Bibliographic and Footnote Style Guide - Research Guides at New York University 2/18/14, 2:34 PM

Bibliographic and Footnote Style Guide

Guide Information
Last Feb 12, 2014 Guide Index
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Guide URL: http://nyu.libguides.com/citations APA
MLA
Description: This guide provides citation and bibliography assistance. Includes APA, MLA, and
Chicago
Chicago style examples.
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Chicago

Two Chicago Systems

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems, the humanities style (notes and bibliography) and the author-date system. Choosing between the two often depends on subject
matter and nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars. If you are unsure what system you should use for your paper, please ask your professor, teaching assistant, or
publisher which you should follow.

The humanities style is preferred by many in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including
esoteric ones less appropriate to the author-date system.

The more concise author-date system has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last
name and date of publication. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is provided.

You must choose to use either the notes and bibliography system ([N] and [B] below) or the author-date system ([T] and [R] below). Do not mix the two systems. Again, ask your professor if you are unsure
which is preferred.

Adapted from The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Fifteenth Edition. "Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide." http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html (accessed December 21, 2008).

For more information and more examples on both these types, please visit the web site listed above, or for complete guidelines, see Chapters 16 and 17 in the print version of The Chicago Manual of Style,
Fifteenth Edition which is available at the 1st-Floor Reference Desk in Bobst Library (BREF Z253 .U69 2003).

Go to Citing PRINT Sources, Chicago.

Go to Citing ELECTRONIC Sources, Chicago.

Citing PRINT Sources, Chicago

Reference Notes--Footnotes & Endnotes [N] Bibliography [B] Parenthetical Reference List [R]
Type Text [T]
Book: 1 3. David Foster Wallace, A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Wallace, David Foster. A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never (Wallace Wallace, David Foster. 1998. A Supposedly
Author Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments (Boston: Little, Do Again: Essays and Arguments. Boston: Little, Brown 1998, 45) Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and
Brown and Company, 1998), 45. and Company, 1998. Arguments. Boston: Little, Brown and
Company.
Book: 2 12. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, Wikinomics: Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D. Williams. Wikinomics: How (Tapscott and Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D. Williams.
Authors How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (New York: Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Williams 2006. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration
Portfolio, 2006), 151-82. Portfolio, 2006. 2006, 151-82) Changes Everything. New York: Portfolio.
Book: 4+ 19. Edward O. Laumann et al., The Social Organization of Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, (Laumann et Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon,
Authors Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States (Chicago: and Stuart Michaels. The Social Organization of Sexuality: al. 1994, 262) Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels.
University of Chicago Press, 1994), 262. [NOTE: there is Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University 1994. The social organization of sexuality:
no period after the "et" in "et al."] of Chicago Press, 1994. Sexual practices in the United States.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Book: Editor, 7. Bernard O'Donoghue, trans., Sir Gawain and the Green O'Donoghue, Bernard, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green (O'Donoghue O'Donoghue, Bernard, trans. 2006. Sir
Translator, Knight (New York: Penguin, 2006), 36-7. Knight. New York: Penguin, 2006. 2006, 36-7) Gawain and the Green Knight. New York:
or Compiler Penguin.
(instead of
author)
Book: Editor, 23. Jorge Luis Borges, Collected Fictions, trans. Andrew Borges, Jorge Luis. Collected Fictions. Translated by (Borges 1998, Borges, Jorge Luis. 1998. Collected
Translator, Hurley (New York: Viking, 1998), 234. Andrew Hurley. New York: Viking, 1998. 234) Fictions. Trans. Andrew Hurley. New York:
or Compiler Viking.
(in addition
to author)
Book: 4. Noah Baumbach, "The Zagat History of My Last Baumbach, Noah. "The Zagat History of My Last (Baumbach Baumbach, Noah. 2007. The Zagat History
Chapter Relationship," in Secret Ingredients: The New Yorker Relationship." In Secret Ingredients: The New Yorker 2007, 409) of My Last Relationship. In Secret
Contributor Book of Food and Drink, ed. David Remnick (New York: Book of Food and Drink, edited by David Remnick, 409- Ingredients: The New Yorker Book of Food
Random House, 2007), 409. 411. New York: Random House, 2007. and Drink, ed. David Remnick, 409-411.
New York: Random House.
Book: 13. Adrienne Rich, introduction to The Work of a Common Rich, Adrienne. Introduction to The Work of a Common (Rich 1980, Rich, Adrienne. 1980. Introduction to The
Preface, Woman: The Collected Poetry of Judy Grahn, 1964-1977, Woman: The Collected Poetry of Judy Grahn, 1964-1977, xx-xxi) Work of a Common Woman: The Collected
Foreword, by Judy Grahn (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980), xx- by Judy Grahn, v-xxxii. New York: St. Martin's Press, Poetry of Judy Grahn, 1964-1977, by Judy
Introduction, xxi. 1980. Grahn, v-xxxii. New York: St. Martin's Press.
or Similar
Part
Journal 9. Benjamin A. Shaw and Linda S. Spokane, "Examining Shaw, Benjamin A., and Linda S. Spokane. "Examining (Shaw and Shaw, Benjamin A., and Linda S. Spokane.
Article the Association Between Education Level and Physical the Association Between Education Level and Physical Spokane 2008. Examining the Association Between
Activity Changes During Early Old Age," Journal of Aging Activity Changes During Early Old Age." Journal of Aging 2008, 770) Education Level and Physical Activity
and Health 20, no. 7 (2008): 770. and Health 20, no. 7 (2008): 767-787. Changes During Early Old Age. Journal of
Aging and Health 20 (7): 767-787.
Popular 11. Jeremy Miller, "The Tyranny of the Test: One Year as Miller, Jeremy. "The Tyranny of the Test: One Year as a (Miller 2008, Miller, Jeremy. 2008. The Tyranny of the
Magazine a Kaplan Coach in the Public Schools," Harper's Kaplan Coach in the Public Schools." Harper's Magazine. 39) Test: One Year as a Kaplan Coach in the
Article Magazine, September 2008, 39. September 2008. Public Schools. Harper's Magazine.
September.

