper I Elements of Indian Archeology

Unit I

Definition of Pre and Protohistory and relation of Pre-history with other Natural
Sciences.

Unit II

Development of Archeology in India; Mehods of finding ancient sites Principles

of stratification; Methods of excavetion-vertical and Horizontal excavations.

Report of the excavated sites- Kausambi Kalibangan, Chirand, Brahmagiri.

UNIT III

Autiquity of wiriting in Ancient India, Materials of writiing in Ancient India,

origin and development of Brahami and Kharoshthi, script, Inscriptions as a source of
Historry.

Unit IV

Origin and Antiquaity of coinage in Ancient India; Methods of Manufacturing

coins, Punch-marked and Cast coins, Panchala, Kausambi and Yaudhya coins; Saliant
features of the Indo Greek coins; Saka, Kushana, Western Kshatrapas, Satavahana and
Gupta coins.

NB: There shall be Three sections A, B and C in the paper, Sections A, B and C will
consist of two, there and three questions.

Each questions of Section A will carry 20 marks while each questions of sections
B and C will carry 10 marks only.

Section A

1. Discuss vertical and horizontal excavations 20

Or

Throw light n the importance of the Stratification.

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2. Discuss the various theories of the origion of Brahmi script.
20

Or

Discuss the methods of Manufacturing coins in ancient India.

Section B

3. Throw light on the antiquity of writing in ancient India. 10

4. Discuss the saliant features of Mauryan Brahmi Script. 10

5. Discuss the importance of Inscriptions as or source of history.10

Section C

6. Discuss the antiquity of coinage in ancient India.

7. Throw light on the Yaudheya coins 10

8. Write a note on the saliant features of the Gupta Coins 10

Paper II Ancient Indian Art & Architechure. Marks 100

Unit I

Painting : Pre historic & Ajanta- Scuptres : Indus valley, Maurya, Sunga,
Kushana, Gupta, Early Medieval, Special study of Gandhar, Mathura andSaranath
School of Art.

Unit II

Architecture : Harappan Architecture, Origin and development of Stupa

Architectuer, Bharhnt, Sanchi, Amaravati.

Unit III

Buddhist cace Architecture- Chaitya Grihas and Viharas (both Hinayana and
Mahayana); Origin and development of Gupta Temple Architecture.

Unit IV

Temple Architecture in North India: Khajuraho (Kandariya Mahadeva), Orissa

(Lingaraja & Konark) Aabu. Temple Architecture in South India : Chalukya, Pallava

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(Mahabalipuram), Rashtrakuta (Kailasa Temple of Ellora); Classfication of Hindu
Temples.

Paper II Ancient Indian Art & Architechure, Marks 100

Unit

Painting: Pre historic & Ajanta – Scuptures : Indus valley, Mauryan, Sunga,
Kushana, Gupta, Early Medieval, Special study of Gandhar, Mathura and Saranath
School of Art.

Unit II

Architechure : Harappan Architecture, Origin and development of Stupa

Architectuer, Bharhnt, Sanchi, Amaravati.

Unit III

Buddhist cave Architecture- Chaitya Grihas and Viharas (both Hinayana and
Mahayana); Origin and development of Gupta Temple Architecture.

Unit IV

Temple Architecture in North India : Khajuraho (Kandariya Mahadeva), Orissa

(Lingaraja & Konark) Aabu. TEmple Architecture in South India : Chalukya, Pallava
(Mahabalipuram), Rashtrakuta (Kailasa TEmple of Ellora); Classification of Hindu
Temples.

Paper III Ancient Indian Religion Marks 100

Unit I

Natire of Indian REligion, Vedic Pantheon, Atma & Brahma in Upanishadas;

Gita-Karma, Gyana and Bhakti Yoga.

