حماية النظم الكهربائية عملى

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥٥ 

 ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

???‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬short circuits ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬open circuit  ‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ERelays‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Protective transformers   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬KE ‫א‬{F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬{  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEsingle phase and three phase protective transformersF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬{
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬–‫א‬––F
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
14‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W١‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٢F
  Variable 3 Φ Power Supply ‫א‬K
 thermal relays ‫א‬ ‫א‬  7A   3x (0-380 V)  
 K6.5 A  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
Power circuit breaker module (cat no 74556) ‫א‬K
Ammeter  K
 OhmmeterK
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K
‫א‬٣F
‫א‬‫א‬E٣٫١
 ‫א‬J 
١‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  


 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Voltage
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Rated Frequency
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated continuous current
  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Breaking Current
  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Short-time current
 W١

 W‫א‬‫א‬J 
KE1.1F
 
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 

 W1.1‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬–
 1.2 ‫א‬K
K
F
R
A


 K‫א‬‫א‬W1.2

 ١WF
  ٣WR
 ‫א‬WK
WA
 WU
   OFF ‫א‬‫א‬K
  220 Ω‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   K ON    ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 0.5 A‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬1/10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ (٣٫٢
 ‫א‬ J 
٢ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  


 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Voltage
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Rated Frequency
   ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated insulation
voltage
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
Rated impulse
 withstand voltage
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated continuous
 current
  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Breaking
 Current
  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated making current
  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Short-time
current


 W٢
 ‫א‬–
 {‫א‬
 { EBreakersF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEKK{F‫א‬
 K{‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 1.3‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ EK‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬KA, B ‫א‬‫א‬
K 

L1
L1
L2
L2
L3 L3
B
N N
K
PE
PE
74556


 ‫א‬W1.3
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٥


-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 ١‫א‬
 ١٠
 ‫א‬٪٨٠W‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKW ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬K
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١F
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬{  
F‫א‬ ‫א‬{K(Pick-up Current)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KERelease currentF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 
‫א‬Pick-up Current‫א‬Release current‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.1‫א‬

2
3
5
1
7
8 6

 W2.1
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 ‫א‬ -3
‫א‬ -4
‫א‬ -5
 -6
 -7
 ‫א‬‫א‬-8

 ‫א‬‫א‬(٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٣
 Circuit Breaker Module (cat.74556) W‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3Φ transformer (cat no 74550) 3ΦK
‫א‬‫א‬  K1Φ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K380 V220 V   
 W
Un = 380 V   Un + 5 % , Un - 5% , Un - 10 % , Un - 15 %
 3Φ Resistive load (cat no 73310) 3Φ K
{ R = 0 …1000 Ω 3Φ
 K3 A‫א‬‫א‬KR = 22 Ω 
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 Electronic Start / Stop watchW K

 K
‫א‬K
o
3Φ Over-current definite time relay ( cat n 75525)
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Pick-up current) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (0.5 → 5 A) 50.5‫א‬
 (0.1→ 10 Sec)‫א‬100.1‫א‬‫א‬
 220 VA1 , A2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 Measurement of Pick-up and release current ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2.2‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 100 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 1 sec‫א‬K
 ‫א‬0.5 A‫א‬K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 0.75 A , 1 A , 1.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

١٫٥ ١ ٠٫٧٥ ٠٫٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
     ‫א‬
     ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

  1.5 A  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 E1.2 A‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

 Measurement of Relay Operating Time‫א‬E٤{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.2‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Start Stop
To output Signal of
Circuit Breaker
Module
Relay
To contacts 11 - 12


 K‫א‬‫א‬ 100 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 2 sec‫א‬K
K1A‫א‬K
ON ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬1A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 KOFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬R ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬Reset‫א‬‫א‬K
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ON 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 4, 6, 8, 10 secW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 t(set) seconds  2  4 6  8 10
t (measured) seconds     

- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
1000
Ω
1
2
745 25
A
220
V
74 550
L1 N PE
L2 L3

 ‫א‬W2.2

- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬ E١
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤


- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬


- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :٣‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬(١
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬E  ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  K1Φ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K380 V220 V   
 W
Un = 380 V   Un + 5 % , Un - 5% , Un - 10 % , Un - 15 %
 { R = 0 …1000 Ω 3Φ
 K3 A‫א‬‫א‬KR = 22 Ω 
 K
3Φ Inverse-time overcurrent-relay ( cat n 75523)K‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
E‫א‬‫א‬FIB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J

- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣{١‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3Φ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 100 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Instantaneous Stage >>: 0
 k = 10x0.01 = 0.1 ‫א‬‫א‬Time factor k = 10
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Base current IB = 2
IB = 2 x 0.2 = 0.4 A
 ON‫א‬3 Φ ‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K0.42 – 0.44 A0.4 A‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
k × 0.14
 ‫א‬ = t = sec onds
( )
I 0.02
−1
IB
 E0.1 ‫א‬F‫א‬= k
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= I
 E0.4 A ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= IB
I
 ∞‫א‬ =1 ‫א‬0.4 A 
IB
 K‫א‬IBI ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬click ‫א‬‫א‬K
 EK‫א‬F
 0.6 A , 0.8 A , 1.0 A, 1.2 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

 1.2  1.0  0.8 0.6  0.4 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
      ‫א‬
      ‫א‬
     ‫א‬

‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻹﻋﺘﺎق‬
 = ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك‬
‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻹﻟﺘﻘﺎط‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
k = 10 IB = 2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0.6 A , 0.8 A , 1.0 A, 1.2 A

 I 0.6  0.8  1.0 1.2

I    
IB
 t    

 K‫א‬ I
t‫א‬‫א‬k = 20 ‫א‬K
IB
 







- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
74523
1000
A 220 V
AC
745 550
74556
N PE
L1 L2 L3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬W3.1
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬ E١
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬
‫؟‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤


- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣‫א‬
 ١٠
 ‫א‬٪٨٠W‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬


- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
EΠ J١٠٠F ‫א‬
 EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 J
J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢F
 circuit breaker module (cat n 74556) K
3Φ transformer (cat n 74556) 3ΦK
 3Φ Resistive load (cat n 73310) 3Φ K
3Φ Inverse-time overcurrent-relay ( cat n 75523) K
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Transmission Line Module (cat n 74551) K
‫א‬K380 kV, 3Φ π‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  144 km  216 km 360 km‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ C , L , R ‫א‬‫א‬

١٤٤ ٢١٦ ٣٦٠ km‫א‬
٥ ٨ ١٣  Ω‫א‬
١١٦ ١٧٤ ٢٩٠  mH‫א‬
٢ ٣ ٥  µF‫א‬
- ٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W360 kmπ ‫א‬‫א‬
R = 13 Ω, L = 290 mH, CB = 5 µF
 W360 kmπ ‫א‬‫א‬

R = 13 Ω, L = 290 mH, CB = 5 µF
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬–٣{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
4.1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K 1-2 ‫א‬‫א‬1Sec 1 A ‫א‬‫א‬K
  Un-15% ‫א‬K
  100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬
 3Φ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 3Φ Short circuit at end of transmission line ‫א‬Φ٣–٣٫٢
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 WE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ3Φ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

- ٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
L-L short circuit at end of transmission line ‫א‬J ٣٫٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 WE‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬J ٣٫٤
  OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4.1
- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬


- ٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫א‬


- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J
J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(time relay)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢F
3Φ Over-current Definite time relay ( cat n 75525) K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Pick-up current) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (0.5 → 5 A) ٥٠٫٥‫א‬
 (0.1→ 10 Sec)‫א‬١٠٠٫١‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W360 kmπ ‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
R = 13 Ω, L = 290 mH, CB = 5 µF
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬–٣٫١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K 1-2 ‫א‬‫א‬1Sec 1 A ‫א‬‫א‬K
  Un-15% ‫א‬K
  100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬
 3Φ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 3Φ Short circuit at end of transmission line ‫א‬Φ٣–٣٫٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 WE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ3Φ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

L-L short circuit at end of transmission line ‫א‬J ٣٫٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 WE‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬J ٣٫٤
  OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B A ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬











- ٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5.1
- ٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬


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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢F
K
3Φ Over-current Definite time relay ( cat n 75525)
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W360 kmπ ‫א‬‫א‬
R = 13 Ω, L = 290 mH, CB = 5 µF

 ‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬–٣٫١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 6.1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ١-٢‫א‬‫א‬1 Sec 1A ‫א‬‫א‬K
  Un-15% ‫א‬K
- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 3Φ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 1Φ earth short circuit at end of ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣٫٢
 transmission line
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKZ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣٫٣
  OFF 3Φ ‫א‬K
6.1‫א‬‫א‬K
  1 Sec5 Sec ‫א‬‫א‬K
 100 %‫א‬K
ON‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬5‫א‬90 %3Φ‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬K
 80%3Φ‫א‬J
 70%3Φ‫א‬J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬J ٣٫٤
 OFF 3Φ ‫א‬K
 6.1‫א‬‫א‬K
  5 Sec2 Sec ‫א‬‫א‬K
 100 %‫א‬K
ON‫א‬‫א‬K
0%3Φ‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K100%‫א‬
- ٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W6.1
 ‫א‬
- ٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫א‬


- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧‫א‬
  (١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
{  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE1‫א‬FK‫א‬
‫א‬A, B, C, D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KEA ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬0.3 – 0.4 sec 
 K
D C B A
F4 F3 F2

 ‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢ A‫א‬ F1
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.6 B  ‫א‬F2  
‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Differential protection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Bus bars‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{KMerz-Price‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 K
 K7.2 7.1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
C.T1 C.T2
If
If
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
If If
IRelay= 0
R
{‫א‬{W7.1 
 ‫א‬
C.T1 If C.T2
If
If
/
R IRelay= If /n

{‫א‬‫א‬{W7.2
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬(٣
220/220 V , 200 VA : 1ΦK
‫א‬K
- ٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
1Φ Over-current definite time relay ( cat no 745291)

‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Pick-up current) ‫א‬‫א‬
 (0.5 → 5 A) 5 0.2‫א‬
 (0.1→ 10 Sec)‫א‬100.1‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 1 Φ current transformer (cat. No 74510)‫א‬2K
  ‫א‬K1 A‫א‬5 A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1Φ
‫א‬‫א‬1.1-1.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ Tap
 5:1 1.2-1.3 ‫א‬‫א‬{1:1
 K‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 7.3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 1 Sec 0.2 A ‫א‬‫א‬K
  100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬1.1-1.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1:1 ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬E٤{١
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 I2 =2 A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 I1 = ……… A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  ‫א‬K
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ON ‫א‬K
 I1 = ……… A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 I2 = ……… A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬(٤٫٣
 ‫؟‬4.1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
١٠
A
1.2
745 10
1.
1.1
745291
220/220 V ,
200 VA
220 V
AC
1.2
745 10
1.3
1.1
Aِ
74556
L
N PE
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W7.3 
- ٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬


- ٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬


- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
٨
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W٨‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W (1
 static protection by earth fault relays
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
C.T  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 8.1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Kvoltage transformer
‫א‬ 10 kVA 5 
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K500 V 100‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 200 Ω 100‫א‬
K10 A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
12.2   K10 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8.1 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8.2 
- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬(٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫( א‬3
 Thermal relays  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    7A    3x (0-380 V)
     
 K6.5 A  
3Φ voltage transformer (cat No 74516) ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
(cat No 74514)‫א‬
 3Φ transformer (cat n 74550) 3ΦK
 earth fault relay (cat no 74532)K
(e-n) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kcat no74516 ‫א‬(e-n) ‫א‬‫א‬
 KUN = 100 V
 0.7 UN 0.3 UN ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K5S0.5S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 (cat no 745550F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 8.3 ‫א‬K
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 U A = 0.6 U R = 0.5 t = 0.5 S
UN UA
 100 %‫א‬3 Φ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 EdF‫א‬ c L1 ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 SecW‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

5 4 3  2 1 0.5 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
t set (sec)
      ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 t measured (sec)

 E٤{٢
100 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 8.4(LC load cat no 74531FL = 300 mH‫א‬KeL1‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K




- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8.3
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


W8.4 
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬E٥


- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬


- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
٩
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W٩‫א‬

W‫א‬E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
24 kV 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬500 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 13.8 kV
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9.1 ‫א‬‫א‬
Slip
Rings Rotor shaft
Exciter
Grounding
Brush
Rotor windings
High
Resistance Relay
R
Flow of Ground
Fault Current

