A project report on

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A G+4

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Submitted to

Visveswaraiah Technological University

Submitted by

SL.NO NAME USN

1 SHIVAYOGI SHIRIGERI 3SL16CV046
2 A.K.ARJUN 3SL16CV001
3 KUNAL BHAVIKATTI 3SL16CV023
4 NAVEEN KUMAR.LM 3SL16CV034

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Prof M.SHIVAKUMAR
Department of Civil Engineering

SLN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RAICHUR
 ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this project is to gain sufficient knowledge in

planning, analysis, and design of building. Our project deals with the
Analysis and design of a residential building. Analysis of structure was done
in ETABS and design of structure components like slab, beam, column,
footing, staircase etc was done by developing excel sheets. It is a reinforced
concrete framed structure consisting of G+4. IS 456:2000 codes is the basic
code for general construction in concrete structures, hence all the structural
members are designed using limit state method in accordance with the IS
456:2000 code and design aids. The planning of any building in India will be
recognized by National Building Code (NBC), hence the building is planned
in accordance with the National Building Code of India. The residential
building has proper ventilation, it is provided with sufficient Exits, Water
supply and electrification are also provided. This project also enables in
establishing in sufficient water supply, electric power supply, proper sanitary
system.
 CONTENTS
Chapter-1 Page.No
1. INTRODUCTION 1-2

Chapter-2
2.LITRERATURE REVIEW ON AUTOCAD,ETABS,MS.EXCEL

2.1.Autocad 3

2.2. ETABS 4-5

2.3. MS. Excel 5

Chapter-3
3.OBJECTIVE AND CATEGORIES OF BUILDING 6-7
Chapter-4
4.DETAILS OF PROJECT

4.1. Structural details 8

Chapter-5
5.LOADS

5.1 Dead load 9

5.2 Live load 10

5.3 Seismic load 10

5.4 Load combination 11

Chapter-6
6. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENT 12

Chapter-7
7.ADVANTAGES OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING 13
 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the project is to Analyse and Design the framed

structure of residential building
 SYNOPSIS

The main aim of structural engineer is to design the

structures for a safe, serviceable, durable and economical one. With
the advent of technology in the computing field; the structural
engineer can dare to tackle much more large and complex structures
subjected to various types of loading conditions. Earlier the loads
acting on the structures are considered as static or pseudo static, but
strictly speaking, with the exception of the self weight (dead load) no
structure load is static one.

With the development of computing facility, the structural

engineer attempted to consider the other loads which are varying
with time called as dynamic loads. Now a day a large number of
application software’s are available in civil engineering field. All these
software’s are developed as the basic of advanced finite element
analysis which includes the effect of dynamic loads such as wind
effect, earth quake effect etc.

In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the

efficiency of certain civil engineering application software’s by
comparing the result obtained by them with manual calculations.
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

The aim of the structural design is that structures should be safe,

durable, serviceable and economical with respect to initial cost and
maintenance cost. Computer helps the structural engineers to solve large
complex problems with the short interval of time. A large number of software
package are available which helps structural engineer to carry stress analysis of
complex shapes, material properties and with various boundary conditions.
Hence the analysis and design is carried out by using software’s.

The Design Process:

A structural design is an art and science of designing, with economy
and elegance, a safe, serviceable, and a durable structure.

The entire process of structural planning and design require not only
imagination and conceptual thinking (which form art of designing) but also
sound knowledge of science of structural engineering besides knowledge of
practical aspects, such as relevant design codes and bye-law, backed up by
sample experience, institution and judgment.

The process of design commences with planning of a structure,

primarily to meet the functional requirement of the user or the client. The
requirement proposed by the client may not be well defined. They may be
vague and may also be impracticable because is not aware of various
implication involved in the process of planning and design and about the
limitations and the intricacies of structural science. The functional
requirements and the aspects of aesthetics are look into normally by an
architect while the aspects of safety, serviceability, durability and economy of
the structure for its intended use over life span of the structure are attended
to be structural designers (many times, a structural engineer is require to act in
capacities of both – the architect and structural designers).
Stages in Structure Designs:
The process of structure design involves the following stages

1. Structural planning.
2. Estimation of Loads
3. Analysis of Structure
4. Member design
5. Drawing , Detailing and preparation of schedule.

