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Torsion Note
Torsion Note
Chapter Objectives
Determine the shear stresses in a circular shaft due to
torsion
Determine the angle of twist
Analyze statically indeterminate torque-loaded
members
• Assumptions:
– Linear and elastic deformation
– Plane section remains plane and undistorted
T dA max dA
A
A
c
max
T dA
2
c A
Tc
max
J
T
Shear Stress
J
• Polar moment of inertia
– For solid shaft:
C
1 4
C C
J dA 2d 2 d 2
2 2 3
A 0 0 4 0
J c4
2
– For tubular shaft: J
2
c4
o ci4
EXAMPLE 1
The pipe shown in Fig. 5–12a has an inner diameter of 80
mm and an outer diameter of 100 mm. If its end is tightened
against the support at A using a torque wrench at B,
determine the shear stress developed in the material at the
inner and outer walls along the central portion (C) of the pipe
when the 80-N forces are applied to the wrench.
J
2
0.05 0.04 5.79610 m
4 4 6 4
C
ANGLE OF TWIST
dx
d
C
TLDC 22.51.5 0.0269 rad
JG
20.014 8010 9
A/ B
TAB LAB
45 2
0.0716 rad
JG 20.010 80 10
4 9
• The total rotation of end A is therefore
Power is rewritten as
EXAMPLE 3
Equilibrium
• Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft in order to identify all
the torques that act on it. Then write the equations of
moment equilibrium about the axis of the shaft.
Compatibility
• To write the compatibility equation, investigate the way the
shaft will twist when subjected to the external loads, and
give consideration as to how the supports constrain the
shaft when it is twisted.
Mx 0
Tb 800 500 TA 0 (1)
• Since the ends of the shaft are fixed, the angle of twist of one end of the
shaft with respect to the other must be zero.
A/ B 0
• Using Eq. 1,
TA 345 N m
Tc T 14.85
allow ; 56 T 288 .06 Nm
J / 214.854
allow
TL
0.02
T 1.2 10 3 T 33.10 Nm (Ans)
JGal
;
/ 214.85 26 10
4
3
• Shear flow
T
q
2 Am
• Angle of twist
TL ds
2
4 AmG t
Am 0.0350.057 0.002 m2
T 35
A 1.75 MPa (Ans)
2tAm 20.005 0.002
T 35
B 2.92 MPa (Ans)
2tAm 20.003 0.002
• Angle of twist is
TL ds 600.5 57 35
2
4 AmG t 2
9
2 2
40.002 38 10 5 3
351.5 57 35
2 2
9
40.002 38 10 5 3
2
Tc
• Maximum stress stress: max K
J
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 3
The stepped shaft shown in Fig. 5–33a is supported by
bearings at A and B. Determine the maximum stress in the
shaft due to the applied torques. The shoulder fillet at the
junction of each shaft has a radius of r = 6 mm.
Tc 300.020
max K 1.3 4
3.10 MPa (Ans)
J 20.020
2
2Y c
2 Y d 2 Y Y 2 d
0
Y Y Y
Y
2
c
Y 3d 2 Y 2 d
Y 0 Y
2 Y
2
Y Y Y c 3 Y 3
4
3
Y
6
4c 3 Y
3
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
INELASTIC TORSION
• Plastic Torque:
2
c
T 2 Y 2 d Y c3
0
3
• Ultimate Torque:
2
T 2 d
A
L max 1.5
; 0.6 max 0.008 rad
0.02
Y 0.02
Y 0.004 m 4 mm
0.0016 0.008
75106
T
Y
6
4c 3
3
Y 6
40.02 0.004 1.25 kNm
3 3
(Ans)
2
c0
Tp 2 Y 2 d Y c03 ci3
ci
3
2
3
84 10 3 0.053 0.025 3 19.24 kNm (Ans)
• The angle of twist that occurs can be determined from Eq. 5–25, which
for the entire tube becomes
L 0.002 1.5
p Y 0.120
ci 0.025
r
Tp co
19.24 0.05
J / 20.054 0.025 4
104.52103 kN/m 2
104.52 MPa