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OBJECTIVES
Understand how science and
CHAPTER 1 technology has changed over the past
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD centuries
Enumerate the technological
advancements from ancient age to date.

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CHRISTIAN JURGENSEN
THOMSEN
DIFFERENT ERAS/ PERIODS • Archeologist and a curator
• Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkindighed Oldkyndighed
• Classification of artifacts based on which they are made of.
• 3 chronologically successive prehistorical periods

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“THREE – AGE SYSTEM”? ANCIENT AGE

a system of classifying ancient ages into groups based • STONE AGES

on tool developmental stages.
• BRONZE AGES
• IRON AGES

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STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

• Weapons made of stone, wood, bone or some other materials
aside from metal.
• John Lubbock (Prehistoric Times) – 1865 book
• Palaeolithic and Neolithic period – cultural evolution of tools
from chipped to polished stone.
• 1883 – De Mortillet
• 1892 – John Allen Brown - MESOLITHIC
• longest phase of human history
• began approximately 2 mya and ended between 40,000 –
10,000 yrs. ago
• ape-like creature to Homo sapien – hunter gatherer
• used tools made of stones, flints, bones, and even antlers
• Nomadic or semi-nomadic
• Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolihtic Periods

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LOWER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

• development of simple tools • Cultural development, NEANDERTHAL MAN – early ancestor

• Stone chopper – more hen million year ago Australopthecus
• 10 000 to 500 000 year old stone tool made by Homo erectus
ancestors
• Hunting and food gathering
from 40 000 to 100 000years ago
• Cave man – fire, stone tool of flake type
• Implements needle for sewing body covering (fur and skin)
• Evidence of painting the dead before the burial

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UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD TRIVIA

• Period was known for communal hunting, extensive fishing,
cloth sewing, sculpture, painting and made personal ornaments JOHN LUBBOCK 1865 DERIVED
out of bone, horn and ivory. PALAEOLITHIC FROM GREEK PALAIOS,
• Man made dwelling called pit houses “OLD”; LITHOS “ STONE” -
• Arts arose OLD STONE AGE OR OLD AGE OF THE
• Had have highly refined weapons like flint, obsidian projectile STONES
points and blades

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MIDDLE STONE NEW STONE

• mesolithic period • . wide domestication of plants and animals
• people began to learn fishing along rivers and lake • used stone tools and pottery and weaving in numerous
shores settled villages
• make pottery and use bow • had cultural and technological development on agriculture
• gradual transition from food hunting to agriculture
• they used tools called microliths

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BRONZE AGE BRONZE AGE

• during 3000 BC – 1200 BC • alloy of metals exist
• period is marked by the introduction of metal tools in these
• large early trading center existed
cultures.
• tools and weapons were already made with copper and • bronze used to make tools and weapons
bronze • farm tools and weapons were being made
• metal extractions was achieved from ore ( process known as • new metal was expensive to make
smelting)

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IRON AGE TRIVIA

• 1500 BC – 450 AD • A.D. MEANS ANNO DOMINI; LATIN PHRASE
• articles made of iron. MEANING “ IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD”
• subdivided into two (2) smaller groups:
• 1. dark (450- 1000 ad)
• 2. high middle ages (1000 – 1450 AD)

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Iron Ages/ CHINA Iron Ages/ CHINA

• papers • gun powder
• seismograph • guns
• animal harness • cannons
• water – power
• printing press
• mechanical clock
• magnetic compass
• wheel barrow
• hydraulic engineering works (water way control & irrigation)

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Iron Ages/ EUROPE Iron Ages/ EUROPE

• economy – feudalism system( combination of legal and military • magnetic compass
customs in medieval europe) • water mill and wind mill
• education – cathedral schools w/c then became universities • lenses with spectacles
• technology • gunpowder and cannon
* horse collar • paper and printing
* clock/watch

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Iron Ages/ EUROPE Iron Ages/ INDIA

• medicine
- involved magic, faith, charm, prayer and herbs
- poor hygiene and sanitation in general
• medicine/science/ mathematics
- information on the diseases and drugs.
- information on astronomical bodies were gathered.
- have knowledge in solving square roots and linear equations.
- metallurgy was developed (material science and engineering that
studies the physical and chemical behaviors of metallic elements)

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Iron Ages/ PRE- COLUMBIAN AMERICA Iron Ages/ PRE- COLUMBIAN AMERICA

thrived in by three(3) groups of people:

mayan – 365 days (18 months & 20 days)/ cocoa beans were
1. mayan used as monetary units
2. aztec aztec – 365 days (18 months)
incas – 365 days; wool; chili and avocado were widely
3. incas
cultivated

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(SEATWORK #1)
GIVE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE
FOLLOWING:
1. COMPUTER
2. INTERNET
3. WORLD WIDE WEB
EXPLAIN THE SCIENTIFIC
4. E-MAIL REVOLUTION.
5. FACEBOOK
6. TWITTER
7. MESSENGER
8. YOUTUBE
9. GOOGLE
10. INSTAGRAM

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EXPLAIN THE SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.

