Anesthesia

(local, Generalized, Epidural)

Submitted to:

Mam Ayesha

Submitted to:

M.Rubaz Ahmad

13-ARID-1046
What is anesthesia
- Sleep like condition

- An unconscious state of body effecting cns.

Two categories

1. Generalized Anesthesia

Anesthesia of whole body involving cns

2. Localized Anesthesia

Anesthesia of particular organ and part of body

Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural anaesthesia involves
injection of local anaesthetic and/or other appropriate drugs
into the epidural space at the sacro-coccygeal or first
 intercoccygeal junction in order to produce analgesia of
the tail, perineum, genitalia and pelvic viscera

Procedure:
• Locate the first intercoccygeal space by either:Raising and
lowering the tail and palpating the depression and movement
between the first and second coccygeal vertebrae: the first
intercoccygeal space is the first obvious articulation caudal to
the sacrum.
• Standing to one side of the animal, along the line of the croup
observe the prominence of the sacrum and caudal to this the
next prominence which is the spine of the first coccygeal
vertebra; the first intervertebral space is the depression
immediately behind this prominence.
• Palpate the caudal prominence of the tuberosity of the ischium
and move about 10-11 cm forwards in a medium sized cow. A
line drawn over the animal at this point will pass through the
depression between the first and second coccygeal spines.
• Disinfect the skin over the first intercoccygeal space.
• Inject a small amount of local anaesthetic to desensitise the
skin over the injection site and minimise reaction during
insertion of the needle.
• Directly over the midline insert a 3.75 to 5cm long 18 gauge
needle, directed at about 10 degrees to the vertical (right
angles to the general plane of the croup), over the first
intercoccygeal space.
• Connect the syringe and inject slowly: 15 ml should take about
10-15 seconds.
 • If attempted injection is met with resistance due to penetration
of the needle into the intervertebral disc, withdraw slightly and
attempt injection again.
If blood appears at the needle hub due to penetration of a vein it
should still be possible to make the injection, or the needle may be
withdrawn, cleaned of blood clot and reinserted
• 1.0 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride per 100 kg bodyweight
should produce anaesthesia extending cranially to the middle
of the sacrum and ventrally over the perineum to the inner
aspect of the thigh, without affecting hind limb motor
coordination.
• Five to 10ml of 2% lidocaine (depending on the size of the
animal) provides sensory analgesia
• 2-3 ml of 2% lidocaine or 1.5-2ml of 3% is sufficient in a small
cow.
• 2 ml of 2% plain lidocaine (no adrenaline) for a 75 kg ewe
provides about two hours of anaesthesia of the perineal area
and posterior reproductive tract.