STRUCTURAL PLANNING:
This involves determination of the form of the structure, the
material for the same, the structural system, the layout of its components, the
method of analysis and the philosophy of structural designs.

The principle element of a R.C. building frame are as follows.

1. Slabs to cover large area

2. Beams to support slabs and walls
3. Columns to support beams
4. Footing to distribute concentrated column loads over large area of the
supporting soil.

After getting an architectural plan of the building, the structural planning

of the building frame is done. This involves determination of the
following.
A) Column position
B) Beam location
C) Spanning of slabs
D) Layout and planning of stairs
E) Type of footing.
 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW ON AUTOCAD, ETABS AND
MS.EXCEL
AUTOCAD:
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided
design and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical,
electrical, automation, architecture etc. It was first launched in 1982 by
Autodesk, Inc.

AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls, doors

and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than
simple objects. The data can be programmed to represent products sold in the
building industry, or it can be extracted into a file for pricing material
estimation etc.

AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and

designing any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the
purpose of drafting and designing any structure. The software has various
inbuilt tools for complex drafting. Also AutoCAD can be used for 2D and 3D
design and also for perspective design. Below is a screenshot of the GUI of
AutoCAD.

With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done. It has
made the life of a drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter using paper
and pencil. It has made possible to make easy changes in the drawing as and
when required. Also various commands such as COPY, OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE
have made the tedious process of redundant work quite easy and faster.

Also one of the important features of AutoCAD is the import and export
feature which allows users to move their plans drawn using autocad to other
design softwares such as STAAD Pro and ETABS with the help of DXF file format
which has in turn reduced load on the designer. Also structural designs made
on STAAD and ETABS are also exportable to AutoCAD for minute detailing
required.
ETABS:
The program were the first to take into account the unique properties
inherent in a mathematical model of a building, allowing a computer
representation to be constructed in the same fashion as a real building, floor
by floor, story by story. ETABS uses terminology familiar to the building
designer such as columns, beams, braces and walls rather than nodes and
finite element. In any endeavor, a tool tailored to a specific task is the most
efficient. For building, ETABS provides the automation and specialized options
needed to make the process of model creation, analysis and design fast and
convenient, tools for laying out floor framing, columns, frames and walls, in
either concrete or steel, as well as techniques for quickly generating gravity
and lateral loads offer many advantages not available from most general
purpose finite element programs. Seismic and wind loads are generated
automatically according to the requirements of the selected building code. All
of these modeling and analysis options are completely integrated with a wide
range of steel and concrete design features.

While ETABS is familiar and straightforward to use for the building

Designer, it also offer many sophisticated analytical and design capabilities not
found in other commercial programs. Full dynamic analysis, including nonlinear
time-history capabilities for seismic base isolation and viscous damper, along
with static nonlinear pushover features offer state-of-the-art technology to the
engineer doing performance design. Powerful features for selection and
optimization of vertical framing members as well as the identification of key
elements for lateral drift control provide significant time saving in the design
cycle. In addition, because ETABS include complete and detailed steel and
concrete design calculations for beams and columns, braces, walls and slabs,
the time typically associated with the transfer of data between analysis and
design programs has been eliminated. This design integration, in combination
with the fact that ETABS generates CAD output files, means that production
drawings can be generated faster and with greater accuracy.

ETABS has long been a favorite for the analysis and design of buildings,
and whether the project is a one story shopping center or the tallest building in
the world, this latest release offers the comprehensive tools needed to
produce timely, efficient and elegant engineering solutions.

