TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Ayala Blvd, Ermita, 1000 Metro Manila

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY MAJOR IN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

STRUCTURAL FRAME OF A
BUILDING

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

BATIANCILA, RAYMART O. ENGR. RIGIE S. NUJALDA
FRAME STRUCTURES OF A BUILDING

 Different types of frame structures are available that have been used in building
construction. They are classified into two major types namely rigid frame structure and
braced frame structure. These are further divided into various forms for instance the
former is categorized into fixed end rigid frame structure and pin ended rigid frame
structure whereas the latter is divided into gabled frames and portal frames.

 Different types of frame structures can be constructed from various materials such as
reinforced concrete, steel, and wood. A Frame structure is a structure having the
combination of beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads. These
structures are usually used to overcome the large moments developing due to the applied
loading.

TYPES OF FRAME STRUCTURES

Rigid Frame System

 Rigid frame system, which is also termed as moment frame

systems, consists of linear element like beams and columns.
The word rigid means ability to resist the deformation. It is
used in steel and reinforced concrete buildings. Rigid frames
are characterized by the lack of pinned joints within the frame,
and typically statically indeterminate.

 A rigid frame is capable of resisting both vertical and lateral

loads by the bending of beams and columns. Stiffness of the
rigid frame is provided mainly by the bending rigidity of
beams and columns that have rigid connections. The joints
shall be designed in such a manner that they have adequate
strength and stiffness and negligible deformation.

 Structural analysis methods such as the portal method (approximate), the method of
virtual work, Castigliano’s theorem, the force method, the slope-displacement method,
the stiffness method, and matrix analysis, can be used to solve for internal forces and
moments and support reactions.

Rigid frame structure is classified into two main types:

1. Fix Ended Rigid Frame Structure -The supports of the

rigid frame is fix ended
 2. Pin Ended Rigid Frame Structure - The support of this type of
rigid frame is pin ended, and it is not considered to be rigid frame
if its support conditions are removed.

Braced Frame System

 Braced frames are composed of beams

and columns that are “pin” connected with
bracing to resist lateral loads. This type of frame
simple to analyze and simple to construct. The
resistance to lateral forces in obtained through
both horizontal and vertical bracing.

 Many types of bracing can be used for

example, knee-bracing, diagonal bracing, X
bracing, K or chevron bracing, and shear walls
that resist lateral forces in the plane of the wall.
This frame system provides more efficient
resistance against the earthquake and wind
forces. It is more effective than rigid frame
system.

1. Gabled Frames - It usually has the peak at their top. This frame system is used where
there are possibilities of heavy rain and snow

2. Portal Frames - Portal frames look like a door and very much in use for construction of
industrial and commercial buildings.

REFERENCE: https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-frame-structures/35850/