KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

CHERO,SALEMPUR,DEORIA
Physics project
FILE session 2018-19

Submitted By -
Abhishek Kushwaha Submitted To -
Class 12th science Sh. S. P. Gupta
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ABHISHEK KUSHWAHA of class 12th
science has successfully completed this project report titled
“ To find the resistivity of wires of different metals
using Ohm’s law” under my supervision.

Signature of examiner: Signature of teacher:

Signature of principal:
 Acknowledgement
As a student of class XII, I did this project as a part of my studies
titled “ To find the resistivity of wires of different metals using
Ohm’s law” I owe a deep sense of gratitude to my physics teacher
whose valuable advice, guidance help me in doing this project from
conception to completion. At the same time I can't forget to express
my thankfulness to Principal of our School for extending his generous
patronage and constant encouragement. Finally, I am thankful to my
parents for helping me economically and my friends for giving me a
helping hand at every step of the project.
Abhishek kushwaha
Class 12th science
INDEX
1. Topic name
2. Aim
3. Introduction
4. Apparatus Required
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Calculation
8. Result
9. Precautions
10. Bibliography
Topic
Ohm’s law
 Aim
“To find the resistivity of wires of
different metals using Ohm’s law. ”
 Introduction
Ohm's law states that the current through a
conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the potential
difference across the two points.
Introducing the constant of proportionality,
the resistance, one arrives at the usual
mathematical equation that describes this
relationship:
I = V/ R
 I = V/R
where I is the current through the conductor in
units of amperes, V is the potential difference
measured across the conductor in units of volts,
and R is the resistance of the conductor in units
of ohms. More specifically, Ohm's law states that
the R in this relation is constant, independent of
the current.
 Resistance

The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of

its opposition to the flow of electric current. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, and is the
ease with which an electric current passes. Electrical
resistance shares some conceptual parallels with the
notion of mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical
resistance is the ohm ( Ω), while electrical
conductance is measured in siemens (S).
 Resistivity

Electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical

resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental
property of a material that quantifies how strongly that
material opposes the flow of electric current. A low
resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow
of electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented
by the Greek letter ρ (rho). The SI unit of electrical
resistivity is the ohm-metre ( Ω⋅m).
 Apparatus Required

👉 4 wires of different metals.

👉 A battery eliminator
👉D.C.Voltmeter ( range 3V )
👉 D.C.Ammeter ( range about 500mA)
👉 A rheostat
👉 one plug key
👉 thick Connecting wires
👉 Sand paper
 Procedure
1- Arrange the various components of the circuit accordingly with
plug out of one-way key.
2- Rub the ends of the connecting wires with a sand paper to
remove any oxidized insulating coating.Study the circuit carefully
and make tight connections according using thick connecting wires.
3- Ensure the ammeter connected in series with the resistance wire
with its positive terminal towards the positive of the battery. Also
ensure the voltmeter connected in parallel to resistance coil R in
such manner that the current enters at it’s positive end.
4- Connect the rheostat such that it’s lower terminals and the upper
terminals are used.
5- Insert the plug in key K.

6- Adjust the rheostat so that small current flows through the

circuit. And record the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.

7- Shift the rheostat contact to shift the current and take the
readings again.

8- Cut the resistance wire at the ends just coming out of voltmeter.
Stretch it along the meter and measure it’s length ‘ l ‘ .

9- Observations recorded.
 Observation tables
Iron wire
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20V 1.3Ω
200mA 0.25V 1.001Ω
300mA 0.30V 1.0Ω

Aluminum wire
Current Voltage Resistance
200mA 0.10V 0.5Ω
300mA 0.20V 0.66Ω
400mA 0.30V 0.75Ω
MangAnim wire
Current Voltage Resistance
150mA 0.20V 1.3Ω
200mA 0.30V 1.5Ω
300mA 0.40V 1.3Ω

Copper wire

Current Voltage Resistance

150mA 0.10V 0.5Ω
200mA 0.20V 0.54Ω
300mA 0.30V 0.6Ω
 Calculation
For iron wire
For aluminum wire
For manganim wire
For copper wire
 Result

The resistivity of wires are:

⚠️PrecautiOns ⚠️

 Connection should be tight.

 Short circuiting should be avoided.
 The plug should be interested only while taking
Observations otherwise current would cause
unnecessary heating in the circuit.
 Bibliography

● http:/ /www.google.com/

● http:/ / en.wikipedia.org

● ncert class12TH

● lab manual physics 12th