CIVIL SNIPPETS

Tally EVM-VVPAT slips before final counting, Oppn. tells EC- Sobhana K Nair
#GS2 #Governance
Twenty-two opposition parties met the Election Commission (EC) on Tuesday demanding that tallying of
the Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) slips in five polling stations in each Assembly segment with
the Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) be done prior to counting votes cast in EVMs.

If any discrepancy is found anywhere during the VVPAT verification, hundred per cent counting of paper
slips of VVPATs of all polling stations of that Assembly segment should be done, the Opposition parties
demanded. The EC, however, remained non-committal on these demands and told the parties that
there would be a special meeting of the full Commission on Wednesday to examine the issue.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tally-evm-vvpat-slips-before-final-counting-oppn-tells-
ec/article27201789.ece

Pranab raises concerns over safety of EVMs #GS2 #Governance

Former President Pranab Mukherjee on Tuesday issued a statement expressing concern at media
reports of alleged tampering with electronic voting machines (EVMs) and their safety and security.

His statement comes a day after he praised the Election Commission’s conduct of the 2019 Lok Sabha
election while speaking at a book release function and on a day leaders of the Opposition parties
approached the EC for compulsory tallying of all EVM machines with VVPAT of an Assembly segment
in case of mismatch in any one machine.

The safety and security of EVMs which are in the custody of the ECI is the responsibility of the
Commission. It is the ‘workmen’ who decide how the institutional ‘tools’ perform,” he said, adding it
was the job of the EC to ensure institutional integrity, and it must exert itself to put all speculation to
rest.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/pranab-raises-concerns-over-evm-safety/article27201787.ece

Haryana to discourage paddy crop #GS3 #Economy

Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar on Tuesday said the government has decided to discourage
paddy crop sowing as the State was staring at a water crisis due to depleting groundwater level.

He said a pilot project will be launched in seven blocks of Yamunanagar, Ambala, Karnal, Kurukshetra,
Kaithal, Jind and Sonipat districts, where sowing of maize and ‘tur’ pulses would be promoted by giving
incentives to farmers.
“The scheme has been formulated keeping in mind the interest of farmers and water conservation. By
diversifying the area of non-basmati paddy into maize under this scheme, the total saving of water is
expected to be 0.71 crore cm (1 cm = 1 lakh litres of water),” he said, adding that water depletion has
led to 60 dark zones in the State, including 21 critical ones in 10 districts.

During the 1970s, maize and pulses were major crops in Haryana, but they have been replaced by
water-guzzling crops such as paddy and wheat. To revive the old maize or pulses area, immediate crop
diversification of paddy by maize and pulses is our priority.

Under the new scheme, the identified farmers will be provided seeds free of cost. Apart from this, a
financial assistance of Rs. 2,000 per acre will be provided in two parts. The maize crop insurance
premium of Rs. 766 per hectare will also be borne by the government under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal
Bima Yojana.

Also, the maize produce will be procured by government agencies such as HAFED, Food, and Supply
Department at Minimum Support Price. Likewise, ‘tur’ seeds will also be provided free of cost to the
farmers along with financial incentive.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/haryana-to-discourage-paddy-
crop/article27201992.ece

Forget the deal, return our water: Maharashtra to Karnataka- Sharad Vyas #GS2
#Governance
Maharashtra will not sign a water-for-water agreement with Karnataka till it gets back over six thousand
million cubic feet (6 tmcft) of supply from Karnataka which has only returned 0.078 tmcft of the total
6.787 tmcft diverted to it since 2016.

The two States are now dithering over signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to exchange 4
tmcft of water on each side of the border on condition that Karnataka returns 10.787 tmcft at the end of
the agreement period.

Earlier, based on our request, the Maharashtra government had agreed to release water after due
payment. But now they have backtracked and are not releasing water into the Krishna river. This is an
unexpected and shocking decision by the Maharashtra government, especially as it concerns drinking
water.

The MoU shows Maharashtra had plans to supply 4 tmcft from Koyna and Warna downstream of the
Rajapur K.T. Weir. In return, Karnataka was to release 4 tmcft form Tubachi Babaleshwar Lift Irrigation
Scheme (LIS) to be used in drought-prone areas of Jath taluk in Maharashtra and Vijayapura talukain
Karnataka.
Senior officials said there was no question of taking payment for the pending water and the State would
only sign the MoU once the pending supply is returned. “We don’t want money; we want our water
back. The MoU documents shows the two States disagreed on the point of ‘measure discharge’.

