1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FILE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY LAB

BBA - 208

Practical File

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment towards the Requirements of

Bachelor of Business Administration, Batch 2017-2020

Submitted By:
Name –YOUR NAME
(Enrolment No.roll number)

Under the Guidance of:

Dr. Lokesh Jindal and Ms.Rachita Aggarwal
(Faculty Guides)

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies (MAIMS)

Sector -22, Rohini, Delhi -110086
Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi

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STUDENT’S DECLARATION

This is to certify that I Your name (University Enrolment No. roll number) have prepared
and completed the Practical File of Research Methodology Lab - B.B.A. 208,under the
guidance of and Dr. Lokesh Jindal and Ms.Rachita Aggarwal(Faculty Guides) in the
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Business
Administration from G.G.S.I.P. University, Delhi. This is an original piece of work and I
had neither copied nor submitted it earlier elsewhere.

Student’sSignature..................................

Student’s Name.........................................

Date............................................................

Countersigned by

Faculty Guide’sSignature..........................

Faculty Guide’s Name .................................

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Index

S. Particulars Page No.

No.

1. Introduction

Excel Practicals

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

9.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

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18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34.

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INTRODUCTION
1.1 Re-Search

Re-search means - Careful search or enquiry into subject to discover facts OR investigate
IMPLIES
-- A systematic search
-- Of a problem
-- Results in discovering new facts
According to ‘Burns’- A systematic investigation to find answers to problems.
According to ‘Bulmer’ - Sociological research is primarily committed to establishing,
systematic, reliable, and valid knowledge about the social world.
Social Science Enclyopedia (D. Slensinger and M. Stephonson) - Research means the
manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct or
verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory or in the practice of an
art.
The way we have described research, it gives it a scientific basis.
‘Kerlinger’ defines scientific research as: ‘It is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical
investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural
phenomena.’
-- systematic & controlled means there must be confidence in the outcome
-- empirical i.e. based on data
To sum up, research is a systematic enquiry aimed at providing information to solve
problems.

1.2 Purpose of Research

• Extension of knowledge of human beings, social life and environment (What-Where-When-

How-Why)
• Bringing to light information that might never be discovered fully during the ordinary course of
life
• Establishment of generalizations and general laws and contribution to theory building in
various fields of knowledge
• Verification and testing of existing facts and theory
• Making reliable predictions of events yet to happen
• Analysis of inter-relationships between variables and to derive casual explanations – Better
understanding of world in which we live
• Finding solution to problems (social, economic, health, human relations in organizations)
• Development of new tools, concepts and theories for better study of unknown phenomenon
• Aid in planning and contribution to organizational growth
• Aid in planning and contribution to national development

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Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and
iOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language
called Visual Basic for Applications
Excel is an easy-to-use spreadsheet software that allows for very basic data analysis, charting,
data entry and shape manipulating.
Excel has following features for data analysis
Sort: You can sort your Excel data on one column or multiple columns. You can sort in
ascending or descending order.
Filter: Filter your Excel data if you only want to display records that meet certain criteria.
Conditonal Formatting: Conditional formatting in Excel enables you to highlight cells with a
certain color, depending on the cell's value.
Charts: A simple Excel chart can say more than a sheet full of numbers. As you'll see, creating
charts is very easy.
Pivot Tables: Pivot tables are one of Excel's most powerful features. A pivot table allows you
to extract the significance from a large, detailed data set.
Tables: Tables allow you to analyze your data in Excel quickly and easily.
What-If Analysis: What-If Analysis in Excel allows you to try out different values (scenarios)
for formulas.

Solver: Excel includes a tool called solver that uses techniques from the operations research to
find optimal solutions for all kind of decision problems.
Analysis ToolPak: The Analysis ToolPak is an Excel add-in program that provides data
analysis tools for financial, statistical and engineering data analysis.

Excel can be used for finding standard deviation, variance, correlation, regression, t test, etc.

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1.4 SPSS for Research

SPSS Statistics is a software package used for interactive, or batched, statistical analysis. Long
produced by SPSS Inc., it was acquired by IBM in 2009. The current versions (2015) are named
IBM SPSS Statistics.
The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS),
reflecting the original market, although the software is now popular in other fields as well,
including the health sciences and marketing.
SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used by market
researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing
organizations, data miners, and others.
Statistics included in the base software:
Descriptive statistics: Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive Ratio
Statistics
Bivariate statistics: Means, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distances),
Nonparametric tests, Bayesian
Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear regression
Prediction for identifying groups: Factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, K-means,
hierarchical), Discriminant
Geo spatial analysis, simulation
R extension (GUI), Python

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Assignment 1
Enter the following Data in one column into Excel :12 14 59 63 69 21 14 56 87 35 32 32 14

After inserting Data, you realized that you forget to enter 2 values, ie 99 and 102 after 56.
Without deleting any value, update your data with latest values.

