18.

 Safety & security measures

DESIGN BUILDING ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL DESIGN CRITERIA

17. Fire alarm

6. Detection
18-May-2018 | V1.1 
Electrical Design Criteria

Early detection system

VESDA detection systems shall be provided for atrium openings, data centers and server rooms, above-ceiling detection and other
dif cult-to-reach areas, or areas where an increased sensitivity is desired.

VESDA detectors shall connect directly to the re alarm system network, or shall report via a dedicated network to a central location
with a UL-approved interface to the re alarm system. Detectors with intelligent ltering and blow back features will be provided, that
can undertake self-maintenance even in dusty environments.

Initiating devices
All initiating devices will operate in an analog fashion, where the detector simply measures its designed environment variable and
transmits an analog value to the FACP based on real-time measured values. For the areas like radiology, MRI etc., with EMI interference
the re alarm system components selected shall consist of non-ferrous parts to avoid interference.

Recommended areas/application for the use of initiating devices

Type Recommended application

Manual call points

Manual call points shall be places within 1.5 meters of the entry and exit locations. Manual call points shall be appropriately located
such that distance between any two shall not exceed 45 meters in the direction of egress.

In the patient access areas, manual call point shall be installed as following:
at or close to each nursing station,
  at each exit to stairway (not on the stairway landing)
The system designer shall consider that appropriate alarm signal is given in each area, and that a reasonably accurate indication of
the location of the re is given at the re alarm indicating equipment, hence manual call points should also be sited on both sides
of main doorways between detection zones (that is, on each direction of approach). This is particularly important in the case of
main doorways between compartments and between sub-compartments.

Detection devices

The detection devices shall include but not be limited to smoke, xed or rate of rise type heat detector and rate of rise and ame
  detectors or combination of above.
Specialty detection devices/systems shall be considered for certain areas like atria, IT/server rooms.

Smoke aspirating system

The system designer shall do due diligent consideration to provision for aspirated smoke detection system deployments in the areas
  but not limited to main server room/facility-wide data center, atria.

Detector assembly
 Type Recommended application

The detector, lter, aspirator and relay outputs shall be housed in a mounting box and shall be arranged in such a way that air is
drawn from the re risk area by an aspirator and a sample passed through a sample lter and detection chamber.
The detector shall employ a short wavelength LASER light source and incorporate particle imaging and light scattering using a two
  dimensional image sensing array and scatter pattern measurement using photodiodes.
The detector shall have four independent eld programmable smoke alarm thresholds across its sensitivity range with adjustable
time delays for each threshold.
The detector shall employ modular construction allowing eld replacement of the lter, chamber and aspirator.

Displays

  Color LCD touch screen with user friendly interface to allow scrolling through status screens on the LCD.

Programming
Each Programmer shall support the following features at a minimum:
programming of any device on the aspiration detection system,
viewing of the status of any device in the system,
adjustment of the alarm thresholds of a nominated detector,
alarm levels shall be programmed from the supplier to meet local codes and regulations.
 

Device networking requirements

The devices in the aspiration type smoke detection system shall communicate with each other via twisted pair RS485 cable. The
network shall be able to support up to 200 devices (detectors, displays and programmers), of which at least 100 detectors can be
supported.

The network is capable to be con gured in a fault tolerant loop for both short circuit and open circuit. Any communication faults shall
be reported unambiguously and shall be clearly attributable to an individual device or wire link in the fault messages.

PC based con guration tools shall be provided to con gure and manage the network of detectors.

Recommended application
The table below shows the general recommended areas/ application for the use of detection devices.

Recommended areas/application for the use of detection devices

Detector type Recommended application

Heat detectors

Fixed
temperature; Enclosed areas (rooms, closets, etc.), primarily for property protection. Not considered an early warning device.
spot-type

Enclosed areas (rooms, closets, etc.); primarily used for property protection where design goals require more sensitive heat
Rate of rise,
detection and response to developing res. Avoid use in areas of uctuating ambient temperature. Not considered an early
spot- type
warning device.

Smoke detector

Ionization,
Early warning or life safety. This detector is most ef cient when aming res could occur such as storage areas etc..
spot- type

Photoelectric, Most ef cient when smoldering res are expected or where the smoke has to travel a distance before reaching the detector
spot-type (“aged” smoke).

Smoke
Used in high value applications, such as computer rooms; also used air sampling-type in high air ow areas and some rack
aspiration
storage application, i.e. atria, substations, transformer rooms, data center/ main server rooms
detector

It is recommended that the designer shall select the initiating devices based on the particular area and applications based on the local
AHJ and NFPA requirements with due consideration of re and life safety strategy and recommendations.
 Detector details

Typical mounting detail of spot type detector - exposed concrete ceiling 1/3

Typical detail of aspirated type detector 2/3

Typical mounting detail of spot type detector - false ceiling 3/3

© Copyright - Hamad Medical Corporation by Corporate Communications Dept.