REVOLUTION.

ANSWER:
PERIOD WITH GREAT SCIENTIFIC
1. Universe Model By Nicholas Copernicus
INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENTS THAT - Describes the sun as the center of the
LED TO RADICAL CHANGES IN universe; and that the earth and other planets
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRIES. revolve around it in circles.

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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.

2. Law of Planetary Motion (by Johannes 3. Work of Motion ( by Galileo Galilei)-

Kepler) – All planets revolve around the sun Involves the discovery of the relations
in elliptical, not circular, orbits and that among distance, velocity and acceleration
closer planents to the sun move faster than and the law of enertia using scientific
the others. approaches.

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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.

4. Law of Universal Gravitation ( by

Isaac Newton)- states that the particles Industrial Revolution
using a force that is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely to the
square of the distance between their centers.

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Industrial Revolution (1750 -1895 AD) Industrial Revolution

• - with complex technological inventions that • - Remarkable technological advancement:
actually replaced human and animals forces.
• Textile, Coal and Iron and steel,
• - covers the complex technological innovations that Transportation, Communication, Lighting
lead to the substitution of machines and inanimate
and Agriculture.
power for human skills and animal forces.

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Industrial Revolution
• Some of the Inventions are:
• Radio, Telephone, Electric Telegraph, Gas
Lighting, Bunsen Burners, Electric Light,
Seed Drill, Steam ship, Steam Boat,Blast
furnace and fly-shuttle and cotton gin, etc.
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18th to 19th Century
• The connection between science and
technology was very minimal.
• Science, technology and industry united at a
common ground and cause,
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18th to 19th Century
Some of the Inventions are:
• Atomic Theory – John Dalton
• Joseph John Thomson – Discovery of
Electron
• Discovery of Cell – Robert Hooke
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Industrial Revolution
• Some of the Inventions are:
• Radio, Telephone, Electric Telegraph, Gas
Lighting, Bunsen Burners, Electric Light,
Seed Drill, Steam ship, Steam Boat,Blast
furnace and fly-shuttle and cotton gin, etc.
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18th to 19th Century
Some of the Inventions are:
• Cell or Battery – Alessandro Volta
• Discovery of X-ray – Wilhelm Roentgen
• Mercury Thermometer – Daniel Gabriel
Fahrenheit
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18th to 19th Century
Some of the Inventions are:
• Introduced binomial nomenclature of
classifying species – Carolus Linnaeus
• Discovered cell nucleus – Robert Brown
• Vaccine against rabies – Louis Pasteur
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20th Century to Date
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20th Century to Date
• Physics, Biology, Astronomy, Chemistry,
Earth Science, Biotechnology,
Communication, Defense, Energy,
Entertainment, Medicine, Transportation,
Information and Computer Technology.
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20th Century to Date
Some of the Inventions are:
First Walk on the Moon – Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin
Paper Chromatography – Mikhail Tsvet
DNA structure – James Watson & Francis Crick
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20th Century to Date
• Science and technology had structurally and
methodologically changed.
• Many scientific theories were introduced and
had influenced technological works in this
century.
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20th Century to Date
Some of the Inventions are:
Theory of Relativity – Albert Einstein
Discovery of Proton – Ernest Rutherford
Discovery of neutron – James Chadwick
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20th Century to Date
Some of the Inventions are:
*Sheep Cloning (named Dolly) – Ian Wilmut
*Discovery of Stratosphere – Leon Philippe
Teisserenc de Bort
* Discovery of Earth’s Crust and mantle
boundary – Andrija Mohorovicic
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20th Century to Date
Some of the Inventions are:
*Continental Drift Theory – Alfred Wegener
* Theory of Seafloor Spreading - Harry Hess
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20th Century to Date
* Laser printer, internet, artificial heart,
mammography, pacemaker, test tube
baby, x-ray laser, airplane, helicopter,
jet engine and space shuttle, etc.
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Information Age
*Sometimes called Digital Age, new
media age or information age.
*Coupled with the birth of personal
computers.
*Era with easy access on any piece of
information
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20th Century to Date
* Biosensor, DNA fingerprinting, gene cloning,
synthetic skin, Radio, Cellular phone, fiber
optics. Tear gas, army tank, atomic bomb, neon
lights, nuclear power plants, solar power,
Calculator, Computer floppy Disk, video
cassette, Betamax video system,colored TV
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INFORMATION AGE
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Information Age
The period characterized by the change
from traditional industry to an economy
that is founded on computerization of
information.
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Information Age
JOHANNES GUTENBERG, in
Europe, a German blacksmith and
publisher who introduced “ movable
type printing”
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The Pre – Gutenberg World
- books were written and
produced by hand
-made in surface of clay,
wax,papyrus and parchment
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The Gutenberg Revolution
- began with the introduction of movable
printing.
- Books were initially written in Latin.
- - Books contained religious text of the
medieval period.
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The Pre - Gutenberg World
- printing press was not yet
around
- Information could be
processed in a tedious manner
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The Pre - Gutenberg World
- books are restricted only to
the elite group of people.
Information was only relayed to
other through a word-of-mouth
channels.
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The Gutenberg Revolution
- later on the local languages
were used and medical books
were also published.
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The Post- Gutenberg World
- era can be describes as the
emergence of the internet and
the world wide web.
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The Post- Gutenberg World
- Passing of information is
much faster and easier
-People publishes or spreads
information
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The Post- Gutenberg World
- the rise of digital age
-Printing presses are not the only tools
used in spreading information.
-computers, cell phones, digital
cameras, computer printers are now
available.
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The Post- Gutenberg World
- paved the way to the possible
uploading and downloading of
all forms of media instruments
such as video, audio, and
images.
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The Post- Gutenberg World
- the rise of digital age
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Computer
• Discovered by Charles Babbage, English
Mechanical engineer.
• Considered the father of modern
computer.
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Internet Internet
• Developed in California, US in the late • People behind the creations are: Vinton
of 1960’s. Cerf and Robert Kahn.
• Used by scientists to communicate