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Now you realized that 3rd value ie 59 was inserted accidently. So remove this value form your
data set.Calculate, Mean, Range and Standard Deviation of Population & Sample

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Copy paste

 Select data using ctrl + c from word file -> ctrl + v in excel sheet

Segregate the data

 Select the cell having the observation -> go to data tab -> select text to columns
 Select delimited -> next ->select space and deselect tab -> next -> finish

Alignment

 Copy the horizontal row -> ctrl +c -> right click paste special -> transpose.

Average

 In B18 column enter the formula “=SUM(B3:B16)”

Range

 In B19 calculate the max of the data with the help of the formula MAX
“=MAX(B3:B16)”

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 In B20 calculate the max of the data with the help of the formula MIN “=MIN(B3:B16)”
 To calculate the Range subtract the maximum with the minimum “=B19-B20”

Standard dev of population

 Calculate the mean by dividing total with number of x terms

 Now create a column x-mean and (x-mean) square
 Calculate x - mean of each term then square them in the respective columns
 Calculate the variance by dividing the total of (x-mean) square with the number of terms
 To calculate the standard variance take the root of variance this can be done by
“B20^0.5” in B25
 Standard deviation of the population can also be calculated using the formula
“=STDEVP(B3:B16)”

Standard dev of sample

 Standard deviation by sample using the total of x-mean square and divide it n – 1 term
“=D17/(D23-1)”
 Standard deviation by sample can also be calculated using the formula
“=STDEVA(B3:B16)”

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Assignment 2
ENTER FOLLOWING DATA INTO EXCEL:
X1 X3
12 13
23 43
12 45
Calculate sum of X1 and X3 in column C

Multiply X1 and X3
Calculate ln(X1*X3)/X1^(0.5)

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Add column X2, between X1 and X3

X2:34,52,12

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Calculate mean of X1, X2 and X3 using only arithmetic operations& also Find Max. and Min.

For each value of X1 calculate:𝒇(𝒙) = 𝝅𝒓𝟐

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Assignment 3
Enter the Following Data
Price 10
Days Quantity Sold
Monday 12
Tuesday 13
Wednesday 13
Thursday 12
Friday 14
Saturday 17
Sunday 10

Find Revenue:By multiplying Quantity sold and fixing the cell of price by putting $ sign.

Find Sum of Revenue:Sum(D5:D11)

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Assignment 4
Calculate Revenue for each and every combination of price and revenue in matrix:

Steps:
 Insert dollar sign before the column letter to make the column remain the same during
calculation
 Insert dollar sign before the row number to make the row remain the same during
calculation
 dollar can be added by pressing the f4 key
 Example $B2, A$2
 A$1 -> Press F4 twice.
 $A1 -> Press F4 three times.

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Assignment 5

Enter Following Data:

Roll Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
No.
1001 8 16 4
1002 8 11 8
1003 12 15 7
1004 6 20 17
1005 7 19 16
1006 7 6 15
1007 9 16 18
1008 5 3 7
1009 5 10 8

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Steps

 Average of ALL -> use average function on the 3 tests ->Average (B4, C4, D4)
 Average of best 2 -> take the minimum marks of all the test ->use function MIN->min
(B4, C4, D4)
 Subtract the minimum from the sum of three tests then divide by 2 -> ((SUM(B4, C4,
D4)-Min/2))

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Assignment 6
Enter Following Data:
Roll
No. Marks
1 94
2 51
3 56
4 59
5 92
6 98
7 85
8 44
9 48
10 44
11 82
12 36

1. Arrange the above marks in ascending

order.
2. Identify topper roll no.
3. How Many students have score less than
50.
4. How many students have scored more
than

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1.

2.

3.

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4.

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Steps:
 Select marks (B1) -> click Sort & Filter in home tab -> click filter -> select the filter
(B1)-> sort from ascending to descending order, The first cell in the marks (B2) is the
topper (A1) i.e 6
 OR by using Max function MAX(B2:B13)
 Use COUNTIF function to find out student who have scored less than 50
=COUNTIF(B2:B13,"<50")
 Use COUNTIF function to find out student who have scored More than 50
=COUNTIF(B2:B13,">50")

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Assignment 7
Enter the Following Data:
Students Marks
1 64
2 43
3 46
4 72
5 58
6 69
7 58
8 52
9 62
10 47
11 60
12 58
Make frequency distribution of marks obtained by students?

