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2nd DepEx Problem Set
2nd DepEx Problem Set
PROBLEM SET
CHEMICAL THEYMODYNAMICS | CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
I. Each of the following numbers consists of the following quantities, one in column I and another in column II.
You are to compare the two quantities and choose
A if the quantity in column I is greater
B if the quantity in column II is greater
C if the two quantities are equal
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the given information
Column I CONDITION Column II
1. A gas is heated from T1 to T2
Heat absorbed at constant V Heat absorbed at constant P
2. The exothermic reaction: A(s) + B(g) U C(g)
ΔUo ΔHo
3. X(s) U X(l) U X(g)
ΔHvaporization of X ΔHfusion of X
4. For a spontaneous process
ΔS of the system ΔS of the surroundings
5. The given reaction reaches equilibrium at 500 K: C(s, graphite) + O2 (g) U CO2 (g)
KP at 500 K KC at 500 K
6. A system undergoes a cyclic process.
work done in the process heat involved in the process
7. The equilibrium
P4 (g) + Cl2 (g) U PCl3 (g)
is established by adding equimolar amount of P4 + Cl2 in an evacuated flask.
[P4]equilibrium [Cl2]equilibrium
8. The standard free energy change is negative for:
R (g) U P (g)
[R]equilibrium [P]equilibrium
9. When A was added to the reaction: X(g) U Y(g)
the rate of formation of Y increased.
Continued addition of A, however did not have an effect on [Y]
ΔH TΔS
10. The following system is at equilibrium: 2R(g) + J (s) U M (g).
The pressure inside the rigid container was increased by adding an inert gas.
3. A gas expanding against a constant pressure of 2.0 atm from 5.0 L to 15.0 L absorbs 2.000 kJ of heat. What
happens to the internal energy of the gas?
A. It will increase. C. It will remain constant.
B. It will decrease. D. It cannot be determined.
For numbers 4 and 5, consider the equilibrium reaction:
S(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) U SO3 (g) + 99.1 kJ
4. The equilibrium constant was observed to decrease. Which of the following must have happened?
A. temperature was increased C. energy of activation was increased
B. a catalyst was added D. volume was decreased
5. The concentration of SO3 increased. What was/were the process/es?
Chem 18 | Problem Set 2 2
10. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about bond enthalpies?
A. The bond enthalpy for the formation of a bond is always a negative number.
B. The bond enthalpy is defined only for bonds broken or formed in the aqueous solution of gaseous state.
C. The bond enthalpy of C=O is twice that of C–O.
D. A reaction is endothermic if the bonds in the products are stronger than in reactants.
11. Equilibrium is established in the reaction: 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) U 2SO3 (g) at a temperature at which Kc = 100. If
the number of moles of SO2 in the equilibrium mixture is equal to number of moles of SO3, which of the
following is CORRECT?
A. The number of moles of O2 is also equal to the number of moles of SO2.
B. The number of moles of O2 is half the number of moles of SO2
C. [O2]equilibrium = 0.01
D. [O2] may have several values.
12. What is the equilibrium constant at 25oC for the reaction: C(s) + 2H2 (g) U CH4 (g), for which, ΔHo= ‐74.84
kJ/
mol and ΔS = 80.67 /K ?
o J
A. The equilibrium position will shift to the right, favoring the products.
B. The equilibrium position will shift to the left, favoring the reactants.
C. There will be no shift in equilibrium position.
D. The effect cannot be determined due to insufficient data given.
III. Solve the following problems CLEARLY and SYSTEMATICALLY.
1. A. Calculate the calorimeter constant for a coffee‐cup calorimeter from the following data:
Temperature of 50 mL warm water 37.9°C
Temperature of 50 mL cold water 20.9°C
Equilibrium temperature 29.1°C
Specific heat of water 4.186 J/g °C
Density of water 1.0 g/mL
B. A reaction between 50 mL of 0.010 M AB and 50 mL of 0.015 M CD was performed in the above
calorimeter. If the temperature was observed to increase by 0.65°C, calculate the ΔH per mole of
limiting reactant for the reaction: AB(aq) + CD(aq) → AD(aq) + CB(aq). Assume that the density and the
specific heat of the reacting and resulting solutions are the same as those of water since they are dilute.
2. The molar heat of combustion of n‐butane (C4H10) is ‐2877 kJ. How many grams of n‐butane must be
burned to heat 1.00 kg of water from 20oC to 30oC?
