Guanzon, Ghera Maris O.

Kaatoan-Bangkal
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Scientific names Common names

Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. Kaatoan-bangkal (Tag.)

Anthocephalus morindifolius Korth. Cadamba (Engl.)

Nauclea cadamba Roxb. Kadam (Engl.)

Nauclea megaphylla S.Moore Common bur-flower tree (Engl.)

Neonauclea megaphylla (S.Moore) S.Moore

Samana cadamba (Roxb.) Kuntze

Sarcocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Kurz

Botany
Kaatoan-bangkal is a medium-sized to large tree growing 15 to 45 meters high. Bark is gray, smooth in young trees, rough
and longitudinally fissured in old trees. Bole is straight and cylindrical, branchless for up to 25 meters, with small buttresses
and a broad crown. Leaves are large, 15 to 50 centimeters long and 8 to 25 centimeters wide, glossy green, opposite, ovate to
elliptic, with acute to acuminate apex, loosely arranged, petioled with lanceolate stipules. Flowers are occur in terminal, solitary
heads, 3 to 5 centimeters wide. Corolla is funnelform with five lobes. Fruits are united and embedded in a receptacle.
Distribution
- Found in primary forests at low and medium altitudes in the Philippines.
- Occasionally planted along roadsides.
- Also occurs in India, China, Australia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea.
Constituents
- Phytochemical screenings have yielded indole alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, sapogenins, terpenes, steroids, fats and
reducing sugars, glycoside, steroids, fats, and flavonoids.
- Isolated principles are glycosidic indole alkaloids; cadambine, 3a-dihydrocadambine, isodihydrocadambine, and two non-
glycosidic alkaloids- cadamine and isocadamine.
- Bark yields tannins and an astringent principle.
- Stem bark yielded a pentacyclic triterpenic acid, cadambagenic acid, along with quinovic acid and ß-sitosterol.
- Leaves have yielded cadamine and isocadamine.
- Leaves yielded nine compounds: clethric acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester , mussaendoside T, β-stigmasterol, hederagenin,
ursolic acid, clethric acid, 3β,6β,19α,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, mussaendoside I, and cadambine. Compounds 1 and
2 were new triterpenoid glycosides. (2)
- Phytochemical screening of leaves yielded saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, and tannins. (see study below) (14)
- Phytochemical screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of roots yielded flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and sugars. The
methanol extract yielded alkaloids. (see study below) (8)
- Phenolic, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins in the leaf methanol extract were 48.0 mgGAE/g DW, 103.3 mgQE/g DW and
106.0 mg CE/g DW, respectively. Values were significantly lower in the fruit methanol extract with 18.0, 15.4, and 47.6,
respectively. (see study below) (19)
- Methanolic extract of fruit yielded carbohydrate, phenol, phytosterol, protein and amino acid, terpene and glycoside. (see study
below) (20)

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- Phytochemical analysis of solvent extract of leaves by GC-MS yielded 26 compounds with major constituents identified as n-
hexadecanoic acid (44.88%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (17.96%) and octadecanoic acid ethyl ester (11.71%). (21)
- Methanolic extract of bark yielded alkaloids and tannins. (24)
Properties
- Bark considered tonic, bitter, pungent, acrid, astringent, febrifuge, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, carminative,
diuretic, expectorant, antiemetic, wound-healing.
- Studies have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diarrheal, wound healing, anesthetic, antiseptic, antidiabetic,
hypocholesterolemic properties.
Parts used
Bark, flowers, leaves.

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Bulobangkal (Nato)
Nauclea junghuhnii

Scientific names Common names

Nauclea junghuhnii (Miq.) Merr. Bangkal (Tag., S. L. Bis.)

Nauclea glaberrima Blanco Bulobankal (P. Bis.)

Nauclea hirsuta (Havil.) Merr. Kabak (S. L. Bis.)

Nauclea pubescens (Valeton) Merr. Kalamansanai (Sul.)

Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud. Magalablab (Bag.)

Sarcocephalus horsfeldii Miq. Mambog (Bik.)

Sarcocephalus junghuhnii Miq. Mamuloko (Bag.)

Sarcocephalus mitragynus Miq. Nato (Ibn., Lan.)