“Since infrastructure is proposed to be created parallel to the existing Tubachi Babaleshwar LIS to cater
to Maharashtra’s needs, there is no need to measure the discharge at the State border,” the Karnataka
government wrote in response to the draft MoU. In its reply, Maharashtra said the MoU is as good as
dead.

“Karnataka has expressed its inability to lift 2 tmcft in the rabi season. In short, the Karnataka
government has almost denied to make available 4 tmcft at the State border, while suggesting a parallel
scheme by the side of the Tubachi Babaleshwar. This suggestion is unacceptable to us.

West Nile fever cases in Kozhikode go unnoticed?- A.S. Jayanth #GS3 #SnT

A month after a boy from Malappuram died of West Nile fever in March, four cases of the infection have
been reported from within the Kozhikode Corporation limits too. According to sources in the
department, three Japanese Encephalitis cases were reported from areas such as Chathamangalam,
Kundungal, and Vellayil between January and February.

The presence of the West Nile virus was identified from the mosquito samples collected from these
areas and serum samples of the close contacts of the infected persons by a team from the National
Centre for Disease Control.

There could have been more unreported cases of the disease as 80% of the infected people do not
show any symptoms, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Human infection is most
often the result of bites from infected mosquitoes of the Culex genus.
Mosquito eradication works had been taken up in areas from where these cases were reported. Steps
were alsoThe Health Department is, however, still clueless about the source of the West Nile infection
in Malappuram as the samples of dead crows and mosquitoes collected from the premises of the boy
had turned negative.

Another case of West Nile fever was also reported from the district in the course of the investigation
into the mysterious outbreak of encephalitis in the past few months.

The department had formed a drastic response team and devised a treatment protocol after over 60
encephalitis cases were reported from Malappuram.

Doctors in private and government hospitals had been asked to report unusual fever cases to the
surveillance team under the DMO to spot potential epidemic cases. taken to create awareness among
local residents, she added.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/west-nile-fever-cases-in-
kozhikode-go-unnoticed/article27201773.ece

Pakistani fishing vessel caught after hot pursuit, 200 kg heroin seized- Aditya
Anand #GS2 #IR

The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) on Tuesday seized heroin, estimated to be worth between Rs. 800 and Rs.
1,000 crore in the international market, from a Pakistani fishing vessel off the Gujarat coast.
According to Additional Director General K. Natarajan, Coast Guard commander, Western Seaboard,
they received intelligence inputs on May 20 from the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) and
other agencies that a Pakistani fishing boat was to deliver narcotics off the Gujarat coast to an Indian
fishing boat.

The Coast Guard swiftly diverted its ships for intercepting the vessel. ICG ship Arinjay on patrol off the
India-Pakistan International Maritime Border Line was alerted. Two additional Interceptor Boats C-437
and C-408 from Jakhau and Okha were asked to join the search. An ICG Dornier aircraft was also
launched from Porbandar for aerial recce.

The Coast Guard ships and aircraft noticed one fishing boat, Al Madina , to be suspicious and
shadowed it through the intervening night of May 20 and 21. At first light on May 21, the suspect
vessel crossed the International Maritime Border Line and started moving towards the Jakhau coast.

The Coast Guard team upon boarding the vessel took six crew members into custody and retrieved the
material from the sea.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/pakistani-fishing-vessel-caught-after-hot-pursuit-
200-kg-heroin-seized/article27201699.ece

Germany will do its best to prevent oil shock, says envoy- Kallol Bhattacherjee
#GS3 #Economy

Germany will do everything to save the nuclear deal with Iran, the new German Ambassador to India,
Walter J. Lindner. His statement reflects the official position of Germany, which is working to prevent a
conflict in the Persian Gulf and a consequent oil shock for nations like India.

Nuclear rivalry would break out in the West Asian region if the nuclear deal fell apart. No one wants
such a scenario because of the implications for the world. Germany will do everything in its ability to
keep Iran in the nuclear deal.

Germany, along with other European Union members, supported India’s plans to counter a possible oil
shock in case of increased volatility in the Persian Gulf.

Instability increased after the U.S. government ended waivers for oil purchase from Iran on May 2. The
Ambassador noted that India was yet to decide on whether to continue buying Iranian crude.

German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas was among the signatories to a statement issued after the end of
U.S. waivers for oil trade and vowed to stand by Iran. The waivers were meant for major importers of
Iranian energy, such as India, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Italy, Greece and Turkey.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/germany-will-do-its-best-to-prevent-oil-shock-
says-envoy/article27201705.ece
No dissent notes in orders, says EC #GS2 #Governance
The Election Commission of India (ECI) on Tuesday decided by a majority of 2:1 that dissenting opinions
in the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) disputes will not be made part of any final order and will only be
included in internal files, as per previous practice.