3. Pyrogenic silica or fumed silica, which is a very fine particulate form of silicon dioxide, is prepared by
burning SiCl4 in an oxygen rich hydrocarbon flame to produce a "smoke" of SiO2:
SiCl4 (l) + 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → SiO2 (s) + 4 HCl (g)
ΔHf°(kJ/mol) ‐640.1 0 0 ‐910.9 ‐92.30
S°(J/mol‐K) 239.3 130.58 205.0 41.84 186.69
A. Determine the magnitude of ΔU° and ΔG° for the reactio4n above.
B. At what temperature range will the reaction above become spontaneous?
Chem 18 | Problem Set 2 3
4. A. Calculate the ΔH for the combustion of dimethyl ether using bond energies and the heat of
vaporization of water, ΔHvap = 40.65 kJ/mol :
CH3OCH3 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) (unbalanced)
Bond energy/enthalpy data (kJ/mol):
[C‐C] 347 [C=O] 799 [C‐O] 351 [O=O] 498.7
[C‐H] 414 [O‐H] 460 [O‐O] 192 [H‐H] 436.4
B. Using the ΔH evaluated above and the ΔH of the given reactions below, determine the molar heat of
formation of CH4 (g)
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(g) ΔH = ‐241.8 kJ/mol
CO2 (g) → C(s, graphite) + O2 (g) ΔH = 393.5 kJ/mol
5. A. The heat of vaporization of compound X (MW = 60.1 g/mol), at 1.00 atm is 23.7 kJ/mol and its normal
boiling point is 118°C. Calculate q, w, ΔU, ΔH, ΔS and ΔG when 12.0 g of compound X evaporates at
118°C. Assume ideal behavior for compound X(g).
B. Ten grams of compound X at room temperature (25.0°C) was heated to a temperature of 125°C. What is
the ΔS for this process? Note: Cp, X (l) = 123.1 J/mol‐K and Cp, X(g) = 63.4 J/mol‐K
6. At 25oC, CO(g) at 400.0 torr is reacted with Cl2 (g) at 350.0 torr in an empty reaction vessel. When
equilibrium: CO(g) + Cl2 (g) U COCl2 (g) is established, the total pressure of the system is observed to be 500.0
torr. Calculate the KP, KC and ΔGo at 25oC.
7. Using the following information,
Equilibrium Constant (50oC)
2 N2 (g) + O2 (g) U 2 N2O(g) Kc = 1.2 x 10‐35
N2O4 (g) U 2 NO2 (g) Kc = 4.6 x 10‐3
½ N2 (g) + O2 (g) U NO2 (g) Kc = 4.1 x 10‐9
calculate the value of ΔGo for the reaction: 2 N2O (g) + 3 O2 (g) U 2 N2O4 (g) at 50oC.
8. At 25oC, a mixture of NO2 (brown) and N2O4 (colorless) gases are in equilibrium in a cylinder fitted with a
movable piston. The concentrations are: [NO2] = 0.0475 M and [N2O4] = 0.491 M. The volume of the gas
mixture is halved by pushing down on the piston at constant temperature. Calculate the concentrations of
the gases when equilibrium is reestablished. The KC for the dissociation of N2O4 is 4.63 x 10‐3. Will the color
become darker or lighter after the change?
9. At 25oC, the reaction NH4HS(s) U NH3 (g) + H2S(g) has Keq = 0.120. A 5.00‐L flask is charged with 0.300 g of
pure H2S(g) (MW = 34.1) at 25oC. Solid NH4HS(s) is then added until there is excess unreacted solid
remaining. (a) What is the initial pressure of H2S(g) in the flask? (b) Why does no reaction occur until
NH4HS(s) is added? (b) What are the partial pressures of NH3 (g) and H2S (g) at equilibrium? (d) What is the
mole fraction of H2S at equilibrium? (e) What is the minimum mass, in grams, of NH4HS(s) (FW = 51.1)
that must be added to the flask to achieve equilibrium?
10. A. The values of ΔHo and ΔSo of a specific process can be determined experimentally by conducting a series
of experiment wherein corresponding values of K is measured at different values of temperature, T.
Derive a linear equation that expresses K as a function of T.
B. The following table gives the equilibrium constant, KP for the reaction at various temperatures
2 NO (g) + O2 (g) U 2 NO2 (g)
KP 138 5.12 0.436 0.0626 0.0130
T (K) 600 700 800 900 1000
Determine graphically the ΔHo and ΔSo for the reaction.
11. The first step in the industrial recovery of zinc from the zinc sulfide ore is roasting, or the conversion of ZnS
to ZnO by heating.
2 ZnS (s) + 3 O2 (g) U 2 ZnO (s) + 2 SO2 (g) UH < 0
Predict the direction (forward, backward or no shift) of the shift the reaction will take to reestablish
equilibrium.
a. removing O2
b. adding ZnS f. introducing Ne gas
c. increasing partial pressure of SO2 g. increasing the volume of the reaction vessel
d. cooling the system h. removing part of ZnO
e. adding a catalyst i. increasing the total pressure of the system
Chem 18 | Problem Set 2 4