Unit II

Buddhism and Jainism-Origin and development of Buddhism, Life and Teaching

of Buddha. The Four Noble T, Partiya Samutpada and Nirvana; origin and development
of Mahayana and its relation to Hinayana, Philosophy of Syadavadar, Life and TEchings
of Mahavira, Anekantavadam, Liberation, Schism in Jainism- Digambara and
Svetambara.

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Unit III

Saivism-Origin and antiquity, Rudra, Siva in the Rigveda, Siva in Later Vedic
Literature and development upto Gupta period; Pasupata School : Origin, diffusion and
philosophy; South Indian saiva tradition Vaishnavism; origin and development upto
Gupta peiod; Pancharatra and Satavat and Vaishnava philosophy.

Unit IV

Sakti cult and other minor sects (Sun, Ganesh and Yaksha Worship).

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M.A. Previous (Ancient History)

Syllabus

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Ancient History
M.A. Previous

There shall be Five compulsory papers. Each paper shall carry 100 marks andd of
three hours duration.

Paper 1- Political History of Ancient India

(600 B.C. to 319 A.D.) M.M. 100

Detailed study of th epoltiical history and the chronological order of the events in
expeeeeeeeeected. However, the main emphasis will be given to the original sources.

1. Political condition of North India during the sixth century B.C. Sodasa
Mahajanapadas and REpublics.

2. Rise of the Magadh Empire

(a) Causes of the rise of Magadh.

(b) Haryanka Dynasty- Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Successors of Ajatasatru.

(c) Sisunaga Dynasty.

(d) Nanda Dynasty- Origin of the Nandas, history of the Nandas and causes of
the declinee of th Nanda dynasty.

3. History of Mauryas- Origin of the Mauryas : Chandragupta Maurya,

Bindusara and Asoka; Successors of Asoka, Causes of the decline of the
Mauryas.

4. Sunga and Kanva dynasties.

5. Satavahana Dynasty; Chedi Dynasty of Kalinga.

6. Achaemenian and Alexander’s Invasions.

7. History of the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Pahalvas (Indu-Parthians) and the

Kushanas.

Paper IV- Administrative and Legal Institutions

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d M.M. 100

(A) Administrative Institutions :

(i) Sources of Hindu Polity.

(ii) State : Origin of Anciennt Idian State; Types of the State: Nature (Saptanga
Theory); The Aims and Functions of the State.

(iii) Representative Assemblies : Subha-Samiti; Paurya-Janapada.

(iv) Inter-State Relations.

(v) Kingship.

(vi) Republies (Ganarrajya)

(vii) Ministry (Mantri Parsishada)

(viii) Main Administrative Systems.

(B) Legal Institutions :-

(i) Sources of Hindu Law.

(ii) Law of Succession-Dayabhaga, Mitakshara.

(iii) Stridhana.

(iv) Judicial System : Judicial procedure.

(v) Organization of the Courts.

Paper III- Social And Economic Life M.M. 100

(A) Social Life

(i) Varndsrma System: Origin and development of the Varnas, Varnadharma;

Antiquity of the Airamas; Psycho-Moral basis of the Asramas and their
comparative importance.

(ii) Origin and development of the Caste System.

(iii) Prerogatives f the Brahmanas and the Social ststus of the Sodras.

(iv) FAmily : Origin and development; position of the Father, relations between wife
and husband; Types of the sons.

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(v) Position of Women.

(vi) Purusharthas.

(vii) Sacraments (Samskaras)- Aims and Importance, special emphasis should be given
to the Upanayana and marriage Sacraments (Vivaha Samskdra)

(viii) Hindu Marriage : Concept and Aims of the marrige; differenttypes of the
marriage.

(ix) Education : Concept and Aims; Syllabuus and teaching method; Teacher-taught
relation and professional Education.

(x) Slavery.

(A) Economic Life :-

Varta, Land System and ownership of land; Agriculture; Industries; Trade and
Commerce; Labour; Trade routes and Centers; Srenies (Trade Organization); Revenue
System and Feudalism.