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 Sarcocephalus pubescens Miq. Sapauan (Mand.)

Sarcocephalus subditus (Korth.) Miq. Tiroron (Bik.)

Southern bangkal (Engl.)

Botany
Tree reaching a height of 25 meters. Leaves are leathery, ovate, 8-20 cms long, pointed at the tip, rounded or pointed at the
base, on petioles about 2 cm long. Flowers are yellow, occuring in rounded heads. The lower part of the flower form a ball from
which the corollas project like pins from a pin cushion. When the corolla falls off, the ball enlarges and becomes a fruit. Fruit is
round, 2 cm in diameter, fleshy, brown, pitted on the surface.
Distribution
Found in primary forests at low altitudes in Isabela, Quezon, Zambales, Camarines, Sorsogon and Albay Provinces in Luzon; in
Masbate, Leyte, Negros and Mindanao.
Also found in Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Parts used
Bark, leaves.
Uses
Decoction of bark used to regulate menstruation.
Availability
Wild-crafted.

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Supa (Yakal)
Sindora supa

Scientific names Common names

Sindora supa Merr. Balayong (Tayabas)

Sindora wallichii F.-Vill. Manopo (Bik., Tag.)

Paina (Bik.)

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 Parina (Bik.)

Supa (Tag., Bik.)

Yakal-dilau (Tayabas)

Kerosene tree (Engl.)

Botany
Supa is a is a deciduous, unarmed tree reaching a height of 20 to 30 meters. The bole is straight, regular, and without
buttresses. Leaves are pinnate, about 15 centimeters long, with three pairs of leaflets which are glabrous, coriaceous, elliptic,
3.5 to 9 centimeters long and 2.5 to 5 centimeters wide. Panicles are terminal or axillary, 10 to 15 centimeters long. Pods are
broadly ovate, about 4 centimeters long and 6 centimeters wide, rounded at the base, somewhat beaked at the apex, evenly
provided with spinelike thorns. Seeds are 1-3, black, shiny, with a large and fleshy aril.

Distribution
- Native to the Philippines.
- Found in forests at low and medium altitudes in Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Camarines and Albay provinces in Luzon; and in
Mindoro.
- Also reported in Australia. Possibly naturalized in northern Queensland.

Constituents
- Freshly cut tree yields about 10 liters of oil.
- Oil is probably a mixture of sesquiterpenes.

Properties
- Oil is non-drying, limpid, light yellow, homogenous, and slightly fluorescent, with a pleasant aromatic odor, and does not
become rancid.
- Wood prized for its durability and pleasant aroma.

Parts used
Oil.

Uses
Folkloric
Supa oil used as external medicine for eczema, herpes, ulcers and other skin diseases.
Others

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• Oil: Oil used as illuminant, for caulking boats, making varnishes, paints, transparent paper and adulteration of other oils.
• Wood: Extensive uses for cabinet and furniture making, construction, furniture and interior house trims, general carpentry,
naval construction, form work, veneer making, framing,

Availability
Wild-crafted.

Taluto
Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco)

Local Name: Abigon, Taoto, Tautu (Bataan, Leyte); Bangat (Zambales); Bayao, Takung
(Surigao); Balulau (Agusan); Duidui (Tayabas); Huligano (Nueva Ecija); Libtuk
(Cagayan); Malasapsap (Pampanga); Marakapas (Kalayaan Is., Ilocos Sur,
Benguet); Mayo (Manobo); Taloto, Taluto (Nueva (Ecija, Bataan, Laguna,
Tayabas, Camarines, Mindoro, Negros, Palawan, Cotabato); Tagungtungan
(Cebu).

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 Family: Sterculiaceae

Product Description: A tall tree reaching a height of 45-50m and a diameter of 90cm. It has a
straight, regular trunk 25-30m in length. Typical leaves are heart-shaped. The
fruits are oval, over a centimetre long, and with prominent wings 7-10cm in
length. The wood is white, light, and very soft. The bast is pale orange-yellow

NTFP Classification: Exudates and extracts, Other commercial and industrial uses

DISTRIBUTION

Countries Found: Philippines

Description: It occurs in the virgin forests and usually on the drier soils. For a short period during the dry
season it is leafless

USES AND PARTS USED

Parts Used: bark, bast

Uses: Bast fiber used for making rope