GENERAL FEATURES OF SOFTWARE ETABS

1. Fully integrated interface within Window 95/98/NT/2000

2. Optimized for modeling of multistory buildings.
3. 3D perspective, plan, elevation, developed elevation, and custom view.
4. 3D model generation using plans and elevations.
5. CAD drawing/editing for fast, intuitive framing layout.
6. Fast generation of model using the concept of similar stories.
7. Automated templates for typical structures.
8. Easy editing with move, merge, mirror, and replicate.

This software is utilized in this project for analysis and

design of structural elements (i.e. Beams, Columns).
Microsoft Excel:
Excel is a typical spreadsheet which is nowadays widely used in cost estimation
and also sometimes for planning purposes. Excel has various inbuilt calculation
tools which can be used for complex calculation. Apart from that one can also
input one’s own formula for special calculations. The user interface is very
friendly and easy to use. There are around Rows: 1,048,576 Columns: 16,384,
which makes it easier for the user to enter a large amount of data into a single
spreadsheet. Also there are features like the auto correct which make changes
to the entire document if there is an error in inputting an entry. This makes the
job the less redundant and easier for the Estimator.
 CHAPTER-3
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of undertaking this project is to retrieve and implement our
civil engineering knowledge that we had learned during the undergraduate
years in “SLN College of Engineering, Raichur” into this real project. And also to
make ourselves capable Civil engineers in the near future.

The important objective/aim includes the following:

1. To analyze and design a multi-storey R C building.

2.Analysis and design is done with the aid of ETABS software.

3.To study, retrieve; practice the latest software of civil like AUTOCAD and
ETABS.

4. To gain design knowledge on various structural elements like beam, column,

slab, foundation etc.

5. To familiarise in planning, analysing, designing & estimating of structures.

6.To plan a building in the urban area fulfilling all the norms.

7. To study, retrieve; practice the latest software of civil like AUTOCAD, ETABS
and other software.

8. To draw the plan of a building using software AUTOCAD.

Use of codes (IS codes).

9.To learn the importance of team spirit on working for a project. Group

Coordination/Team work.

10. To implement the acquired knowledge to real time structure.

CATEGORIES OF BUILDING
Generally, buildings are categorised as follows:

a) Residential Buildings: Any building in which sleeping accommodation is

provided with or without cooking and dining facilities. E.g. Flats, bungalows,
dormitories, private house, hostels, cottages, holiday camps, motels, etc.

b) Commercial Buildings: A commercial building is a building that is used for

commercial use. E.g. office-buildings, warehouses, restaurants, or retail (i.e.
convenience stores, 'big box' stores, shopping malls, etc.).

c) Educational Buildings: Any building used for educational purposes. E.g.

schools, colleges, universities, training institute. d) Institutional Buildings: Any
building used for treatment purpose. E.g. Hospitals, sanatoria, houses for aged
and infants.

e) Assembly Buildings: Any building where group of people gather for

recreation, social, religious, patriotic and similar purposes. E.g. Cinema halls,
theatres, church, gymnasiums, etc.

f) Business Buildings: Any building which is used for transaction of business,

E.g. Banks, court houses, libraries, city halls, etc.

g) Merchandise Buildings: Any building which is used as shops, stores,

markets, for sale and display of merchandise.

h) Industrial Buildings: Any building in which products or materials of all kinds

and properties are manufactured. E.g. Laboratories, power plants, refineries,
workshops, etc.

i) Storage Buildings: Cold storage, freight depots (exported goods in cargo e.g.
Bull dozer), garages.

j) Hazardous Buildings: Keeping risky materials like flammable liquids,

explosive materials, gases, etc.
 CHAPTER-4
Details of the Project:
The plot size for the project was 28x46 mts or 90’x150’. Accordingly the
building has been laid in the centre of the plot leaving sample space on all the
sides for landscaping and pathways for cars and for visitors parking.