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www or world wide web email- or Electronic Mail

• discovered by Sir Tim Berners – Lee, a • discovered by V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai, an
British computer scientist, started 1990’s Indian- born American Scientist and
for commercial purposes. enterpreneurs(started 1978)
• Copyright of email was granted in 1982.

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Facebook Twitter
• First launched in Feb.4, 2004. • Created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey,
Noah Glass, Biz Stone, Evan Williams
• Social Networking website • Networking website
• By MarkZuckerberg • Messages restricted only for up to 140
characters.

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Messenger Youtube
• it was originally developed as Facebook • Made by Chad Hurley and Steve Chen.
chat in 2008 but changed its messaging • Best way by which videos can shared.
service in 2010.

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Google
• Developed by Larry Page & Sergey Brin.
• Registered in September 1997.
• Yahoo(Japan) is the great competitors of
google.
Instagram
• Created by Kevin Systrom abd Mike
Krieger in October of 2010.

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Other Social Media Advantage

• Bing, LinkIn., iTunes, hi5, • Used to compete globally

• Replaced the human workers.
Myspace, etc. • High productivity in the workplace
• Give comfort living to humans.

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st
a

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ACTIVITY 1

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DEBATE (15 MINUTES)

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GIVE YOUR STAND ON THE

POSITIVE EFFECT OF(A)
ANCIENT
ACTIVITY 2
AGE AND (B) INFORMATION
AGE

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TASKS: GROUP 1
• THROUGH A SHORT ROLE PLAYING OR
SONG GIVE THE SIGNIFICANT EVENT/ • SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
HIGHLIGHT EVENT/ SOCIETAL FEATURES
OR DESCRIBE THE SCIENCE AND (1440 -1690 AD)
TECHNOLOGY DURING THE FOLLOWING
DIFFERENT PERIODS:

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GROUP 2 GROUP 3
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • 18TH TO 19TH CENTURY
(1750 – 1895 AD)

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GROUP 4 GROUP 5 (Philippine Setting)

• 20TH CENTURY TO DATE • Precolonial Period

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GROUP 6 (Philippine Setting) GROUP 7 (Philippine Setting)

• Spanish Regime • American Regime

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GROUP 8 (Philippine Setting) GROUP 9 (Philippine Setting)

• Commonwealth Period •Period Since

Independence
(1935 – 1945)
(1946 onward)

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OUTPUT/PERFORMANCE OUTPUT/PERFORMANCE
Criteria:( Song) Criteria:( Role Playing)
Lyrics = 30% Content = 30%
Originality = 30% Originality = 30%
Interpretation = 20% Interpretation = 20%
Creativity = 20% Creativity = 20%
TOTAL : 100% TOTAL : 100%

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• Since we are not done yet with the

discussion. Groups 1 to 4 will do the first
activity right after the debate next
meeting.

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