“In the meeting of the Election Commission held today, regarding the issue of MCC, it was inter alia
decided that proceedings of the Commission meeting would be drawn, including the views of all the
Commission Members. Thereafter, formal instructions to this effect would be issued in consonance with
extant laws and rules.

It is learnt that Election Commissioner Ashok Lavasa had maintained his stand that minority views
should get reflected in the MCC orders.

The issue came up before the full bench comprising Chief Election Commissioner Sunil Arora, Mr. Lavasa
and Election Commissioner Sushil Chandra, after Mr. Lavasa raised objections over his dissenting
opinions not being included in the orders on certain speeches of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and BJP
chief Amit Shah.

According to the existing rules, only the majority decision in case of non quasi-judicial issues like the
MCC is communicated to the parties concerned. The divergent opinion is recorded in files. The
dissenting ruling is made part of the order only in quasi judicial matters like the disputes related to the
Representation of the People Act and election symbols.

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/no-dissent-notes-in-orders-says-
ec/article27201720.ece

EC to set up control room for EVM complaints #GS2 #Governance

Faced with widespread Opposition allegations of EVM swapping and tampering, the Election
Commission on Tuesday announced that an EVM control room (011- 23052123) will be set up at the
Nirvachan Sadan for handling any EVM-related complaints till the completion of counting.

Afzal Ansari, BSP candidate from Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh, had held a sit-in protest along with his
supporters outside an EVM strong-room in the constituency on Monday, demanding deployment of five
of his representatives outside the storehouses in eight-hour shifts. The issue was resolved after the local
administration allowed one representative at each of the strong-rooms in the five Assembly segments.

In Chandauli, reserve EVMs and VVPATs were being moved to a strong-room when several Samajwadi
Party supporters protested saying the machines used for polling could be tampered with.

The District Election Officer however, informed the EC that all the parties had been given advance
intimation about the movement of reserve EVMs to the strong-room and all procedures were duly
followed.
An alleged incident was also reported in Jhansi, where EVMs were found inside a City Magistrate’s
vehicle. It turned out that the machines were either kept in reserve or had malfunctioned and were
being taken back to the strong-room.

Responding to the allegations, the EC issued a statement that the visuals circulating in various media
platforms did not pertain to any EVMs used during the polls.

After the close of polls, all polled EVMs and VVPATs are brought under security cover to the
designated strong-rooms, which is sealed with double locks, in the presence of the candidates and
observers of the Election Commission. The panel also said continuous CCTV coverage is done till
completion of counting.

Each strong-room is guarded with round-the-clock security by the Central Armed Police Forces…the
candidates or their designated agents remain present at the strong-room for 24X7 vigil at all times. On
the counting day, the strong-rooms are opened in the presence of the candidates/agents and
observers under videography.

Before counting, agents are shown the address tags, seals and serial numbers of EVMs to confirm that
they were used in the actual polls

https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/ec-to-set-up-control-room-for-evm-
complaints/article27201722.ece

How EVMs travel from strong room to poll booth and back #GS2 #Governance
AHEAD OF counting of votes for the Lok Sabha elections, the security of electronic voting machines has
become the centre of controversy.

On Tuesday, 22 Opposition parties approached the Election Commission over reports of supposedly
suspicious EVM movements, while the EC dismissed allegations of EVMs being switched. A look at the
arrangements made by the EC to secure the journey of an EVM from the strong room to the polling
station and back

During non-election period

All available EVMs in a district are normally stored in a treasury or a warehouse under the direct control
of the District Electoral Officer (DEO). Exceptions can be made in case of unavailability of storage space,
but the designated treasury or warehouse should not be below the level of tehsil.

The warehouse is secured by a double lock, guarded round the clock by policemen or security guards,
and is also under CCTV surveillance. During a non-election period, EVMs cannot be moved out of the
warehouse without specific instructions from the Election Commission. The first-level check of the EVMs
by engineers is done here, in the presence of representatives of political parties.
During poll season

Closer to the election date, EVMs are allocated randomly to various Assembly segments (in a Lok Sabha
seat) through a software in the presence of party representatives.
If the representatives are absent, then a list of allocated EVMs and VVPAT machines for each Assembly
segment is shared with the party office. From this point, the Returning Officer (RO) of the Assembly
segment takes charge of the allocated machines and stores them in designated strong rooms.

Here, the second round of randomisation takes place. EVMs are commissioned to specific polling
stations in the presence of party representatives. In fact, candidates are advised by the EC to share the
machine numbers with their respective polling agents so that they can verify these before polling
begins.

