A.

DEFINITION OF SEMANTIC

The semantics (from the Greek: semanticos signifying, importantly, from the word
sema, the sign) are linguistic branches that study the meaning / meaning contained
in a language, code, or other type of representation. In other words, Semantics is
the study of meaning. Semantics is usually associated with two other aspects: syntax,
the formation of complex symbols of simpler symbols, as well as pragmatics, the
practical use of symbols by communities in particular contexts.

According to Lyons 1968 (from achmad article-2007) that semantic is “the term
semantics is of relatively recent origin, being coined in the late nineteenth century froma
Greek verb meaning to signify”, it means that th definition of semantic is new term
from greek verb “to sign”

According to Chomsky (1965) that semantic understanding is one component of

grammar, in addition to the other two components of syntax, and phenology, and
the meaning of the very sentence is determined by the semantic component.

Meaning is an integral part of semantics and is always attached to what we say.

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica (in Pateda, 2001: 7) the semantic relation
to meaning is the study of the relationship between a linguistic differentiator with
mental processes or symbols of speech activity.
Semantic is one of linguistic sub-discipline that discuss about meaning from
meaning process contained in a process of meaning both from the speaker and also
the listener in a conversation.

B. KIND OF SEMANTIC

1. Conceptual Semantics
The conceptual semantic sense is a denotative or cognitive meaning that is a central
factor in language communication. Similarly, because of the conceptual meaning
that has a very complex and complicated arrangementt.

2. Grammatical Semantics
Grammatical semantics or grammatical meanings such as affixation, reduplication,
composition. For example, grammatical semantics or grammatical meanings are the
process of fixation of "ber" prefixes with "shirts: giving birth to grammatical
meaning" wearing clothes ".

3. Referential Semantics
The meaning of referential meaning is the meaning of lexeme based on reference.
A word that has a referential meaning has reference around life. Examples of
referential meanings are the word chicken, red and so on.

4. Non Referential Meaning

Understanding non-referential meaning is a meaning that has no reference..
Examples of words and because, in order, are not included into words that have a
referential meaning because they have no reference.

5. Narrow Meaning
The meaning of narrow meaning (narrowed meaning) is the narrower meaning of
the whole utterance. Broad meaning can be narrowed or a word whose origin has a
broad meaning (generic) can have a narrow meaning (specific) because it is limited.

6. Widened Meaning
Widened meaning (widened meaning or extended meaning) is the meaning
contained in a word that is wider than expected. With almost the same meaning,
the explanation of Wwidened meaning is the meaning of speech which is more
outward than its central meaning. For example, the broad meaning is the meaning
of school in the phrase "He goes back to school in Seskoal" which is wider than the
meaning of "building of learning place".

7. The Meaning of Words

Understanding the meaning of the word is a clearer meaning which is possessed by
a word if such a word is already within the context of the sentence or the context of
the situation.

8. Denotative Semantics
Understanding denotative meanings is the original meaning, meaning of origin, or
meaning that actually has a lexeme. So the real meaning of this denotative meaning
is the same as the lexical meaning.

9. Connotative Meaning
The notion of connotative meaning is another meaning that is added to the
denotative meaning contained in a lexeme.

10. The term semantics

The notion of the meaning of the term is a definite, clear, undoubted meaning
even without the context of a sentence. Therefore, it is often said that the term is
context free, whereas the word is not context-free. But keep in mind that a term can
only be used in certain scientific fields or activities.

11. Associative Semantics

The term associative semantics is the meaning that has a lexemes or word relating
to the existence of the word's relationship with something that exists outside the
language. An example of associative meaning is the word red associated with
courage, the word "black" associated with crime.

12. Idiomatical Meaning

Understanding the meaning of idiom is the unit of speech which has the meaning
can not be "predicted" of its elements, either lexically or also grammatically.

13. Semantic Proverbs

Understanding the meaning of proverb is a meaning that can still be traced or
traced from the meaning of its elements because there is "association" between the
original meanings with the meaning of proverbs.

14. Simile meaning

Simile meaning is as opposed to the true meaning. All forms of language (whether
words, phrases, or sentences) that do not refer to the actual meaning (lexical
meaning, conceptual meaning, or denotative meaning) are called figurative
meanings. An example of the meaning of Simile is the night princess word meaning
moon and the day king which has the meaning of the sun.

C. SEMANTIC ELEMENTS

1. Signs and Symbols (symbols)

Signs and symbols (symbols are the two elements present in the language) Signs and
symbols are developed into a simiotic-themed theory Simiotics have three aspects
that are closely related to linguistics, ie syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects .

a. Lexical Meaning and Referential Relations

The lexical element is the smallest unit in the system of meaning of a linguistics and
its existence can be distinguished from the other smallest unit. The lexical meaning
can be categorematical and syncategorematical, ie all words and imlpeksi, a group of
scientists with a structural meaning that must be defined in units of construction.
While the referential relationship is the relationship that exists between a word and
the outside world of the language referred to by the conversation.

b. Naming
The term naming, interpreted Kridalaksana (1993), as the process of searching the
language symbol to describe the concept of concept, process and so forth; usually by
utilizing the existing treasury; among other things with possible changes of meaning
or with the creation of a word or group of words.