ULTRASOUND

WIPRO GE HEALTHCARE

Prepared By-
Ananya Sharma
 TOPICS
• About “GENERAL ELECTRIC”
• LOCATIONS OF GE
• SUBSIDIARIES OF GE
• GE HEALTHCARE
• PRODUCTS OF GE HEALTHCARE
• ULTRASOUND:INTRODUCTION
• APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND
• MEDICAL ULTRASOUND
• APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IN HEALTHCARE
• ADVANTAGES OF ULTRASOUND
• DISADVANTAGES OF ULTRASOUND
• BASIC PARTS OF ULTRASOUND
• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ULTRASOUND
• WORKING OF ULTRASOUND
• HARDWARE OF ULTRASOUND
• TYPES OF HARDWARE ISSUES
• PRODUCT RANGE OF GE HEALTHCARE
• PROJECT:IB MINING
• GOLDEN SERVICE RULE
• ABBREVIATIONS
 ABOUT GENERAL ELECTRICS
• General Electric Company (GE) is an
American multinational conglomerate
incorporated in New York City and
headquartered in Boston.
• It was established by Thomas Alva Edison 127
years ago on 15th April 1892 in
Schenectady,NewYork.
• General Electric headcount is approximately
2,83,000 in 2018.
• According to the reports the annual revenue of
General Electric is US $121.615 billion as in 2018.
• The CEO of General Electric is H. Lawrence Culp Jr.
GENERAL ELECTRIC LOCATIONS
 GENERAL ELECTRIC SUBSIDIARIES
• GE Aviation
• GE Power
• GE Healthcare
• GE Lighting
• GE Renewable Energy
• GE Digital
• GE Global Research
• GE Capital
• GE Additive
• GE Ventures
 GE Healthcare
• It is a subsidiary of General Electric founded 25
years ago,on 28 September 1994.
• GE Healthcare is an
American multinational conglomerate
incorporated in New York and headquartered
in Chicago, Illinois.
• The company is a manufacturer and distributor of
diagnostic imaging agents
and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging modalities
that are used in medical imaging procedures.
 PRODUCTS OF GE HEALTHCARE
• Ultrasound Machines
• X-Ray
• CT
• MRI
• ECG
• PET
• Incubators
• Bone Densitometry
• Patient Monitoring
• Respiratory Care Systems
 ULTRASOUND
• Ultrasound is soundwaves with frequencies
higher than the upper audible limit of
human hearing.
 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASOUND
• Cleaning
• Detection of Cracks
• Echocardiography
• Ultrasonography
• Lithotrispy
• SONAR
• Echocolation
 MEDICAL ULTRASOUND
• MEDICAL ULTRASOUND is a diagnostic
imaging technique based on the application of
ultrasound.
• It is used to create an image of internal body
structures.
• Ultrasound Imaging is also called
“SONOGRAPHY” or “ULTRASONOGRAPHY”.
 APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASOUND IN
HEALTHCARE
• Anesthesiology(placement of needles for anesthetic soltutions)
• Angiology(assessing blood flow in neurology)
• Cardiology(imaging of heart)
• Gastroenterology(imaging of abdominal organs)
• Gynecology(female pelvic organs)
• Obstetrics(development of fetus)
• Hemodynamics(blood velocity)
• Otolaryngology(imaging of heart and neck)
• Neonatology(imaging of brain)
• Ophthamology(imaging of eyes)
• Pulmonology(imaging of lungs)
• Urology(imaging of urinary bladder)
• Nephrology(imaging of kidney)
• Musculoskeleton(imaging of muscles, tendons, nerves ,ligaments)
 ADVANTAGES OF ULTRASOUND
• They are generally painless and do not require
needles, shots or cuts.
• Patients aren't exposed to ionizing radiation,
making the procedure safer than diagnostic
techniques such as X-rays and CT scans. In fact,
there are no known harmful effects when used as
directed by your health care provider.
• Ultrasound captures images of soft tissues that
don't show up well on X-rays.
• Ultrasounds are widely accessible and less
expensive than other methods.
DISADVATAGES OF ULTRASOUND
• Ultrasound results may identify a potential area
of concern that is not malignant. These false-
positive results could lead to more procedures,
including biopsies, that are not necessary.
• Many cancers cannot be detected via an
ultrasound.
• An ultrasound requires a highly experienced and
skilled operator.
• Image quality is low as compared to CT and MRI.
 BASIC PARTS OF ULTRASOUND
• Transducer probe - probe that sends and receives the sound waves
• Central processing unit (CPU) - computer that does all of the
calculations and contains the electrical power supplies for itself and
the transducer probe
• Transducer pulse controls - changes the amplitude, frequency and
duration of the pulses emitted from the transducer probe
• Display - displays the image from the ultrasound data processed by
the CPU
• Keyboard/cursor - inputs data and takes measurements from the
display
• Disk storage device (hard, floppy, CD) - stores the acquired images
• Printer - prints the image from the displayed data
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
ULTRASOUND
 WORKING OF AN ULTRASOUND
• The ultrasound machine transmits high-frequency (1 to 5
megahertz) sound pulses into your body using a probe.