After all machines are prepared with the setting of candidates and fixing of ballot papers, and then
commissioned, the strong room is sealed in the presence of party representatives who can, if they wish,
also put their own seal on the locks.

The strong room is guarded round the clock under the charge of a senior police officer, not below the
rank of a Deputy Superintendent of Police. It can also be guarded by central police forces, wherever
possible.

Once sealed, the strong room can only be opened on a fixed date and time when the machines have to
handed over to the polling parties to be delivered to their designated polling stations. All candidates and
their election agents are informed beforehand about the date and time of opening of the strong rooms.

Apart from the machines allocated to specific polling stations, some reserve EVMs are also taken from
the strong rooms and stored in a central place in the Assembly segment, so that defective machines can
be replaced with as little delay as possible.

This year, in view of last year’s controversy over the movement and storage of unused EVMs during the
Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections, polled and unused machines are being transported only in GPS-
enabled vehicles so that their movement can be tracked by the DEO and CEO.

From booth back to strong room

Once voting ends, EVM are not dispatched to the strong rooms right away. The Presiding Officer is
required to prepare an account of votes recorded in the machines. An attested copy of this is provided
to each candidate’s polling agent.

After this, the EVM is sealed. Candidates and their agents are allowed to put their signatures on the
seals, which they can check for any signs of tampering. Candidates or their representatives travel behind
vehicles carrying EVMs from the polling station to the strong room, preferably located close to the
counting centre.

Reserve EVMs should also be returned at the same time when the polled EVMs are returned. Once all
used EVMs have arrived, the strong room is sealed and the candidate or her representative is permitted
to put their own seals or locks as well. They are also allowed to keep a watch on the strong rooms round
the clock.

Once sealed, the strong room cannot be opened until the morning of counting day. If the strong room
has to opened before that for an unavoidable reason, it can only be done in the presence of the
candidate or his representative, who will be allowed to put their seals or locks again after the room is
closed.

Security forces are deployed in three layers around storage rooms with Central Armed Police Forces
guarding the inner ring. On the day of the results, counting begins only after the candidate or her polling
agent has checked the machine number and whether the seal is unbroken.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/evm-machine-tampering-hacking-election-commission-
electronic-voting-machines-5741250/

Carbon dioxide in atmosphere hits a high: how it relates to global warming #GS3
#Environment
On May 11, global concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was measured to have crossed
the 415 parts per million (ppm) mark for the first time.

On every subsequent day thereafter, the daily average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has
remained over that level, touching 415.7 ppm on May 15. On May 18, the daily average carbon dioxide
concentration, as measured by sensors at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii, was 415.02 ppm.

The rapidly rising concentration, as measured from Mauna Loa and other observatories, is one of the
best indicators of the manner in which the planet has been warming up. The higher the concentration of
carbon dioxide, the greater the greenhouse gas effect that causes the Earth’s atmosphere to heat up.

For several thousand years, the carbon dioxide concentration remained constant around 270-280 ppm,
before the industrial revolution began to slowly push it up. When direct measurements began at the
Mouna Loa observatory in 1958, concentrations were around 315 ppm. It took nearly 50 years for it to
reach 380 ppm, a mark first breached in 2004, but thereafter the growth has been rapid.
The first full-day average of more than 400 ppm was achieved on May 9, 2013; two years later, in 2015,
even the annual average exceeded 400 ppm. Currently, the carbon dioxide concentration is growing at
more than 2 ppm per year, and scientists say the growth rate is likely to reach 3 ppm a year from this
year.

Carbon dioxide’s long life

The increase in atmospheric concentrations is caused by the carbon dioxide being constantly emitted in
different, mostly man-made, processes. In recent years, the growth in global carbon dioxide emissions
has slowed down considerably.

It remained almost flat between 2014 and 2016, and increased by 1.6% in 2017 and about 2.7% in 2018.
In 2018, the global emission of carbon dioxide was estimated at 37.2 billion tonnes.

The rapid rise in the atmospheric concentrations, however, is due to the fact that carbon dioxide has a
very long lifespan in the atmosphere, between 100 and 300 years. So, even if the emissions were to
miraculously reduce to zero all of a sudden, it would have no impact on the atmospheric concentrations
in the near term.

About half of emitted carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants and oceans, leaving the other half to go into
the atmosphere. An addition of about 7.5 billion tonnes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere leads to a 1
ppm rise in its atmospheric concentration.

So, in 2018, for example, half the total emissions, or about 18.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, would
have been added to the atmosphere, leading to rise of 2.48 ppm in atmospheric concentrations.

