Helleborus orientalis

Helleborus orientalis, also known as the Lenten rose,[1] is a perennial

Helleborus orientalis
flowering plant and species of hellebore in the buttercup family,
Ranunculaceae, native to Greece and Turkey.[2] Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
described the species in 1789, giving it its current name of Helleborus
orientalis ("Hellébore du Levant").[3] The species name is derived from the
Latin oriens ('east').[4] The common name derives from their flowering during
Lent.[5][6] Within the genus Helleborus, it has been classified in the section
Helleborastrum, and is closely related to the other eight species in the
section.[7] These species are all highly variable and hybridise with each other
freely.[8]

The Lenten rose grows as a perennial herb, reaching 30–45 centimetres (12– Scientific classification
18 in) high, with glossy green palmate leaves composed of 7–9 leaflets with
Kingdom: Plantae
serrated leaf margins. Leathery in texture, the leaves are evergreen. The cup-
shaped pendent flowers appear in late winter and spring, arising in groups of Clade: Tracheophytes
1–4 on the ends of thick stems rising above the foliage. They have yellow Clade: Angiosperms
stamens.[9] All parts of the Lenten rose are poisonous.[9]
Clade: Eudicots
In cultivation, the Lenten rose is suited to shaded or part-shaded positions in Order: Ranunculales
the garden, in soil rich in humus. Cultivated varieties have a wide array of
Family: Ranunculaceae
colours.[9] German planters began breeding H. orientalis in the mid-19th
century, enhanced by new material from the Caucasus via St Petersburg Genus: Helleborus
Botanic Garden. New varieties were soon introduced to the United Kingdom.
Species: H. orientalis
Interest peaked in the late 19th century, but the genus had fallen out of favour
by the 1920s.[10] The Lenten rose was revived in horticulture in the 1960s by Binomial name
Helen Ballard, who bred many new varieties.[11] Cultivated varieties can have Helleborus orientalis
white, green, pink to maroon and purple or spotted flowers.[12] Lam.

References
1. "BSBI List 2007" (https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsb
i.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived
from the original (http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls) (xls) on 25
January 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
2. "Helleborus orientalis Lam" (http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtre
e.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Helleborus&SPECIES_XREF=o
rientalis&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=). Flora Europaea. Royal Botanical
Garden Edinburgh. Retrieved 29 January 2015. H. orientalis with swollen
3. Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1789). Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique (https:// seedpods, Netherlands
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/721531). 3. Paris,Liège: Panckoucke;Plomteux.
pp. 96–97. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180125193735/https://w
ww.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/721531) from the original on 2018-01-25.
4. Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd.
p. 416. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
 5. Schronce, Arty. "Lenten Rose – A Perennial Getting Some Well Deserved
Attention" (http://agr.georgia.gov/lenten-rose-a-perennial-getting-attention.asp
x). Market Bulletin. Georgia Department of Agriculture. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20180106174412/http://agr.georgia.gov/lenten-rose-a-peren
nial-getting-attention.aspx) from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved
6 January 2018.
6. "Helleborus orientalis" (http://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/plant-finder/hel
leborus-orientalis/). Gardeners World. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20180106233227/http://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/plant-finder/hellebor
us-orientalis/) from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
7. Zonneveld, B.J.M. (2001). "Nuclear DNA contents of all species of Helleborus
(Ranunculaceae) discriminate between species and sectional divisions" (http
s://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bjm_Zonneveld/publication/227037366_Nucl
ear_DNA_contents_of_all_species_of_Helleborus_Ranunculaceae_discrimin
ate_between_species_and_sectional_divisions/links/56debf5e08ae46f1e9a0
e756/Nuclear-DNA-contents-of-all-species-of-Helleborus-Ranunculaceae-dis
criminate-between-species-and-sectional-divisions.pdf) (PDF). Plant
Systematics and Evolution. 229 (1–2): 125–30. doi:10.1007/s006060170022
(https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs006060170022). Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20180106173603/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bjm_Zonnevel
d/publication/227037366_Nuclear_DNA_contents_of_all_species_of_Hellebo
rus_Ranunculaceae_discriminate_between_species_and_sectional_division
s/links/56debf5e08ae46f1e9a0e756/Nuclear-DNA-contents-of-all-species-of-
Helleborus-Ranunculaceae-discriminate-between-species-and-sectional-divis
ions.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-06.
8. Hang, Sun; McLewin, Will; Fay, Michael F. (2001). "Molecular Phylogeny of
Helleborus (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on the East Asian-
Mediterranean Disjunction". Taxon. 50 (4): 1001–18. doi:10.2307/1224717 (ht
tps://doi.org/10.2307%2F1224717).
9. "Helleborus orientalis" (http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/P
lantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=d100). Plant Finder. Missouri Botanic
Garden. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180106173741/http://www.
missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercod
e=d100) from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
10. Kingsbury, Noel (2016). Garden Flora: The Natural and Cultural History of the
Plants In Your Garden (https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DtD8DAAAQB
AJ&pg=PA156). Timber Press. p. 156. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20180106174543/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DtD8DAAAQBAJ&p
g=PA156) from the original on 2018-01-06.
11. Terry, Bill (2015). The Carefree Garden: Letting Nature Play Her Part (https://
books.google.com.au/books?id=DLdfCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA115&dq=Helen+Bal
lard+hellebores&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjz_-E-MLYAhVBmJQKHRy4Ch
8Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Ballard%20hellebores&f=false).
TouchWood Editions. p. 115. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2018010
6174038/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=DLdfCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11
5&dq=Helen+Ballard+hellebores&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjz_-E-MLYAh
VBmJQKHRy4Ch8Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Ballard%20helleb
ores&f=false) from the original on 2018-01-06.
12. Cretti, John; Newcomer, Mary Ann (2012). Rocky Mountain Gardener's
Handbook: All You Need to Know to Plan, Plant & Maintain a Rocky Mountain
Garden – Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada (https://books.
google.com.au/books?id=nk_0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115). Cool Springs Press.
p. 115. ISBN 9781610588195. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201801
06173732/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=nk_0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11
5) from the original on 2018-01-06.

External links
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