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9.1 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R ‫א‬
- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
3Φ transformer (cat No 74550) ‫א‬K
0 V → 30 V K
K
K
DGF K
 ‫א‬‫א‬(٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1 S‫א‬K
 9.2‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬UN -15 % ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ON ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 1 A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
3Φ transformer (cat No 74550)
 
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Generator Field
380 V
Winding
3 -5 % -10 % -15 %
5%
Field Field
Breaker Breaker
DGF
Non-Linear R1 M R2
Resistor
DC Source
Voltage

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W9.2 

 R2R1‫א‬DGF ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EGenerator Field WindingF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KM ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١٠‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F

١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬{ 
 
‫א‬(Negative Sequence) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K(Zero Sequence) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬{‫א‬
Negative Sequence Relay‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{  ‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫ א‬   
 ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 KOpen Circuit Fault ‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K10.1 ‫א‬
A  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KC ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬FC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K0.5 ‫א‬EA ‫א‬
K
60o‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬
- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
C.T1
A
B
C.T2
C
X2 R2 R1
Zb Za
Za = Zb
R
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
Ia Ia
VZa
VZa
VZc
o
60
o
60
Ic Ib
Ib Ic
VZc
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
VZa + VZc = 0 VZa + VZc ≠ 0


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W10.1

C ‫א‬A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫ א‬٢‫א‬


 ‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 thermal relays ‫א‬ ‫א‬  7A   3x (0-380 V)  
 K6.5 A  
1 EA A.C Ammeters 1‫א‬K
{ R = 0 …1000 Ω  3ΦK
 K3 A‫א‬‫א‬KR = 22 Ω 
 Summation current transformer cat No 74530 K
 2.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬2.5 : 1 ‫א‬
‫א‬K
1Φ Over-current definite time relay ( cat no 745291)
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Pick-up current) ‫א‬‫א‬
 (0.5 → 5 A) 5 0.2‫א‬
 (0.1→ 10 Sec)‫א‬100.1‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 10.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬220 V‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K ‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K50 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 10.3 ‫א‬‫א‬K
220 V‫א‬K
 K50 %‫א‬‫א‬K
 2 sec‫א‬K
K1A‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬K
- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
R
٧٣٣ ١٠
1000 Ω
745 30 A
N
PE
L1
L2
L3
PE
L1
L3
L2


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W10.2
- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
R
٧٣٣ ١٠
1000
745 30
745291
L1
L2
L3
220 V
AC
7455
6
L1
L2
N
L3
PE
 ‫א‬‫א‬W10.3
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬


- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬ 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
١١
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
100 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE11.1F
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬80 %F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣F
1Φ Definite time overcurrent-relay (cat n 745291)K‫א‬K
Overvoltage/Undervoltage-time-lag relay (cat 45518) ‫א‬‫א‬K
 0.95 Un  0.7 Un ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 5 sec 0.5 sec ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
1:1 ‫א‬‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
11.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
0.95 Un 0.5 sec ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(undervoltage set operating value)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (undervoltage measured operating value)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (undervoltage measured release value)
  ‫א‬L‫א‬W‫א‬
(resetting ratio)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬

 E٤{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
11.3 ‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  3Φ ‫א‬K
 1 Sec 1.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬E3Φ transformer (cat no 74556)3ΦF‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ON ‫א‬K
 WE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٣
 K‫א‬4.2‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
C.T1
Phase A
C.T2 Phase B
C.T3 Phase C

‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬W11.1
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
1000 Ω
L
74518
A
V
74 550
74556
N PE
L1 L2 L3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W11.2

- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
74518
1000
74518
V
745291
74529
74 550
745291
74556
L1 L2 L3
N PE

‫א‬W11.3
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬


- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
١٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬(١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
12.1 ‫א‬‫א‬K
0.95 Un 0.5 sec ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬100% ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬1.1-1.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1:1 ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣{٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 12.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
- ٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬Un-15%Un-5%‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣{٣
Un-5%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Un-15%
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
1000
74518
A
V
74
7455
N P
L1 L2 L3

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W12.1
- ٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
22 Ω
0…100 %
٧٣٣ ١٠
R
74518
1000
74518
V
745291
745291
74 550
745291
74556
L1 L2 L3
N PE

 ‫א‬W12.2
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬


- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
١٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W١٣‫א‬

 E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
K(Restraint coil) (Operation coil)W‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE13.1 F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