Area of Plot 90’ X 150’

FAR 2.25(allowed)
Plot details Front – service road followed a
green belt from the main Mathura
road
Left and Right side – private
residential building
Rear-service lane
Number of Floor G+4
Number of Units 8
Ground Floor to be used as car
parking
Type Apartment 3BHK
Area of Each Apartment 246 sq m
Number of stairs case 5

Structural details:
Length of building 30.00m
Width of building 20.00m
Height 3.15(Below GL)+G+4@ 3.15= 18.9
Live load on Floor 3.0KN/m2
Grade of Concrete M30
Steel Fe415
Column Size 0.5m X 0.5m
Beam Size 0.3m X 0.4m
Slab Thickness 230mm
Total No Columns 252
Total No Beam 581
No of footing 42
 CHAPTER-5
LOADS:
The loading that have been considered to act upon the structure are as
follows:

1. Dead Load.

2. Live Load.

3. Seismic Load.

4. Load Combinations.

1.Dead Load or permanent Load:

This consists of the weights of the walls, partitions, floors, roofs,
including the weights of all other permanent construction in the buildings. A
schedule of unit weights of the building materials is given in IS code 875 part 1-
1987. Some of the Unit weights of building materials (IS code 875 part 1- 1987
and IS code 4562000) are shown below;

Table: Unit weight of building materials:-

Materials Unit Weight

Brick masonry 18.85 to 22KN/m3

Plain concrete 24KN/m3

Reinforced concrete 25KN/m3

Brick wall(200mm) 3.84KN/m2

Floor Finish(Marble) 26.7KN/m3

Source: IS code 875 part 1.

 2.Live Load or Imposed Load:
The live or imposed loads shall comprise all loads other than dead loads. The
minimum live load on different floors are specified in IS code 875 (part-2) -
1987.

Sl/No. Occupancy Classification UDL Point load

(KN/m2) (KN)
Residential building

1 All rooms and kitchens 2.00 1.8

2 Toilet and Bathrooms 2.00

-
3 Corridors, passages, staircase, 3.00 4.5
including fire escape and store
rooms
4 Balconies 3.00 1.5/m run
concentrated at the
outer edge
5 Flat roof access provided 0.75
-
Source: IS code 875 (part-2) – 1987.

3.Seismic load:
The seismic load for a multi storey Residential building
can be comparatively determine using IS code 4326 : 1993.
 4.Load combinations:
As per IS code 875 (part-5) – 1987, the following load combinations, whichever
combination produces the most unfavourable effect on the building,
foundation and structural member concerned may be adopted.
i)DL

ii) LL

iii) DL + LD

iv) DL + WL

v) DL + LL + WL

vi) DL + LL + EL, etc.

The values of partial safety factors of loads under different conditions are
shown in the table below in accordance with clause 36.4 of the IS code 456-
2000.

TABLE: Partial safety factors for loads under limit state of collapse

Load combination DL LL WL/EL

DL+LL 1.5 1.5 -

DL+WL 1.5 - 1.5

*DL+WL 0.9 - 1.5

DL+LL+WL 1.2 1.2 1.2

Note: *This Value should be considered when stability against overturning or stress reversal
is critical.

DL=Dead Load; LL=Live Load;

WL= Wind load; EL=Earthquake Load

TABLE: Partial safety factors for loads under limit state of serviceability
 Load combination DL LL WL/EL

DL+LL 1.0 1.0 -

DL+WL 1.0 - 1.0

DL+LL+WL 1.0 0.8 0.8

DESIGNS

 DESIGN OF SLABS

 LOADS ON BEAMS

 DESIGN OF BEAMS

 LOADS ON COLUMN

 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

 DESIGN OF FOOTING
 Advantages of multi-storey building

Unlike single – storey self storage buildings, multi – storey facilities are
more attractive to investors and tenants alike because they include
features such as:

 Premium rental rates for owners

 Faster and more convenient space rental
 Signage can be placed high on building for maximized visibility
 Ability to be built on infill areas
 Can be built on smaller parcels
 Stylish design elements like bricks, glass and stucco that blend
with neighboring office or apartments buildings
 Climate – controlled protection of customer’s property
 Elevators that make moving belongings easier
 Higher levels of security.