Steps:
 Find the Maximum and Minimum of the data by MIN and MAX function
=MAX(B2:B13) =MIN(B2:B13)
 Create table using this range

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 Use the function frequency and select the table created by range
=FREQUENCY(B2:B13,F6:F10)

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Assignment 8
Enter the Following Data:
Roll Marks_1st Marks_2st
No. Assignment Assignment
1 10 12
2 13 15
3 16 13
4 14 15
5 15 14
6 14 18
7 25 19

If marks in 2nd Assignment are greater 1st Assignment then student should be given grade 'A'
otherwise grade 'B':

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Steps:
 Student who has scored less marks in 2nd assignment ->if(C2<B2,A2,” “)
 To assign grade ->IF(B2>C2,"A","B")

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Assignment 9
Enter the Following Data:
Stock Volume Buy Last
AAA 25 35.4 45.8
BBB 53 42.8 37.5
CCC 50 86.1 88
DDD 75 75 69
EEE 100 8 10

You have a stock portfolio. In column C you have purchase price and column D the last price.

Write the result in column E if you win money or in column F if you are losing. The result
should also take in account the number of shares you purchased.

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Steps
 Calculate the Gain using if function -> =IF((D2-C2) *B2>0, (D2-C2) *B2,"")

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 Calculate the Loss using if function -> =IF((C2-D2) *B2>0, (D2-C2) *B2,"")
 Calculate the total of Gain and Loss using SUM function -> =SUM(E2:E6)-
>=SUM(F2:F6)
 The sum of total gain and Loss is the Net Gain -> =SUM(E2:E6,F2:F6)

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Assignment 10
Assignment: Using Nested IF for Grade
Allotment
Enter the Following Data:
Marks
50
30
60
90
Solution:

Steps:
 To allot grade -> in column B use function if -> =IF(A2<55,"A",IF(A2<=75,"B","C"))

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Assignment 11
Enter the Following Data:

Marks Grade Allotment Criteria

12 Less than 5 F
15 5-8 C
3 9-12 B
5 13-16 A
19 More than 16 O
18

Solution:

Steps:
 To allot grade -> in column B use function if -
>=IF(A3<5,"F",IF(A3<=8,"C",IF(A3<=12,"B",IF(A3<=16,"A","O"))))

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Assignment 12
Assignment: Use of Vlookup approximate function for awarding marks for the attendance
Enter the Following Data:
Provide Marks for Attendance according to
Roll No. Attendance follow
Attendance
1 83 % Marks
2 74 0 0
3 50 67 1
4 74 72 2
5 61 80 3
6 98 87 4
7 55 95 5
8 64 100 5
9 80

Solution:

Steps:
 Use table array with mixed referencing to keep the column and row F5 same and the
column G5 same -> ==VLOOKUP(B4,$F$5:$H$11,3,TRUE)

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Assignment 13
Assignment: You have given Basic Pay of 10 Employees in Column A. From the Information given below, Calc
Payable Salary.
1. Dearness allowance is 70% of Basic Pay.
2. Travel Allowance is Payable as Follows:
DA+BP TA
<6000 1000
6000-8000 3000
8000-15000 5000
>15000 6000
3. HRA is 60% of B.P. + D.A. +
T.A.
4. Gross Salary is B.P. + D.A. +
T.A.
5. Tax Liability is as follows:
Gross Salary Tax
<15000 NIL
10% of
15000-25000 G.S.
>25000 20%

Solution:

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Steps:
 DA in C18 ->=(B18*70%)
 Travel Allowance -> calculate DA + BP in D18 =SUM(B18,C18) -> then in E18
=IF(D18<6000,"1000",IF(D18<=6000,"3000",IF(D18<=15000,"5000","6000")))
 HRA in F18 ->=((D18+E18)*60%)
 Gross Salary in G18 ->SUM(D18,E18,F18)
 Tax Liability in H18-> ==IF(G18<15000,"0",IF(G18<=25000,0.1*G18,0.2*G18))
 Net Salary in I18 ->=G18-H18

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Assignment 14
Calculate Bonus for a salesman who receive a bonus of 12% of sales, If sales is Greater than or
equal to $100K and less than $200K.