C.T1 C.T2
If
I1 I2
‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ I1 - I2

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W13.1

‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{K(Trest)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ETopF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬(I1+I2 /2) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬I1+I2 ‫א‬‫א‬
2
 [
2 2
]
K 2 I 1 − I 2 〈 K1 ⎢
2 ⎡ I1 + I 2 ⎤
⎣ 2
⎥⎦

- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
−
 ⇒ I1 I 2 〈 K1 〈 K
I1 + I 2 K2
2
K K ‫א‬‫א‬ I1 − I 2 〈 K 

I1 + I 2
2
  K‫א‬   
    {K ‫א‬   
   ‫א‬ 
  
   
K‫א‬10% → 40% 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬13.2 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
C.T1 C.T4
Phase A
C.T5
C.T2 Phase B
C.T6 Phase C
C.T3
‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W13.2 
 ‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫( א‬٣
 thermal relays  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    7A   3x (0-380 V)  
 K6.5 A  
 1 Φ current transformer (cat. No 74510)‫א‬6K
3Φ Inverse-time overcurrent-relay ( cat n 75523)K‫א‬K
3Φ Resistive load (cat n 73310) 3Φ K
 LC load cat no 745313K
L = 300 mH  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
LC load cat no 74531
 ‫א‬2K
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 13.3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 1 Sec 0.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬K
  100% ‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬1.1-1.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1:1 ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬E٤{١
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 I2 =1 A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 I1 = ……… A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

- ٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ OFF  ‫א‬K
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ON ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 I1 = ……… A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 I2 = ……… A
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
٧٣٣ ١٠
A
74510
74523
220 V
AC
74531
L
L
L
74510
A
7455
6
N
L1
PE
L2
L3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 13.3 
- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬١٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬


- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١٤‫א‬

 (١
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Directional relays‫א‬‫א‬
{(Wattmeter)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Overcurrent Relays)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Directional Overcurrent Relays‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE14.1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
CT
A
C
Directional Unit
PT
Overcurrent Unit
 ‫א‬W14.1
 ‫א‬(٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣F
     
 K6.5 A  
 1Φdirectional earth fault relay (cat no 745292)  1Φ‫א‬K
 L-C- Load Module (cat n 74531) K

- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 14.2‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
R = 100 Ω ‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬ON ‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬100 volts0 volt ‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬K C = 30 µF  L = 300 mH  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
(cat n 74531)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬K

  R ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬
  L ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬
  C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬α‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
745292
220 V
AC
V
L1
PE
N
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W14.2

- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬١٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬


- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٤‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬


- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١‫א‬
 Determination of transformation ratio
and accuracy of 1 Φ C.T

 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
‫א‬ 1Φ C.T ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .(over-load) ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬٢F
 thermal relays ‫א‬ ‫א‬  7A   3x (0-380 V)  
 K6.5 A  
 1 Φ current transformer (cat. No 74510)‫א‬K
  ‫א‬K1 A‫א‬5 A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1Φ
‫א‬‫א‬1.1-1.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ Tap
 5:1 1.2-1.3 ‫א‬‫א‬{1:1
 Load for current transformer (cat No 74511) ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K6.5 A‫א‬R1 = 0.56 Ω 
 K‫א‬ (fuse) ‫א‬K1A‫א‬R2 = 0→56Ω
 3 Φ resistive load (cat No 73310) 3 ΦK
{ R = 0 …1000 Ω 3 Φ
 K3 A‫א‬‫א‬KR = 22 Ω 
- ٩٥ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
Set-up of full load experiment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K1.1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬3Φ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 (3x3A = 9 A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬100 % ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
 K0 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F1:1   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE1.1 – 1.2
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.1 A→1 A
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 ‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
(I 1 )
‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
(I 2 )
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
(Fi %)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬W
nI 2 − I 1
 ‫א‬Z Fi = 100
I1
 E1‫א‬F‫א‬n ‫א‬
 1.1 – 1.2  1.2 – 1.3 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K5:1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K 1 A→5.5 A
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
- ٩٦ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 ‫ﺗﻴﺎر اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
(I1)
(I2)
(Fi %)
 ‫א‬‫א‬(٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 E1.1 – 1.2‫א‬‫א‬F1:1 ‫א‬K
 1A→ 6A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