Paper V- ArchaeoLogy, Pre Andd Proto History of India

M.M. 100

(A) Field Archaelogy :

(i) Stratification

(ii) Method of Dating.

(iii) Short description of the main excavated sites-

(a) Kausambi (b) Brahmagiri(c) Hastinapur

(d) Lothal and (e) Kalibanga.

(B) Pre-History –

(i) Meaning of Pre-history and its relation with other natural sciences.

(ii) Lower Palaeolithic Age (Sohan and Madras Culture)

(iii) Middle Palaeolithic Cultture.

(iv) Upper Palaeolithic Culture.

(v) Mesolithic Stone Age (Virabhanpur, Sarai Nahar Rai, Langhanaja, Tamilnadu)

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(vi) Neolithic Age (North and South India)

(C) Proto History :-

(i) Pre-Harappan Cultures of Sindha and Rajasthana..

(ii) Harappan Culture.

(ii) Post-Harappan’s Chalcolithic Cultures- Adhar Culture of Rajasthan and Malawa

Culture of Madhya Pradesh

(D) Potteries/Wares :-

(i) Ochre Coloured Polished Ware (O.C.P.)

(ii) Painted Grey Ware (P.G.W.)

(iii) North Black Polished Ware (N.B.P.)

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M.A. Final (Ancient History)

Syllabus

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The paper entitled ‘Philosophy of History and Historiography’ and Viva-Voce are
compulsory for the students of M.A. Final. Morever, the student may offer any two
groups out of thee six groups, viz, Groups A, B, C, D, E and F. Each paper carrying 100
marks will be of three hours duratiion and Viva-Voce will also carry 100 marks. The
student will have to get through separately in the theory and Viva-Voce.

COMPULSORY PAPER

PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND HISTORIGRAPHY

M.M. 100

1. Nature of History; relation with science and humanities.

2. Causation in History.

3. Objectivity in History.

4. Graeco-Roman traditions of Historical Writing.

5. Western Historical Writters-Herder, Hegel. Spanguler, Toyanbee, Marx and

Collingwood. The knowledge of historical outlook of these writers is expected.

6. Development ofIndian Historical Writing-Vaidic, Pauranic Buddhist and Jain

traditions.

7. Ancient Indian Historians-Bana, Bihana, Kalhana and Jayanaka. The Historical

insight ofthese writers is expected.

8. Some important. Historians of 20th century A.D.- A Cunningham, V.A. Smith,

L.P. Jayaswal R.G. Bhandarkar, R.C. Majumdar, A.S. Altekar, D.D. Kosambi and
A.K. Coomaraswamy.

Paper (Group-A) POLITICAL HISTORY OF NORTH INDIA

(750 A.D. to 1250 A.D.) M.M. 100

Emphasis should be given to the original sources.

1. Political condition of North India during 8th century A.D.

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2. Origin of the Rajaputas; Muslim inroads of the North-West India and and
Resistance by the Rajapatas.

3. Detailed Study of the following Rajaputa dynasties of North India-

(i) Gurjara-Pratiharas, (ii) Paramaras, (iii) Chalukyas of Gujarata, (iv Chahamanas,

(v) Chandelas, (vi) Vahadavilas, (vii) Palas, (vii) Sena, (ix) Kalachuri.

4. Political condition of North India during 12th century A.D.

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Paper II- POLITICAL HISTORY OF SOUTH INDIA

(750 A.D. to 1300 A.D.)

M.M.

1. Political Condition of South India during 8th century A.D.

2. Detailed study of the political History of the following dynasties of the South
India-

(i) Rashtrakotas, (ii) Cholas, (iii) Chalukyas of Badami,

(iv) Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, (v) Western Chalukyas of Kalyani,

(vi) Pallavas, (vii) Pandyas of Madura, (viii) Hoyasalas, (ix) Yadavas of Devagiri,

(x) Kakatiyas of VArangala.

