FUNDAMENTALS OF
PLUMBING AND PUMBING
SYSTEM
PLUMBING --- The art and science of
creating and maintaining sanitary
conditions in building used by humans.
Also defined as the art and science of
installing, repairing and servicing the
pipes, fixtures and appurtenances
necessary for bringing in water supply and
removing liquid and water-borne wastes.
PLUMBING SYSTEM --- Includes the
water supply distributing pipes; the fixture
and fixture traps; the soil, waste and vent
pipes; the building drain and building
sewer; the storm water drainage, with
their devices, appurtenance and
connections with the building and outside
the building within the property line.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM --- A
system in plumbing which provides and
distributes water to the different parts of
the building or structure, for purposes
such as drinking, cleaning, washing,
culinary use, etc.; it includes the water
distributing pipes, control devices,
equipment, and other appurtenances.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM --- All the piping without the discharge of other fixtures to
within a public or private premises which the building drain or building sewer.
conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid
wastes to a point of disposal.
WASTE PIPE --- A pipe that conveys
only liquid waste free of fecal matter.
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT
INDIRECT WASTE --- A waste pipe
PIPING SYSTEM --- Installed by the that does not connect directly with the
plumber to remove wastewater and
drainage system, but that discharges into
water-borne wastes from the plumbing
the drainage system through an air break
fixtures and appliances, and to provide
or gap into a trap, fixture receptor or
circulation of air within the drainage
interceptor.
piping.
DRAIN --- A pipe which carries ground
SANITARY DRAINAGE PIPES ---
and surface water, storm water or waste
Pipes installed to remove the wastewater
water into the building drainage system.
and water-borne wastes from plumbing
fixtures and conveys these to these to the STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM --- The
sanitary sewer and other point of disposal. storm drainage system is a system of
pipes, fitting, devices and appurtenances
VENTILATION SYSTEM --- A system
for removing storm water-rainwater,
of pipes, fittings and other devices
surface run-off and underground seepage
installed for the purpose of providing
resulting from preciptation.
circulation of air and creating balanced
atmospheric condition within the system
thereby preventing siphonage and
backpressure.
SOIL PIPE --- A pipe that conveys the
discharge of water closet or similar
fixtures containing fecal matter, with or
WATER AND WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEMS
WATER – is the most basic and
fundamental component of life on earth
HEAT CAPACITY – water has the
ability to absorb heat without becoming
much warmer itself.
SURFACE TENTION – it is the ability
of water to stick to itself and pull itself
together
CAPILLARITY – the ability of water to
climb up a surface against the pull of
gravity
DISOLVING ABILITY – water has the
ability to dissolve almost any substance, it
is known as a universal solvent
NATURAL WATER – readily found in
nature, as impounded from precipitation,
contains impurities ( physical, chemical,
bacteriological or radiological ).
PURIFIED WATER – water which
undergoes treatment, either physical,
biological or chemical means to improve
water quality.
CONTAMINATED WATER – water
with any material or subatance that
affects the quality of water and affects the
health of individual .
POLLUTED WATER – water with the
presence of any foreign substance
(organic, inorganic, radiological, biological)
which tends to degrade its quality so as to
constitute health hazard and impair the
potability of water
HARD WATER – water with the
presence of elements such as calcium,
magnesium, iron, and aluminium which
causes hardness.
SOFT WATER – water without the
presence of calcium and magnesium
GREY WATER – water from laundry,
wash basin, sinks, shower, bath tubs
BLACK WATER – water –plus-human
waste that is flushed out of toilets and
urinals
STORM WATER – rain, surface run-off
WATER TREATMENT
SEDIMENTATION – this process
removes suspended matter from water
simply by allowing time and the inactivity
of water to do the work of setting out
heavier suspended particles
COAGULATION ( flocculation ) –
this process removes suspended matter,
along with some coloration.
AERATION (Oxidation ) – this
process can improve the taste and color of
water, remove iron and manganese and
decrease in corrosiveness.
OZONATION – less aesthetic than
aeration but more certain oxidation
process, commonly used in cooling tower
treatment and in addition ozonation has a
very wide range of treatment applications
SLOW SAND FILTERS – used in
rainwater application, low maintenance,
easily constructed devices that should be
cleaned as often as the turbidity of water
demands.
PRESSURE SAND FILTERS – requires
control and the attention of the operator
and are rarely used for individual water
systems.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTERS
– can be either vacuum or pressure type,
require periodic attention to make it
effective
POROUS STONE, CERAMIC OR
UNGLAZED PORCELAIN FILTERS
(Pasteur filters) – usually made in
small sizes so that they can be attached to
water faucets.
FINE FILTRATION – combined process
that removes iron and/ or manganese,
which from precipitates.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS –
particularly effective for removing tastes
and odors.
REVERSE OSMOSIS – widely used method
for desalting seawater, sometimes used to
reduce the mineral content in water.
DISINFECTION – most important health-
related water treatment.
CHLORINE – most widely used
disinfectant in municipal water system in
most parts of the world.
CHLORAMINES – these compounds,
resulting from the reaction of ammonia
with chlorine in water solution, are
commonly used in municipal water supply
systems because of its superior stability of
chloramines compounds over chlorine.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE – chlorine
dioxide exhibits stronger disinfecting
characteristics than chloramines
IODINE – the common relative of
chlorine has been used for years by
campers for disinfecting drinking water of
unknown quality.
DISTILLATION – purification that
produces the equivalent of bottled water
for drinking, cooking and laboratory uses.
CORROSION CONTROL – keep
water systems operating freely and to
prevent corrosive water from increasing
the concentration of hazardous materials
(as from copper pipes).
NUISSANCE CONTROL –

WATER DESALINATION – procedure

is done by heating seawater than pumping
water

GROUND WATER

WELLS

WATER WELLS

DRUG WELLS

DRIVEN WELLS

BORED WELLS

DRILLED WELLS