The absorption of carbon dioxide by plants follows a predictable seasonal variability. Plants absorb more
carbon dioxide during the summer, with the result that a lower amount of carbon dioxide is added to
the atmosphere in the summer months of the northern hemisphere, which has considerably more
vegetation than southern hemisphere. This variability gets captured in the very rhythmic seasonal
fluctuation of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.

The temperature equivalence

The global goal in the fight against climate change has been defined in terms of temperature targets, not
carbon dioxide concentrations. The stated effort of the global community is to keep the rise in average
surface temperatures below 2ºC higher than during pre-industrial times, and if possible below 1.5°C.

The carbon dioxide concentration level corresponding to a 2ºC rise in global temperatures is generally
understood to be 450 ppm. At current rates of growth, that level would be reached in less than 12 years,
that is by 2030. Until a few years ago, it used to be understood that this milestone would not be reached
till at least 2035. The corresponding carbon dioxide level for a 1.5ºC rise is not very clearly defined.

A special report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year said the world
needed to achieve net zero emissions of all greenhouse gases, not just carbon dioxide, by 2050 to keep
alive any realistic chances of restraining the temperature rise to within 1.5ºC. The net zero needs to be
achieved by 2075 to attain the 2ºC target.

Net zero is achieved when the total emissions is neutralised by absorption of carbon dioxide through
natural sinks like forests, or removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through technological
interventions.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/carbon-dioxide-in-atmosphere-hits-a-high-how-it-relates-
to-global-warming-5741252/

Reserve Bank set to create a specialised supervisory cadre #GS3 #Economy

The Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to create a specialised supervisory and
regulatory cadre within the RBI in order to strengthen the supervision and regulation of commercial
banks, urban cooperative banks and non-banking financial companies.

The decision, which was taken at the meeting of the Central Board of the RBi in Chennai on Tuesday,
follows a series of events including the IL&FS defaults, ICICI Bank loan issue, Punjab National Bank fraud
and the liquidity issues in the NBFC sector in the last two years.

The board meeting also reviewed the present structure of supervision in RBI in the context of the
growing diversity, complexities and interconnectedness within the Indian financial sector.

According to banking sources, mutual funds investments in NBFC debt instruments and promoters
pledging of shares and funding of promoters have raised concerns in the wake of the liquidity shortage
being faced by some NBFCs and housing finance companies.

There were complaints that the RBI was lax in the supervisory functions, especially in timely detection of
frauds and poor governance in the banking sector. While the Standing Committee on Finance had last
year questioned the RBI for failing to take preemptive action in checking bad loans in the banking
system prior to the Asset Quality Review undertaken in December 2015, official sources said the RBI
acted quickly and decisively when the bad loan issue cropped up and put 12 banks under the Prompt
Corrective Action (PCA).

When Urjit Patel was the governor of the RBI, the central bank had said in a written letter to the
parliamentary panel that its supervisory process does not constitute an audit of banks. With the number
of commercial bank branches being more than 1,16,000 in the country it would be impossible to cover
each and every branch under the RBI’s supervisory process, the central bank had said.

The RBI currently has a Board for Financial Supervision (BFS), with four Directors from the Central Board
as members and chaired by the Governor. While the Deputy Governors of the Reserve Bank are ex-
officio members, one Deputy Governor, traditionally the Deputy Governor in charge of supervision, is
nominated as the Vice-Chairman of the Board.

In April 2018, a sub-committee of the BFS was constituted, which performs the functions and exercises
the powers of supervision and inspection under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.

The sub-committee is chaired by the Deputy Governor in charge of supervision and includes the three
Deputy Governors and two Directors of the Central Board as members. The BFS oversees the functioning
of Department of Banking Supervision (DBS), Department of Non-Banking Supervision (DNBS) and
Department of Co-operative Bank Supervision (DCBS) and gives directions on regulatory and supervisory
issues.

Meanwhile, the Central Board reviewed the current economic situation, global and domestic challenges
and various areas of operations of the Reserve Bank. Among other important matters, the board
discussed the medium term strategy document, covering the mission statement and the vision
statement.

Other matters discussed by the Board included, inter-alia, issues related to the currency management
and banker to the government functions of the RBI.

The RBI had last week asked non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) with asset size of more than Rs
5,000 crore to appoint a Chief Risk Officer (CRO) with clearly specified role and responsibilities amid
growing worries over an “imminent crisis” in the NBFC sector due to credit squeeze, overleveraging,
excessive concentration, massive mismatch between assets and liabilities and misadventures by some
large entities like the IL&FS group.

https://indianexpress.com/article/business/banking-and-finance/reserve-bank-set-to-create-a-
specialised-supervisory-cadre-5741270/

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