K to 12 (also K-12) is an education system under the Department of Education

that aims to enhance learners’ basic skills, produce more competent citizens,
and prepare graduates for lifelong learning and employment. “K” stands for
Kindergarten and “12” refers to the succeeding 12 years of basic education (6
years of elementary education, 4 years of junior high school, and 2 years of
senior high school).
At present, the Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of only three
countries in the world with a 10-year pre-university program.
WHAT IS K-12 PROGRAM?
The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years
of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High
School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop
lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

WHY K-12 ?
Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical.
Why?
Poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino
students in the National Achievement Test and international tests like TIMSS (Trends
In Math and Science Subject); partly due to the congested curriculum; The current 10-
year basic education curriculum is designed to be taught in 12 years.

 Our high school graduates are: > not adequately prepared for the world of work
(most of the basic education graduates are too young to legally enter the labor
force (legal age would be 18)
 not adequately prepared to pursue higher education; or if prepared; end up shifting
courses
The 10-year basic education cycle hinders the recognition of Filipino professionals
abroad.

 The Washington Accord prescribes 12-years of basic education as an entry to

recognition of engineering professionals.
 The Bologna Process also requires 12 years of education for university admission
and practice of profession in European countries.
The Philippines is the only country in Asia and among the three remaining countries
in the world that has a10-year basic education cycle.

ASEAN Integration 2015 (Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,

Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam)
 wider door for job markets HOWEVER competition will be tougher
 schools and universities have to compete with the world as “global athletes” not
just “barangay warriors”
 DepED, CHED, TESDA and DOLE should see to it that the academic curriculum
and technical skills would fit competition in the world market
The K to12 is Already a Law. REPUBLIC ACT 10533 “Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013”

THE K-12 PROGRAM OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
The Department of Education has in the past years been working towards the implementation of the
K-12 program that is designed to “provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop
lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,
employment, and entrepreneurship.” The extension of the basic education to 12 years seeks to boost the
quality of Philippine education to make it at par with that of other countries. The K-12 program is
described to have six salient features: 1) strengthening early childhood education through universal
Kindergarten, 2) making the curriculum relevant to learners, 3) ensuring integrated and seamless
learning, 4) building proficiency through use of mother tongue based multi-lingual education, 5)
provision of career tracks and 6) nurturing holistically developed Filipino. [1]

In the past year, several consultations have been conducted on the content and implementation of the
K-12 program. In such presentations, emphasis has been made on the curriculum of the major subject
areas and the provision of programs that will prepare students for vocational or non-academic
careers. What has not yet been communicated to the public is a curriculum and provisions to support the
non-academic formation of our students. The lack of attention to the non-academic formation is critical
considering that:

 The goal of the K-12 program that every graduate is equipped with information, media and
technology skills, learning and innovation skills, effective communication skills, and life and career
skills. However, these competencies require time to develop and attention needs to be given to the
design of a curriculum that will develop these.

 In the recent years, issues such as bullying and violence have become issues of concern in
schools. Currently, Department of Education’s has partnered with non-profit organizations and
other entities to provide training and information to teachers and parents on child protection. These
efforts are commendable and should continue. However, beyond awareness and capability building,
it is just as important to consider how this can be embedded in the curriculum, culture, systems and
structures of each school. For example, providing students with modules on assertiveness, personal
safety, gender sensitivity, valuing diversity may go a long way in helping create an environment of
safety for our students.
  Part of the success of the K-12 curriculum hinges on the ability of students to discern their career
goals and to obtain the necessary training to prepare them for this. However, currently it is reported
that only a minority of public schools have legitimate guidance counselors and with some schools
having only 1 guidance counselor for thousands of students.

 The dearth of guidance counselors in schools is exacerbated by the lack of licensed guidance
counselors and low enrollment in guidance and counseling. One possible opportunity, however, is
the rise in popularity of Psychology and the implementation of the Psychology Law that now
licenses psychologists.

 In the K-12 program, classes that are typically given to college freshmen and sophomores will be
offered in grades 11 and 12. The most recent curriculum shows that courses on Math, English,
History, etc will now being offered in grades 11 and 12. However, Introduction to Psychology, a
course that used to be required for all college freshmen, is no longer a requirement in the K-12
program.

 During one consultation meeting, the CHED Technical Panels in Psychology and Guidance and
Counseling recommended that to address the dearth of guidance counselors and need for
supervision on career directions, a class on Personal Development/Effectiveness be offered to
provide a venue for students to discern their career directions. However, this proposal was not
accepted.

Given all these, we ask that the Department of Education to consider the following recommendations:

1. Develop a non-academic curriculum parallel as part of the K-12 academic curriculum;

2. Develop modules and train teachers to implement the non-academic curriculum given the dearth of
guidance counselors;
3. Include Introduction to Psychology (or an equivalent course) as a required course in the K-12
curriculum;
4. Hire school psychologists as alternative to guidance counselors; and
5. Encourage public schools to consider non-academic issues and take a holistic, organization
development perspective in building a culture conducive to the caring and protection of children.

Education
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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For other uses, see Education (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with training, learning, or competence.

Lecture at the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, in Prague, Czech Republic

School children sitting in the shade of an orchard in Bamozai, near Gardez, Paktya Province, Afghanistan

Student participants in the FIRST Robotics Competition, Washington, D.C.

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition

of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods
include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes
place under the guidance of educators, however learners may also educate themselves.[1] Education
can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the
way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is
called pedagogy.
Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages
as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university,
or apprenticeship.
A right to education has been recognized by some governments and the United Nations.[2] In most
regions, education is compulsory up to a certain age. There is a movement for education reform, and
in particular for evidence-based education.

History
Main article: History of education
Historical Madrasah in Baku, Azerbaijan

Nalanda, ancient centre for higher learning

Plato's academy, mosaic from Pompeii

Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed
necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation.
Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures
began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal
education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom.[4]
Matteo Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elementspublished in 1607

Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe.[5] The city
of Alexandria in Egypt, established in 330 BCE, became the successor to Athens as the intellectual
cradle of Ancient Greece. There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BCE.
European civilizations suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome in
CE 476.[6]
In China, Confucius (551–479 BCE), of the State of Lu, was the country's most influential ancient
philosopher, whose educational outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbours
like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucius gathered disciples and searched in vain for a ruler who
would adopt his ideals for good governance, but his Analects were written down by followers and
have continued to influence education in East Asia into the modern era.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education