3. Struggle between different dynasties of South India

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Paper I- (Group-B)-

BRAHMANICAL RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

M.M. 100

1. Vaidic Religion and Philosophy-Vaidic Sacrifices (Yajna), Vaidic deities

(Devamandala).

2. Central Idea of the Philosophy of the Upanishadas-Atma and Brahma.

3. Bhagvad Gita-Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga.

4. Origin and Development of the following sects upto Gupta period-

(i) Vaishnavism, Pancharatra. (ii) Saivism, Pasupata

(iii) Saktism. (iv) Ganapati

(v) Saura

5. Folk Religion-Yaksha and Naga.

6. Indian Philosophy-Detailed study of the Sankhya, Nyaya, Yoga, Vedanta and

Charvaka Philosophy.

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Paper-II BUDDHISM AND JANISM AND PHILOSOPHY

M.M. 100

A- Buddhism-

Background for the origin; Life of Lord Buddha, His Teachings; Buddhist Sects-
Hinayana And Mahayana, Buddhist Councils; Life in the Mathas.

B- Buddhist Philosophy -

Four Novel Truths, (Chana Arya Satya), Eight foldPaths (Ashtangika Marga)
Pratitya Samutpada, Concept of Nirvana (Salvation), Madhyamika Sunyavada,
Yogachara, Vignanavada, Anityavada, Buddhist Tantrayana, Bajrayana; Factors for the
declinee of Buddhism and Contribution of Buddhism to Indian Culture.

C- Jainism-

Antiquity and origin; Life and Teachings of Parsvanath and Mahavira; Theory
and difference between Svetambara and Digambara sects; Pancha Mahavrita and Pancha
Anuvrita.

D- Jaina Philosophy-

Concept of Jiva and Ajiva; Syadvada Bandhana and Samyaka darsana, samyaka
Jnana, Samyaka Charitra, Pramana Vichara, Jaina Jnana Mimansa; Contribution of
Janism to Indian Culture.

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Paper I (Group-C)- ICONOGRAPHY AND SCULPTURE

M.M. 100

A- Iconography-

Concept and development of Iconography.

(i) Iconography of Vishnu-Saliant features. Sthanaka, Asana and Sayana icons;

Iconography of the Avataras, Chaturvyaha and Chaturvimsati vyaha.

(ii) Iconography of Siva-Ajnugraha and samhara icons.

(iii) Iconography of Sun-Origin, development and the nature of the Sun icons,
Foreign influence.

(iv) Iconography of Mother goddess-Sapta Matrikas, Lakshmi, Drugs,

Mahishasura Mardini.

(v) Buddhist Iconography-Origin and Development of Buddha Image; Icons of

Bodhi Sattva.

(vi) Jain Iconography-Origin and Development of Tirthankar Image, Lanchhanas.

B- Sculpture-.

(i) Harappan Sculptures-Stone, Metal and Terracottas.

(ii) Mauryan Sculptures- Construction of the capitals of Asokan Pillars and

critical appreciation of Foreign impact on them; Folk Art-Yaksha Images.

(iii) Sunga-Sculphures-Sanchi, Bharhut and Bodh Gaya; Folk-elements in the

Sungan art

(iv) Andhra-Satavathan Sculphure (Amaravati).

(v) Centres of the Kushna Art-Gandhara and Mathura.

(vi) Origin of the Gupta Sculphures, their characteristic features; Centers of the
Gupta Art-Saranatha, Mathura, Pataliputra; Chief Images.

(vii) Pala Sculphures-Fabrication, Lanchhana and Characteristic features.

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Paper-II- ANCIENT INDIAN ARCHITECTURE M.M 100

1. Harappan Architecture-Town Planning,Chief Building : Great Bath,

Dockyard of Lothal.

2. Mauryan Architechure- Town Planning, Assembly hall of Kumrahara,

Palace, Barabar CAves (Lomas Rishi); Architectureal features of
Asokan Pillars, and appreciation of the foreign effect on them.

