Seminar on

Lung and Pancreatic Tumor Characterisation in Deep

Learning Era: Novel Supervised and Unsupervised
Learning Approaches

ANJANA RAMACHANDRAN (PKD16IT010)

Guided by: Asst Prof. RANJITH K

Department of Information Technology

Government Engineering College Palakkad
 OUTLINE

OUTLINE

Introduction
Literature Survey
Supervised Learning Methods
Unsupervised Learning Methods
Experiments
Conclusions
References

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 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Detection and characterisation of lungs and pancreatic tumor can aid

in early diagnosis,hence,increased survival chance through appropriate
treatment and surgery.
Computer Aided Diagnosis tools made the risk identification of cancer
from radiology images more faster and accurate.
Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning strategies are
employed in tumor identification

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW

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 SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

Figure: An Overview of proposed 3D CNN based graph

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 SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

contd..

Let X=x1,x2,x3,.... belongs to R(n*d) represent input features

obtained from n images of lung nodules each having a dimension
d.While X consists of features extracted from radiology images.
Each data sample has an attribute/malignancy score given by
Y=y1,y2,...yn where Y belongs to R(n*1).Y represents the
malignancy score with the scale of 1-5,1-benign and 5-malignant.

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 SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

3D CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK AND FINE

TUNING

3D CNN Architecture consists of 5 sets of convolution,2

fully-connected and 1 soft max classification layers
Fine tuning is done to acquire dense feature representations from the
data set

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 SUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

MULTI TASK LEARNING

Multitask learning is an approach of learning multiple tasks

simultaneously while considering disparities and similarities across
those tasks.
The inconsistency measure is

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 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

WHY UNSUPERVISED LEARNING ?

Since annotated medical images are laborious,expensive and time
consuming
STEPS OF UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
Performing clustering on the appearance features obtained from the
images to estimate an initial set of labels.
Using the obtained initial labels,corresponding to each cluster ,label
proportions are computed.
Usage of the initial cluster assignments and label proportions to learn
the categorization of tumors.

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 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

AN OUTLINE OF UNSUPERVISED APPROACH

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 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING METHODS

INITIAL LABEL ESTIMATION

Let X=x1,x2,x3,...xn belongs to R(n*d ) represent the input matrix

that contains features from n images such that x belongs to R(d).
Data is made to 2 ¡ k ¡ n clusters using k-means algorithm.
Let A represent assignment matrix that denotes the membership
assignment of each sample to a cluster.
objective function after optimal clustering would be

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 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

LEARNING WITH THE ESTIMATED MODELS

In order to address the issue of the noisy instance level labels support
vector machines are employed here
Each cluster v can be represented as a group such that majority of
the samples belongs to group v.

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 UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

CALCULATING LABEL PROPORTIONS

In order to estimate the label proportions in a data driven manner we

use the estimated label obtained from clustering .The label proportion
Pv corresponding to group v can be represented as
The label proportion Pv corresponding to group v is

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 Experiments

Experiments

Data for lung nodules :-The nodules have malignancy scores on the
basis of six attributes.
Calcification
Lobulation
Spiculation
Sphericity
margin
Texture
Data for IPMN

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 EXPERIMENTS

EXPERIMENTS

Evaluation and Results-Supervised Learning

Classification
Regression
Evaluation and Results-Unsupervised Learning
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Specifity

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 CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

CAD systems for IPMN classication are relatively newer research

problems and there is a need to explore the use of different imaging
modalities to improve classification.
Malignancy detection was made easier and inexpensive using
clustering model of unsupervised learning.

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 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Cancer Facts Figures, Amer. Cancer Soc., Atlanta, GA, USA, 2016.
S. Hussein, K. Cao, Q. Song, and U. Bagci,”Risk stratication of lung
nodules using 3D CNN-based multi-task learning”, in Proc. Int.
Conf. Inf. Process. Med. Imag. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017,
pp. 249260.
E. Sadot et al., ”Tumor-associated neutrophils and malignant
progression in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: An
opportunity for identication of high-risk disease,” Ann. Surg., vol.
262, no. 6, p. 1102, 2015.

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 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

R. Saouli, M. Akil, M. Bennaceur, and R. Kachouri, ”Fully automatic

brain tumor segmentation using end-to-end incremental deep neural
networks in mri images,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., vol.
166, pp. 3949, Nov. 2018. .
F. Ciompi et al., ”Towards automatic pulmonary nodule management
in lung cancer screening with deep learning,” Sci. Rep., vol. 7, Apr.
2017, Art. no. 46479.

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THANKYOU

THANKYOU

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QUERIES

QUERIES???

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