Vlad Torishnyak

Date October 14th

Period 1 Ap Euro
I. Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding
A. Economic and Demographic Crisis
1. To varying degrees and at different times, Europe faced a decline in agriculture and
industry
2. Moral Economy developed where community needs dominate over competition and profit.
B. Seventeenth-Century State Building: Common Obstacles and Achievements
1. Rulers found it difficult to effectively tax and police their states due to poor
communication
2. Other obstacles included the nobility and other institutions like the church and councils
3. An absolute monarch had to break these institutions and find ways around them, (Louis
XIV
4. Constitutional Monarchies, these institutions retained power or even grew in power.
5. States succeeded in 4 things: Greater taxation, growth in Armed Forces, Larger and more
efficient bureaucracies and the increased ability to command obedience from subjects.
6. Greater taxation meant need for larger complex bureaucracies
7. Sovereignty- state that holds complete power over justices and armed forces in itself
C. Warfare and the Growth of Army Size
1. Medieval armies were raised by feudal lords when necessary, monarchs created standing
armies both within and outside the country. Officers not self-interested, loyal to king
2. Growth spurned by how armies were formed; before armies were formed too slow and
allowed enemies to respond, Louis XIV developed the standing army.
D. Popular Political Action
1. Popular Revolts – usually over bread or food- they were common all over Europe this time
2. As governments became more centralized, monarchy had more authority over
principalities
II. Absolutism in France and Spain
A. The foundation of Absolutism: Henry IV, Sully and Richelieu
1. Henry IV revived France after Civil War and lowered taxes for poor and placed fees on
nobl
2. Trade increased from help of the Duke of Sully, Edict of Nantes lets Hugh. worship
3. After Henry, Wife Marie de Medici secured Cardinal Richelieu a place in politics
4. Richelieu’s goal was to give the monarchy power of institutions
5. Richelieu eliminated power brokers, created Intendants who governed over one of 32
Generalites and reported directly to king. From Noblesse de robe or robe nobility
6. Richelieu and Louis XIII destroyed la Rochelle and voided Edict of Nantes
7. Supported Hapsburg enemies to undermine Hapsburg authority in Germany
8. Richelieu was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin (Louis XIV) who’s increase in taxes lead to
the Fronde, a revolt of the Nobility
9. Next came the Noblesse d’eppe or nobles of the Sword who went into open war against
Reagent. Ended when Louis XIV became king
 Vlad Torishnyak
Date October 14th
Period 1 Ap Euro
B. Louis XIV and Absolutism
1. Louis XIV believed in Divine Right of Kings- God has established kings as rulers on earth
and they only answered to him. He appointed middle class officials and did not share power
2. Louis kept nobles in palace, did not call estates general and had no minister
3. Louis revoked Edict of Nantes for sake of political unity not intolerance
C. Financial and Economic Management Under Louis XIV: Colbert
1. King appointed Jean-Baptiste Colbert as controller general of Finance viciously employed
mercantilism- is a collection of government policies that regulate economy
2. Colbert hoped to make France more self-sufficient and sell more good then it bought and
also wanted to tap into Canada’s rich resources.
3. In some provinces Estates held the power to negotiate with the crown regarding taxes
D. Louis XIV’s Wars
1. François le Tellier as secretary of war who brought men into Louis’s standing army
2. Louis expanded France for what he saw as defensive purposes and led to other countries
ally
3. Louis moved to secure Spain and in the Peace of Utrecht- French and Spanish would
never be united, France gives up Canadian territory to England
E. The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the seventeenth Century
1. In the 1600s, Spain developed complex bureaucracies and taxes and also annexed Portugal
2. Phillip II banished all Muslim converts, moriscos, from Spain, losing skilled workers.
3. Spanish mines in Americas grew dry and trade cut into income in colonies, public
condemned money making and instead focused on spiritual and political positions
4. Through a serious of wars Spain lost power and wealth and prestige
5. IN Don Quixote, Cervantes illustrates Spain (the don as idealistic) and wanting form glory
F. Colonial Administration
1. Spain divided New world into four Viceroyalties : New Spain, Peru, New Granada, La
Plata
2. Charles III introduced intendents into these districts, the crown claimed quinto or 1/5 of
ore
III. The Culture of Absolutism
A. Baroque Art and Music
1. Papacy and Jesuits encourage growth of emotional and exuberant art. Audience became
public not just Elite (renaissance). Reached maturity with Pete Paul Rubens who painted
glorifying painting of monarchs and also extremely real nudes
2. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote many secular and religious pieces of music
B. Court Culture
1. Louis palace of Versailles set the standard for courts, French Nobles were required to
spend at least a year in Versailles and peasants were allowed in.
2. Patronage was practiced where a higher ranking person protected a lower on in exchange
for loyalty and service.
 Vlad Torishnyak
Date October 14th
Period 1 Ap Euro
3. Women had some influence in the courts, making their opinion heard
C. French Classicism
1. French culture dates back to Richelieu who set up schools of arts
2. Led to French Classicism because style resembled renaissance writers as did art
3. Louis supported dance and acting ( Moliere who made satire and Jean Racine with
tragedy)
IV. Constitutionalism
A. Constitutionalism is the limitation of government by law
B. Absolutist Claims in England (1603-1649)
1. Elizabeth success came due to political shrewdness and hew cousin James I (Stuart) next
2. James I although experienced lacked the grace that the English saw in Elizabeth
3. He believed in Divine Right of Kings, this did not sit well the house of commons
C. Religious Divides
1. Puritans wanted to completely remove Catholicism
2. Charles I supported more Catholic Church, the Scots revolt and Charles need money.
Charles then dissolved parliament and levied harsh taxes. In 1641 Parliament passed the
Triennial act which meant the king had to summon them every 3 years.
3. Charles then created an army form the noble north. Parliament created the New Model
Army under the leadership of Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell who defeated and captured
the king and in 1647, Cromwell dismissed those who opposed him from parliament and
beheaded Charles
D. Puritanical Absolutism in England: Cromwell and the Protectorate
1. Protectorate under Cromwell became a military dictatorship with the Instrument of
Government which made the lord protector and a council of state the leaders
2. Cromwell outlawed Catholicism, killed Irish and had a very censored state
E. The restoration of the English Monarchy
1. The Monarchy came back with Charles II and he was indifferent to religious matters.
Parliament passed the Test Act which meant threat to hold public office or teach, on
needed to be Anglican
2. Payed off by Louis to be catholic and sponsor a cath nation. Succeeded by James II
3. James appointed caths to administrative positions, and allowed religious tolerance
4. Two events to revolution: seven bishops of Anglican petioned to not read declaration of
indulgence because they felt it was illegal. Second, James had a male heir.
F. The triumph of England’s Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy and Cabinet Government
1. Called Glorious Revolution because William and Mary took over without blood shed
2. Wrote up Bill of Rights outlining England’s constitution –King rules with consent of
subjects
3. John Locke’s Second Treatise of Civil Government said that people set up government to
protect life, liberty and property (USA)
G. The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century
 Vlad Torishnyak
Date October 14th
Period 1 Ap Euro
1. Dutch had prospered after 30 years war and the States general handeled matters of
foreign affairs. Its rep, the stadholder in each province.
2. The Dutch had a very loose and weak union of rich and powerful provinces so while
other countries suffered economically the dutch prospered.