3. Stopas-Origin of the Stupa architecture, Stupa architecture of Sanchi,

Bharhut, Bodh Gaya and Amravati.

4. Rock cut Chaityas and Viharas of the Western Coast.

5. Temple Architecture-Origin, development and nature; Architectural

featuures of the Gupta and post-Gupta Temples.

6. Main Styles of the Temples-Nagara, Vesara and Dravida.

7. Architectureal features of the temples of the Chandelas, Rajasthan,

Orissa, Gujarat, Rashtrakotas, Chalukyas, Pallavas and Cholas.

8. Choins of the Western Kshatrapas and the Satavahanas

9. Coins of the Kushanas-Kujula Kadphises, Wema-Kadphises,

Kanishka, Huvishka and Vasudeva; Deities on the Kushana coins.

10. Gutpa Coins.

Note : Identification of the coins and the notes on the historical importance of those coins
are compulsory.

Paper II- ANCIENT INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND PALAEOGRAPHY

M.M. 100

1. Historical Significance of the Ancient Indian Inscriptions.

2. Classification of The Inscriptions, Characteristic features and limitations of

the Inscriptions.

3. Study and historiical importance of the following inscriptions-

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(i) Piprahawa Casket Inscription & Sohagaura Copper Plate Inscription.

(ii) Asokan Rock Edicts Nos. 1, 2, and 13.

(iii) Asokan Pillar Edicts Nos. 2 and 7.

(iv) Rummindei Pillar Inscription of Asoka.

(v) Bairat Edict of Asoka.

(vi) Basanagar Garuda Pillar Inscription of Heliodorus.

(vii) Mathura Inscription of Huvishka (Year 28).

(viii) Nasik Cave Inscription of Vasisthiputra Pulumavi.

(ix) Mathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela.

(x) Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman I.

(xi) Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta.

(xii) Meharauli Iron Pillar Inscription of Chandragupta II.

(xiii) Poona Coppper-Plate Inscription of Prabhavitigupta.

(xiv) Mandasora Inscription of Bandhuvarman and Kumaragupta.

(xv) Junagadh Rocck Insription of Skandagupta.

(xvi) Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta.

(xvii) Gwalior Inscription of Mihira Bhoja.

(xviii) Aphasad Inscription of Adityasena.

(xix) Harha Inscription of Isanavarman.

(xx) Banskhera Copper-Plate Inscription of Harsha.

(xxi) Aihole Inscription of Pulakesin II.

Note : Transcription of the Brahmi Inscription into Devanagari script fromMauryan age
upto Gupta age is expected from the examinee.

Paper I (Group-E)- HISTOR OF PALI AND SANSKRITA LITERATURE

M.M. 100

1. Vaidik Literature- Vedas, Brahman Aranyakas and Upanishadas.

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2. Epic Literature- The Ramayana and The Mahabharata.

3. Satra Literature- Dharmasutra, Grihsutra.

4. Drama Sastra and Purana Literature.

5. Prose, Poetry and Drama of Sudraka, Kalidasa, Banabhatta and Kalhana.

6. (A) Pali Language-Nomenclature, Orign; Importance of place; Pali literature

and councils; Tripitikas and their Stratifications; Attakathayen.

(B) Vamsa Literature-Dipa Vamta and Mahavamsa.

Paper II- HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT INDIA

M.M. 100

1. Geography of Vaidic Age and Epic Age (States, cities and Trade routes); Geography
in the Huddhist period, (State, Cities and Trade Routes); Geography in the Age of
Panini, Kalidasa and Puranas (Only main rivers, forests, cities and states).

2. Importance Trade-routes of Ancient India.

3. Important cities of Anciet India : kali, Kausambi, Ayodhya, Mathura, Kusinagar,

Patliputra, Nalanda, Rajagiri, Dwirika, Kanchipuru, Taxila, Tamralipti, Vaisali and
Champa.

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