DISTANCE RELAY REACH CALCULATIONS

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.152460 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.348480 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.457380 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.045440 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

CT Ratio (CTR) 600 1 A

PT Ratio (PTR) 66000 110 V

Arc Resistance 8.0000 Ω

Tower Foot Resistance 4.0000 Ω
Line Length 4.0000 KM

Length of the Shortest Line 3.5000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.152460 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.348480 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.457380 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.045440 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

Length of the Longest Line 4.0000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.152460 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.348480 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.457380 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.045440 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

Secondary Reach Values

Total Positive Seq. Resistance 0.609840 Ω
Total Positive Seq. Reactance 1.393920 Ω
Total Zero Seq. Resistance 1.829520 Ω
Total Zero Seq. Reactance 4.181760 Ω

ZONE 1 80 %

Distance Coverage 3.2000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.487872 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 1.115136 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 1.463616 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 3.345408 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.4879 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 10.4879 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 1.1151 Ω
ZONE 2 50 + 100 = 150 %

Distance Coverage 1.7500 + 4.0000 = 5.7500 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.266805 + 0.609840 = 0.876645 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 0.609840 + 1.393920 = 2.003760 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 0.800415 + 1.829520 = 2.629935 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 1.829520 + 4.181760 = 6.011280 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.8766 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 10.8766 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 2.0038 Ω

ZONE 3 20 + 100 = 120 %

Distance Coverage 0.8000 + 4.0000 = 4.8000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.121968 + 0.609840 = 0.731808 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 0.278784 + 1.393920 = 1.672704 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 0.365904 + 1.829520 = 2.195424 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 0.836352 + 4.181760 = 5.018112 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.7318 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 10.7318 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 1.6727 Ω

ZONE 4 40 + 100 = 140 %

Distance Coverage 1.6000 + 4.0000 = 5.6000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.243936 + 0.609840 = 0.853776 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 0.557568 + 1.393920 = 1.951488 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 0.731808 + 1.829520 = 2.561328 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 1.672704 + 4.181760 = 5.854464 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.8538 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 10.8538 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 1.9515 Ω

ZONE 5 20 ( % of Zone 1) 20 (% of Maxmium Zone

ie., Zone3 or Zone4)
Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 0.8976 Ω 0.9708
Resistance Ph-E Fault 2.0976 Ω 2.1708
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 0.2230 Ω 0.3903
R load (prim) = U min / 1.732 * I max = #DIV/0!
R load (sec)(ph-E) = (NCT/NVT)*R load (prim) = #DIV/0!
R load (ph-ph) = R load(ph-E)+5% of R load(ph-E) = #DIV/0!

Cos phi = 0.8 assumed

phi = 36.8699 degree
PHI I = 41.8699 degree
DISTANCE RELAY REACH CALCULATIONS

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.159150 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.368500 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.477450 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.105209 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

CT Ratio (CTR) 500 1 A

PT Ratio (PTR) 66000 110 V

Arc Resistance 8.0000 Ω

Tower Foot Resistance 4.0000 Ω
Line Length 5.2000 KM

Length of the Shortest Line 5.2000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.159150 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.368500 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.477450 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.105209 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

Length of the Longest Line 9.6000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance / KM R1= 0.159150 Ω

Positive Seq. Reactance / KM X1= 0.368500 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance / KM R01= 0.477450 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance / KM X01= 1.105209 Ω
Mutual Resistance / KM R0M= 0.000000 Ω
Mutual Reactance / KM X0M= 0.000000 Ω

Secondary Reach Values

Total Positive Seq. Resistance 0.827580 Ω
Total Positive Seq. Reactance 1.916200 Ω
Total Zero Seq. Resistance 2.482740 Ω
Total Zero Seq. Reactance 5.747087 Ω

ZONE 1 80 %

Distance Coverage 4.1600 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.662064 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 1.532960 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 1.986192 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 4.597669 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 3.8851 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 8.8851 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 1.2775 Ω
ZONE 2 50 + 100 = 150 %

Distance Coverage 2.6000 + 5.2000 = 7.8000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.413790 + 0.827580 = 1.241370 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 0.958100 + 1.916200 = 2.874300 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 1.241370 + 2.482740 = 3.724110 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 2.873543 + 5.747087 = 8.620630 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.3678 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 9.3678 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 2.3953 Ω

ZONE 3 100 + 100 = 200 %

Distance Coverage 9.6000 + 5.2000 = 14.8000 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 1.527840 + 0.827580 = 2.355420 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 3.537600 + 1.916200 = 5.453800 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 4.583520 + 2.482740 = 7.066260 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 10.610006 + 5.747087 = 16.357093 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 5.2962 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 10.2962 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 4.5448 Ω

ZONE 4 40 + 100 = 140 %

Distance Coverage 3.8400 + 5.2000 = 9.0400 KM

Positive Seq. Resistance 0.611136 + 0.827580 = 1.438716 Ω
Positive Seq. Reactance 1.415040 + 1.916200 = 3.331240 Ω
Zero Seq. Resistance 1.833408 + 2.482740 = 4.316148 Ω
Zero Seq. Reactance 4.244003 + 5.747087 = 9.991089 Ω

Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 4.5323 Ω

Resistance Ph-E Fault 9.5323 Ω
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 2.7760 Ω

ZONE 5 20 ( % of Zone 1) 20 (% of Maxmium Zone

ie., Zone3 or Zone4)
Resistance Ph-Ph Fault 0.7770 Ω 1.0592
Resistance Ph-E Fault 1.7770 Ω 2.0592
Reactance for both Ph-Ph & Ph-E Fault 0.2555 Ω 0.9090