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Bibliographic and Footnote Style Guide - Research Guides at New York University 2/18/14, 2:34 PM

Newspaper 16. William S. Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His Niederkorn, William S. “A Scholar Recants on His (Niederkorn Niederkorn, William S. 2002. A scholar
Article ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery,” New York Times, June 20, ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery.” New York Times, June 20, 2002) recants on his “Shakespeare” discovery.
2002, Arts section, Midwest edition. 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition. New York Times, June 20, Arts section,
Midwest edition.
Book 22. Bill McKibben, "Green Fantasia," review of Hot, Flat, McKibben, Bill. "Green Fantasia." Review of Hot, Flat, and (McKibben McKibben, Bill. 2008. Review of Hot, Flat,
Review and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution -- And Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution -- And How 2008) and Crowded: Why We Need a Green
How It Can Renew America, by Thomas L. Friedman, The It Can Renew America, by Thomas L. Friedman. The New Revolution -- And How It Can Renew
New York Review of Books 55, no. 17 (November 6, York Review of Books 55, no. 17 (November 6, 2008): 36- America, by Thomas L. Friedman. The New
2008): 38. 39. York Review of Books 55 (17), November 6.
Thesis or 28. M. Amundin, “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Amundin, M. “Click Repetition Rate Patterns in (Amundin Amundin, M. 1991. Click repetition rate
Dissertation Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, 1991, 22–29, patterns in communicative sounds from the
Phocoena phocoena” (PhD diss., Stockholm University, Phocoena phocoena.” PhD diss., Stockholm University, 35) harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. PhD
1991), 22–29, 35. 1991. diss., Stockholm University.
Conference 3. Brian Doyle, “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Doyle, Brian. “Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language (Doyle 2002) Doyle, Brian. 2002. Howling like dogs:
or Meeting Language in Psalm 59” (paper presented at the annual in Psalm 59.” Paper presented at the annual international Metaphorical language in Psalm 59. Paper
Paper international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, presented at the annual international
Berlin, Germany, June 19–22, 2002). Germany, June 19–22, 2002. meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature,
June 19–22, in Berlin, Germany.
Musical See The Chicago Manual of Style, Fifteenth Edition Ibid. Ibid. Ibid.
Scores (2003), 17.263-4.
Audiovisual See The Chicago Manual of Style, Fifteenth Edition Ibid. Ibid. Ibid.
Materials (2003), 17.265-73.