6 5 4 3 2 1 ‫ﺗﻴﺎر‬
(I1)‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
(I2)
(Fi %)
 W

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 A E‫א‬


- ٩٧ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1.1
 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٨ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1.2
 ‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬


- ١٠٠ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ١‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫א‬
- ١٠١ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Φ٣‫א‬‫א‬W٢‫א‬
 Φ ٣‫א‬
Measurement of current in 3 Φ circuit in case of
 Φ C.T and summation current transformer٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬(١
‫א‬3Φ3Φ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KAmmeters
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Zero-sequence current)
3Φ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3Φ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٢
 K6.5 A  
3 EA A.C Ammeters ٣‫א‬K
 1Φ Resistive load (cat No 74515)1Φ K
 W
 0.5 A ‫א‬0. 5 A  R = 220 Ω ‫א‬‫א‬J
  ‫א‬   0.25 A   R = 0→1500 Ω  ‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 0.25 A 400 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.25 A
3 Φ Resistive load (cat No 73310) 3 Φ K
{ R = 0 …1000 Ω 3Φ
 K3 A‫א‬‫א‬KR = 22 Ω 
 Summation current transformer cat No 74530 K
 2.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬2.5 : 1 ‫א‬
- ١٠٢ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
Φ٣‫א‬‫א‬٣F
Symmetrical load ‫א‬‫א‬–٣{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {2.1‫א‬‫א‬K
 1:1 
 ‫א‬‫א‬100 % 3 Φ‫א‬K
Ammeters ‫א‬‫א‬3Φ‫א‬‫א‬K
 1 A
‫א‬‫א‬N 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

Un-symmetrical load ‫א‬‫א‬–٣٫٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬2.1‫א‬‫א‬K
 L1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F1Φ ‫א‬‫ א‬K
 30 %L1 ‫א‬‫א‬50 % 1Φ‫א‬K
 0.04 →0.2 A A ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬B, C  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬N 
 K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
0.2 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 I1
I2
I3
N ‫א‬W1
0.2 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 I1

I2
I3
- ١٠٣ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 N ‫א‬W2

‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 EB, C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A
 Measurement of zero-sequence current ‫א‬‫א‬٤F
 3 Φ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٤٫١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 0.4 A ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K
Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬K
‫א‬ Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬
 ‫؟؟‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٤{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2.3 ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬220 V‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K ‫א‬‫א‬Ammeter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K50 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
- ١٠٤ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ammeter ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- ١٠٥ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2.1
- ١٠٦ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2.2



- ١٠٧ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2.3
- ١٠٨ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3 Φ ‫א‬‫א‬
3 Φ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٧
‫؟‬‫א‬


- ١٠٩ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧
‫א‬
- ١١٠ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬W٣‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢F
 K6.5 A  
 1 Φ resistive load (cat. No 74515)‫א‬K
 W1Φ
 0.5 A ‫א‬0. 5 A  R = 220 Ω ‫א‬‫א‬J
0.25 A  ‫א‬  0.25 A   R = 0-1500 Ω  ‫א‬ ‫א‬J
 K0.25 A 400 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 EA A.C Voltmeters W3 ‫א‬K
 1Φ voltage transformer W1Φ K
 ‫א‬K1.1 – 1.2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬220 V 
K  ‫א‬
  100 = 33.3 V3.1 – 3.2 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 100 = 57.7 V 2.1 – 2.2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
 K6.6 3.8  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬
- ١١١ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣{١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3.1 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬40 V 220 V20 V ‫א‬K
1.1 - 1.2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2.2 - 2.1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3.2 -3.1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
220 V 180 V 140 V 100 V 60 V 20 V ‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻹﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
[1.1 – 1.2]
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
[2.2 – 2.1]
Fi ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
[3.2 – 3.1]
Fi ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
n1V2 −V1
n1 = 3.81 { 100 W‫א‬‫א‬
V1
 n2 = 6.6 { n2V2 − V1 100 W‫א‬‫א‬

V1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣{٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  3.2 ‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬100 %‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
2.1 – 2.2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬200 V‫א‬K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
0% 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 % ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
V2 ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
(2.1 – 2.2)
- ١١٢ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W3.1
- ١١٣ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3.2
- ١١٤ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬E٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫؟‬‫א‬