• The sound waves travel into your body and hit a boundary between
tissues (e.g. between fluid and soft tissue, soft tissue and bone).
• Some of the sound waves get reflected back to the probe, while
some travel on further until they reach another boundary and get
reflected.
• The reflected waves are picked up by the probe and relayed to the
machine.
• The machine calculates the distance from the probe to the tissue or
organ (boundaries) using the speed of sound in tissue (5,005 ft/s
or1,540 m/s) and the time of the each echo's return (usually on the
order of millionths of a second).
• The machine displays the distances and intensities of the echoes on
the screen, forming a two dimensional image .
HARDWARE OF THE ULTRASOUND
1-TRANSDUCER PROBE
• It makes sound waves and recieves the echoes.
• It generates and recieves sound waves using PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
which was discovered by PIERRE and JACQUES CURIE in 1880.
• In the probe there are piezoelectric crystals.
• When an electric current is applied to these crystals, they change
shape rapidly. The rapid shape changes, or vibrations, of the
crystals produce sound waves that travel outward.
• Transducer probes come in many shapes and sizes. The shape of
the probe determines its field of view, and the frequency of
emitted sound waves determines how deep the sound waves
penetrate and the resolution of the image.
• There are different types of transducer probe like
sector,linear,convex,transvaginal,transoesophagus,curvilinear,phas
earray etc.
HARDWARE OF THE ULTRASOUND
2-CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
• The CPU is the brain of the ultrasound machine.
• The CPU is basically a computer that contains
the microprocessor, memory, amplifiers and power supplies for the
microprocessor and transducer probe.
• The CPU sends electrical currents to the transducer probe to emit
sound waves, and also receives the electrical pulses from the
probes that were created from the returning echoes.
• The CPU does all of the calculations involved in processing the data.
Once the raw data are processed, the CPU forms the image on the
monitor.
• The CPU can also store the processed data and/or image on disk.
HARDWARE OF THE ULTRASOUND
3-TRANSDUCER PULSE CONTROL
• The transducer pulse controls allow the operator, called the ultrasonographer, to set and change
the frequency and duration of the ultrasound pulses, as well as the scan mode of the machine. The
commands from the operator are translated into changing electric currents that are applied to the
piezoelectric crystals in the transducer probe.
4-DISPLAY
• The display is a computer monitor that shows the processed data from the CPU. Displays can be
black-and-white or color, depending upon the model of the ultrasound machine.
5-KEYBOARD
• Ultrasound machines have a keyboard and a cursor, such as a trackball, built in. These devices allow
the operator to add notes to and take measurements from the data.
6-STORAGE
• The processed data and/ or images can be stored on disk. The disks can be hard disks, floppy
disks, compact discs (CDs) or digital video discs (DVDs). Typically, a patient's ultrasound scans are
stored on a floppy disk and archived with the patient's medical records.
7-PRINTERS
• Many ultrasound machines have thermal printers that can be used to capture a hard copy of the
image from the display.
 TYPES OF HARDWARE ISSUES
• TRACKBALL ISSUE
• PRINITING ISSUE
• KEYBOARD ISSUE
• IMAGE QUALITY ISSUE
• POWER SUPPLY ISSUE
• PROBE ISSUE
• ARTIEFFECT ISSUE
PRODUCT RANGE OF GE HEALTHCARE
IN ULTRASOUND
• LOGIQ GENERAL IMAGING
• VOLOUSON WOMEN’S HEALTH
• VIVID CARDIOVASCULAR
• ABUS BREAST IMAGING
• VSCAN FAMILY
• ULTRASOUND IT
• HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION PROBE
• UROLOGY
• POINT OF CARE ULTRASOUND
 PROJECT:IB MINING
OBJECTIVES-
• Data filtering
• Data handling
• Customer connect
• Customer communication
• Networking(Internal and External)
 IB MINING
• Worked on approximately 17,000 data from all
over world.
• Diffrentiated data on the basis of-
1-Available-Not in use
2-Available -Using as a standby
3-Byback
4-Condemn
• Removed approximately 100 dead IB’s from
system on the basis of data collected so as to
improve the CAPTURE RATE.
 GOLDEN SERVICE RULE
• PROPER TOOL
• PROPER LIGHT
• PROPER SPACE
 SOME ABBREVIATIONS
• CMC-COMPREHENSIVE MAINTAINENCE COST
• AMC-ANNUAL MAINTAINENCE COST
• PM-PREVENTIVE MAINTAINENCE
• IB-INSTALLATION BASED
• FMI-FIELD MODIFICATION IFORMATION
• FE-FIELD ENGINEER
THANKYOU