Citing ELECTRONIC Sources, Chicago

Reference General Pattern Bibliography [B] Notes--Footnotes & Endnotes [N] Parenthetical Reference L
Type Text [T]
Electronic Follow the pattern Blackburn, William R. The Sustainability Handbook: The Complete 6. Blackburn, William R. The Sustainability Handbook: The Complete (Blackburn
Book for a book. Add Management Guide to Achieving Social, Economic and Environmental Management Guide to Achieving Social, Economic and Environmental 2007, 67) Blackburn, W
the URL at the Responsibility. London: Earthscan, 2007. Available online at Responsibility. (London: Earthscan, 2007), 67. Available online at Managemen
end of the http://www.ebrary.com. http://www.ebrary.com. Responsibili
citation. http://www.e

Online Follow the pattern Saper, Craig. "Toward A Visceral Scholarship Online: Folkvine.org and 19. Saper, Craig. "Toward A Visceral Scholarship Online: Folkvine.org (Saper 2008) Saper, Craig
Journal for a journal article Hypermedia Ethnography.Journal of e-Media Studies, 1, issue 1 (2008). and Hypermedia Ethnography.Journal of e-Media Studies, 1, issue 1 Hypermedia
Article and include the http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi- (2008). http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi- http://journa
URL. Including bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/4/article/285. bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/4/article/285. bin/WebObje
the "access" date
is optional.
Item in Follow the pattern Katz, James E. and Chih-Hui Lai."News Blogging in Cross-Cultural 18. Katz, James E. and Chih-Hui Lai."News Blogging in Cross-Cultural (Katz and Lai Katz, James
Online for a Contexts: A Report on the Struggle for Voice." Knowledge, Technology, Contexts: A Report on the Struggle for Voice." Knowledge, Technology, 2009, 98) Contexts: A
Database journal/newspaper and Policy, 22, no. 2 (June 2009): 95-107. http://www.springerlink.com. and Policy, 22, no. 2 (June 2009): 95-107. http://www.springerlink.com. and Policy
article and include
the URL.
Including the
"access" date is
optional.
Web Site Include as much The New York Public Library. "History." accessed December 22. 21. The New York Public Library, "History," accessed December 22, (The New The New Yo
of the following as 2008. http://www.nypl.org/pr/history.cfm. 2008, http://www.nypl.org/pr/history.cfm. York Public 22. http://ww
can be Library)
determined:
author of the
content, title of the
page, title or
owner of the site,
URL, and (often)
date accessed. If
there is no author
per se, the owner
of the site may
stand in for the
author.

Blog Entry There is not a Tankboy. "Rockin' Our Turntable: Sonic Youth." Chicagoist. (June 23, 17. Tankboy. "Rockin' Our Turntable: Sonic Youth." Chicagoist. (June (Tankboy Tankboy. "R
or defined style for 2009). 23, 2009). 2009) 2009).
Comment blog entries; http://chicagoist.com/2009/06/23/rockin_our_turntable_sonic_youth.php. http://chicagoist.com/2009/06/23/rockin_our_turntable_sonic_youth.php. http://chicag
instead, choose
the pattern that
fits your source
best and add the
URL and optional
access date.
Email There is not a Amanda Holbrooke, email to James McAninch, September 3, 2008. 25. Amanda Holbrooke, email to James McAninch, September 3, 2008. (Holbrooke Amanda Ho
Message defined style for 2008)
email messages;
treat them either
as private
communications
or letters and
follow those
patterns.

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