- ١١٥ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
‫א‬
- ١١٦ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٤‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(open-circuit)
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢F
     
 K6.5 A  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(cat No 74514)‫א‬
 4 EA voltmeters ‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬٣F
 ‫א‬(٣٫١
‫א‬‫א‬
 K4.1‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ L1 , L2 ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 VL-L‫א‬‫א‬
 3.8:1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬e ‫א‬n ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L1, L2 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K n, e ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١٧ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ Ven = 0 ‫א‬3.8:1 ‫א‬‫א‬K


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٣٫٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 4.1‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
E‫א‬F‫א‬L1 ‫א‬‫א‬J
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬ Ven ≠ 0 ‫א‬‫א‬K



- ١١٨ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W4.1


- ١١٩ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬E٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬


- ١٢٠ -
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤‫א‬
 ١٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 ‫؟‬
‫א‬
- ١٢١ -
٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

Electrical Machines Devices and Power Systems, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, •
1997.
Electrical Power Systems, J. M. Harison, Prentice Hall, 1996. •
Application Guide for Industrial Generator Protection, GEC Company, 1995. •
Transformer Protection Application Guide, Basler Electric Company, 1996. •
Application Guide Lines for Protection of Industrial Three Phase Motor, •
GEC Company, 1995.
A.R.Van C. Warrington, Protective Relays; Their Theory and Practice, •
Volume Two, Third Edition, London, 1977.
Power System Relaying , second edition. Stanley H. Horowittz, Arun G. •
Phadke. Research studies Press LTD. Baldock, Hertfordshire, England.
TPS 11.3.1 Power Transmission Current and voltage Transformers. Leybold •
Didactic GMBH
Introduction To Protective Relays. East Central Training Institute Dammam •
Training & Education Departement SCECO. Technical Short Course 1414H.
Generator & Motor Protection- East Central Training Institute Dammam. •
Training & Education Departement SCECO. Advance Technical Training
Program.
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
K١٩٨٧،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    •
K،

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K١٩٩٦،‫א‬

- ١٢٢ -
٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
.................................................................................................................................................................. 
.................................................................................................................................................................. 
١ ................................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١ ................................................................................................................. ‫א‬W١‫א‬
٨ ........................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨ ............................................................................................................... ‫א‬W٢‫א‬
١٦ ...................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٦ ............................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :٣‫א‬
٢٢ .............................................................................................. EΠJ ١٠٠F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢ ................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤‫א‬
٢٨ .....................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢٨ .................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥‫א‬
٣٤ ............................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٣٤ ..................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦‫א‬
٤٠ ..................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠ .................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧‫א‬
٤٧ ............................................................................................................ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٧ ........................................................................................................E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W٨‫א‬
٥٥ ......................................................................................................... E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٥٥ ....................................................................................................... E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W٩‫א‬
٦٠ .............................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠ ................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬W١٠‫א‬
٦٨ ..................................................................................E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٨ ............................E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١‫א‬
٧٦ ................................................................................ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٦ ...........................................  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢‫א‬
٨٢ ................................................................................................. ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨٢ ................................................................................................... ‫א‬W١٣‫א‬
٨٩ ...................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨٩ ......................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W١٤‫א‬
٩٥ ..............................................................................................................................................................‫א‬
٩٥ ............................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١‫א‬
١٠٢.................. Φ ٣‫א‬ Φ٣‫א‬‫א‬W٢‫א‬
- ١٢٣ -
٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
١١١................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W٣‫א‬
١١٧...................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W٤‫א‬
١٢٢...................................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
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- ١٢٤ -

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







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

حماية النظم الكهربائية عملى

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حماية النظم الكهربائية عملى

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

 Electronic Start / Stop watchW K

 W360 kmπ ‫א‬‫א‬

L-L short circuit at end of transmission line ‫א‬J ٣٫٣

1Φ Over-current definite time relay ( cat no 745291)

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬

VZa + VZc = 0 VZa + VZc ≠ 0

 1 Sec 1.5 A ‫א‬‫א‬K

‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬

K K ‫א‬‫א‬ I1 − I 2 〈 K 

‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺒﺢ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 13.3 

Set-up of full load experiment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٣

0.2 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 I1

 n2 = 6.6 { n2V2 − V1 100 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ Ven = 0 ‫א‬3.8:1 ‫א‬‫א‬K

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