Bonus 12%
Minimum Discount 100000
Maximum Amount 200000

Sales
Salesman A 87925
Salesman B 100000
Salesman C 145000

Steps:
 Find bonus in cell C8 by using function =IF(D8="N","0",0.12*B8).
 In cell D8 find eligibility by using function
=IF(B8<100000,"N",IF(B8<200000,"R","N"))

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Assignment 15
Assignment: Application of Array Function
12
14
12
10
4
6
3
6

Questions:
1. First add 3 in each value and again calculate their sum(You can't create any extra column)
(Further, you need to apply formula directly in red cell)
(Your formula should not be based on number of cell. It means you can't count number of cell)
2. Now multiply each value by 5 and then take the sum. You need to follow the same rule for 2
Solution:

Steps:
 In cell B12 find sum using function =SUM(B3:B10).
 In cell B13 find sum and adding 3 to all number by using function =SUM(B3:B10+3)
using Ctrl+Shift+Enter.
 In cell B14 find sum by multiplying 5 to all number by using function
=SUM(B3:B10*5)Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

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Assignment 16

Assignment: Using IF and AND Function

Provide PDA according to following Criteria
Professional Development Allowance(PDA)

Less than Greater or Equal to

Category/Income 12K 12K
Male 3000 5000
Female 1500 2500

Employee Salary Category

Amandeep 12000 Male
Sahej 9000 Male
Sanat 14000 Male
Pallavi 15000 Female
Ishleen 20000 Female

Solution:

Steps:
 In cell D10 find PDA by using
formula:=IF(AND(C10="Male",B10>=12000),5000,IF(AND(C10="Male",B10<12000),
3000,IF(AND(C10="Female",B10>=12000),2500,1500)))

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Assignment 17

Use Function- IF,AND,OR

1. Use which number have duplicate value
2. Only remove duplicate value, i.e. if 12 repeated 3 times then only remove 2 cases
3. Don't do this manually, Use filter and copy data in another sheet.
Application: To ensure that employee’s id are unique in the datasheet. Or to get unique value
from datasheet (like student roll no.)

Numbers
12
13
12
15
18
10
29
13
12
34
Solution:

Steps:

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 Select cell from B8:B17 and find frequency by using formula

=FREQUENCY(A8:A17,A8:A17) and use Ctrl+Shift+Enter.
 In cell C8 tell value is unique or not by using formula =IF(B8>0,"Unique","Not").

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Assignment 18
Let's consider these different cases
1 How many clients are married with one child
2 How many clients are single or divorced
3 How many clients are married with an income above 15000
4 How many clients are male, unmarried and with 1or 2 children
5 how many clients are women with 1or 2 children
6 how many clients are married or in relationship with an income greater thanor equal to 10000
and have at least two children
7 try to use array function for part Q1 such that result is obtained in one cell (Not allowed to
create additional column)

Name Gender Income Maritals Childern

Vansh Male 9058 Divorced 3
Jasleen Female 5644 Single 1
Sanat Male 5126 Single 0
Mehul Male 14093 Divorced 2
Amandeep Male 19624 Married 2
Diljeet Male 10064 Relationship 0
Sumit Male 15697 Married 2
Jagmeet Male 11912 Relationship 1
Kartik Male 19353 Single 1
Prabhameet Male 16142 Divorced 0

Steps:
 In cell F12 find client with one children by using =IF(AND(D12="married",E12=1),1,0).
 In cell G12 find client are single or divorced by using
=IF(OR(D12="single",D12="divorced"),1,0).
 In cell H12 find client are married and income above 15000 by
using=IF(AND(D12="married",C12>15000),1,0).
 In cell I12 find client are married and malewith 1 or2 children by
using=IF(AND(B12="Male",E12=0,OR(D12="Single",D12="Relationship")),1,0).
 In cell J12 find client are female with 1 or2 children by
using=IF(AND(B12="female",OR(E12=1,E12=2)),1,0).
 In cell K12 find client are married or in relationship with income greater than 10000 and
have at least two children by
using=IF(AND(OR(D12="Married",D12="Reletionship"),C12>=10000,E12>=2),1,0)
 Use array function by =SUM(((C12:C21)="Married")*1*((D12:D21)=1)).
 Solution:

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Assignment 19

Date Banker Index

1/1/2002 1000
2/1/2002 1006.66
3/1/2002 1034.96
4/1/2002 1034.4
7/1/2002 1017.6
8/1/2002 1012.14
9/1/2002 1036.51
10/1/2002 1035.16
11/1/2002 1024.2
14/1/2002 1068.97
15/1/2002 1072.07
16/1/2002 1077.11
17/1/2002 1074.29
18/1/2002 1087.3
21/1/2002 1083.38
22/1/2002 1085.56
23/1/2002 1080.43
24/1/2002 1058.32

Instruction
1. You have given daily data of banker index. Convert above data into monthly data.
You just need to consider only month end value for each month, and remove all other values.
(This is very common problem that researchers face when dealing with the data and sometimes
it takes their lots of time)
Hint: Use function "month". Further, you can use filter, and copy data into separate sheet
You can create multiple column for your convenience
Do not delete rows manually
2. Calculate Daily return (Based on Filter Data of Part 1)
3. Plot Daily return on chart

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Steps:
 Find month using formula =MONTH(A2).
 Give 1 or 0 according to month by using =IF(C2=C3,1,0).
 Calculate daily return by formula =(B3-B2)/B2
 Select data E2:E19 -> Go to Insert -> Create Charts.

