Blancaflor, John Clint G.
June 27,
2019
CE - 3/ 205112926
EO2
Legislative
Double-chamber body
Membership consisting of the Senate and
the House of Representatives
Qualifications
A Senator must be:
a. A natural-born citizen
of the Philippines
b. At least 35 years of age
on the day of the
election (i.e., day of
balloting)
c. Able to read and write
d. A registered voter
e. A resident of the
Philippines for not less
than 2 years
immediately preceding
the day of the election
A representative must be:
a. A natural-born citizen
of the Philippines
b. At least 25 years of age
on the day of the
election
Writing Task
Executive
The executive power shall be vested
in the President of the Philippines
Basic or minimum qualifications of
the President:
1. He is a natural-born citizen of
the Philippines
2. He is a registered voter
3. He is able to read and write
4. He is at least 40 years of age
on the day of the election
(not proclamation or
assumption of office) for
President
5. He is a resident of the
Philippines for at least 10
years immediately preceding
such election
SS10 /
Judicial
Judicial power is the power and duty of
the courts of justice which include the
Supreme Court, The Court of Appeals
and other collegiate appellate courts
and the lower courts
Supreme Courts:
a. He must be a natural-born
citizen of the Philippines.
Therefore, a naturalized citizen
may not be appointed
b. He must be at least 40 years of
age
c. He must have, for 15 years or
more, been a judge of a lower
court or engaged in the
practice of law in the
Philippines
d. He must be a person of proven
competence, integrity, probity
and independence.
Lower collegiate courts:
a. The qualifications of members
of any lower collegiate court
shall be prescribed by
Congress.
 c. Able to read and write
d. Except for a party-list
representative, a
registered voter in the
district in which he
shall be elected; and
e. A resident thereof for a
period of not less than
1 year preceding the
day of the election
Powers and
Functions Powers may be classified into: Powers of the President are:
1. General Legislative Power
- It is the power to
enact laws intended as
rules of conduct to
govern the relations
among individuals or
between the
individuals and the
State.
2. Specific Powers
- They are powers
which the Constitution
expressly directs or
authorizes Congress to
exercise.
3. Implied Powers
- They are those
essential or necessary
to the effective
exercise of the powers
1. Power of control over all
executive departments,
bureaus and offices.
a. Power of
appointment with
which he may choose
men of competence
and confidence.
b. Power of removal
with which he may
weed out incapable
and dishonest officials
2. Power to insure that the
laws be faithfully executed.
- Primary function of the
President is to enforce the
laws.
3. Military power of the
President.
a. Power to meet
Judges of lower courts:
a. He must be a citizen. He need
not be natural-born except
members of lower collegiate
courts.
b. He must be a member of the
Philippines Bar as it is a
prerequisite to the practice of
law in the Philippines.
c. He must be a person of proven
competence, integrity, probity
and independence.
Adjudicatory Power - Includes the
duty of courts of justice.
a) To settle actual controversies
involving rights which are
legally demandable and
enforceable.
b) To determine whether there has
been a grave abuse of
discretion amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the
part of any branch or
instrumentality of the
government.
Power of Judicial Review – It also
includes the power:
a) To pass upon the validity or
constitutionality of the laws of
the State and the acts of the
other departments of the
government.
b) To interpret them
c) To render binding judgments
 expressly granted. emergency
situations which
4. Inherent Powers includes ability
- They are the powers Incidental Powers – It likewise includes the
which are possessed to (a) call out the incidental powers necessary to the effective
and can be exercised armed forces to discharge of the judicial functions such as
by every government prevent or suppress
lawless violence, meet the power to punish persons adjudged in
because they exist as
an attribute of the threat of invasion, contempt.
sovereignty. or quell rebellion, (b)
to suspend the
privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus and (c)
to declare martial law.
b. Commander-in-
Chief of the Armed
Forces. The
Constitution makes
the President, a
civilian, the
Commander-in-Chief
of all the armed forces
of the Philippines. He
is authorized,
whenever it becomes
necessary, to call out
such armed forces to
prevent or suppress
lawless violence,
invasion or rebellion.
4. Pardoning Power
- The power to grant
pardon and other acts of
clemency to violators of
the law. This power
extends to all offenses. It
does not give the
President the power to
exempt, except from
punishment, anyone from
 the law.

5. Remission of fines and

forfeitures
- The President has the
power to remit fines and
forfeitures for all offenses
after final conviction

6. Authority to contract and

guarantee foreign loans
- The President may
contract foreign loans on
behalf of the republic of
the Philippines without
the need of prior
congressional approval.

7. Budgetary power of the

President
- The President is entrusted
by the Constitution with
the task of preparing the
budget or receipts and
expenditures based on
existing and proposed
revenue measures and
other sources of financing
and of submitting it to
Congress within 30 days
from the opening of each
regular session.
 Power of judicial review limitations:
1. There must be a concurrence
The President is subject to the
or at least a majority of the
following prohibitions:
members who actually took
part in the deliberations on the
a) They shall not hold, unless
issues in the case and voted
otherwise provided in the
thereon.
Constitution, any other office
2. A law must be sustained unless
or employment.
clearly repugnant to the
b) They shall not practice any
The constitution empowers Constitution in view of the
other profession
each House to determine the presumption of validity.
c) They shall not participate,
rules of its proceedings. Any 3. The question of wisdom,
directly or indirectly, in any
such rule is subject to propriety, or necessity of a law
business.
revocation or modification by is not open to determination by
d) They shall not be financially
each House. The rules the court.
interested, directly or
promulgated should not ignore 4. Political questions are generally
Limitations indirectly, in any contract
constitutional restraints or addressed to the political
with, or in any franchise or
violate fundamental rights. branches of the government
special privilege granted by
They cannot repeal or alter and are, therefore, not
the government or any
statutes. The reason for this is justiciable.
subdivision, agency or
that the Constitution and
instrumentality thereof
statutes are superior to the Limitations on rule-making power of
including any government-
internal rules of Congress. Supreme Court:
owned or controlled
1. Such rules shall provide a
corporation or their
simplified and inexpensive
subsidiaries.
procedure for the speedy
e) They shall strictly avoid
disposition of cases.
conflict of interest (between
2. They shall be uniform for all
personal or family interest
courts if the same grade.
and public interest) in the
3. They shall not diminish,
conduct of their office.
increase or modify substantive
rights.