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Assignment 20
Assignment: Generate random number from uniform distribution (0,1) and create frequency distribution
by using width of 0.1
Solution:

Steps:
 Create random using formula =RAND().
 In cell D3:D12 select all cell and find frequency od data by using
=FREQUENCY(A3:A32,C3:C12).
 In cell D14 find sum of frequency using =SUM(D3:D13).
 Find probability of Data by using formula =D3/$D$14.

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Assignment 21

STEPS
1.select B8 NORMINV(RAND(),135,15)Drag till B22 FREQUENCY
2.Select H4COUNTIF(B8:B22,">150")COUNTIF
3.Select H5=COUNTIF(B8:B22,">120")COUNTIF
4Select h6=SUM(H4:H5)SUM
5.Select I3=H4/H6PROBABILITY
6.Select I4=H5/H6PROBABILITY

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Assignment 22
Salesman
Name INVOICE
A 1633
B 2030
A 2020
C 1978
D 2008
E 1949
B 2074
A 2030
A 2020
B 2319
C 2120
D 2180
R 2030

Q.1Count the number of salesman with name 'A'.

Q.2 Count the total number of salesman with name 'A' or 'B'.
Q.3 Count the number of cells with invoice greater than 2050.
Q.4 Count the number of cells with not equal to 2020.
Q.5 Count the number of cells with not equal to 'G1'(cell name).

Solution:

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STEPS
1.To count the number of salesman with name “A”, put the formula
[=COUNTIF(A2:A14,"=A")]
2.To count the total number of salesman with name ”A” or “B” ,put the formula
[=COUNTIF(A2:A14,"=A")+COUNTIF(A2:A14,"=B")].
3. To count the number of cells with invoice greater than2050,put the
formula[=COUNTIF(B2:B14,">2050")].
4.To count the number of cells with not equal to2020, put the formula[=COUNTIF(B2:B14,"<>2020")].
5.To count the number of cells with not equal to “L1”(cell name),put the
formula[=COUNTIF(A2:A14,"<>"&L1)].

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Assignment 23
Generate 15 random number from uniform distribution (0,1) and create frequency distribution by
using width of 0.20

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Assignment 24

1. Count number of cells from A2 to A9 containing text only (no numeric)

2.Count the number of cells that have exactly 5 characters in cells through
A2 to A9
3.Count the number of cells that have exactly 5 characters and end with
"sh"in cells
4. Count the number of cells with an
5. Count the number of cells that start with r and end with I
6. Count the number of cells that end with "S"
7. Extract right digit

Sollution:

Steps:
1. Count number of cells from A2 to A9 containing text only (no numeric)
2.Count the number of cells that have exactly 5 characters in cells through A2 to A9
3.Count the number of cells that have exactly 5 characters and end with "sh"in cells
4. Count the number of cells with an
5. Count the number of cells that start with r and end with I
6. Count the number of cells that end with "S"
7. Extract right digits
8. Extract left digit
9. Round

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Assignment 25

If the amount spent by XX on a makeup in a given week follows normal distribution with mean 500 and
A deviation of rs. 50
1. Simulate the amount by XX for one year (for 12 months).
2. what is the probability that amount spend by XX in the month exceeds 550.

Months Random
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

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Assignment 26
Simulate 12 possible outcome of tossing of a coin assuming coin Head=
is fair. 1
Also find expected and actual number of head and tail. Tail=0

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Assignment 27
1. Find quantity sold for products that begin with A and were sold by Tom.
2. Find quantity sold for products that aren't bananas and are sold by Tom.

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Assignment 28
What was the total sales for bananas on
14/8/2013?
What was the total sales for Simar when she sold only
banana ?

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Assignment 29

Calculate Total Expenditure

Item Price Quantity

A 12 10
B 15 12
C 18 15
D 36 18
E 14 12

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Assignment 30

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Assignment 31
FIND NAME OF FOLLOWING
ROLL NO.?
FIND THEIR MARKS?

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Assignment 32
1.FIND RELATIVE POSITION OF HARSH IN
DATA ARRAY.
2.FIND RELATIVE POSITION OF APPLE IN
DATA ARRAY.

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Assignment 33

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Assignment 34

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