EEE 107 Section: ​M

Lab 4: Linear Modulation Group: 2

Atienza, Allysa Joy
Cabalse, Sean
Caracas, Carl Mark
Landicho, Louise
Panti, Keecee

Laboratory Questions

1. What happens to the AM signal envelope when ​m​ is greater than 1? Why is it not advisable to
use values of ​m​ greater than 1?.
- If the modulation index m is greater than 1, overmodulation occurs and signal
information is lost resulting in gaps in the resultant waveform.
2. How can you express a DSBSC as an AM signal? What would its X-Y trapezoidal plot looks
like?
- A DSBSC can be expressed as an AM signal by multiplying the message signal m(t) with
a high frequency carrier signal. The X-Y trapezoidal plot will look like triangles.
3. Using the SSB signal generation block diagram, verify mathematically that the output does
indeed contain only one sideband.

Figure 1. Practical Block Diagram for generating an SSB modulated signal (from module sheet)

- From the diagram, the message signal cosμt was fed through the Quadrature Phase
Shifter. This will produce two outputs with a phase difference of 90 degrees, cosμt and
 sinμt . Following the diagram, S SB = DSB I + DSB Q . Identifying two possible cases,
we derive two equations shown below.
cosμtcosωt − sinμtsinωt = cos(μ + ω ) [Message signal is shifted 90 degrees
passes in I] (Eq. 1)
sinμtcosωt − cosμtsinωt = sin(μ − ω ) [Message signal is shifted 90 degrees
passes in Q] (Eq.2)
- Equation 1 and Equation 2 represents the higher sideband and lower sideband of the
signal respectively.

4. ​[15 points]​ Compare and contrast the three different modulation techniques. What are their
advantages and disadvantages versus one another?
● AM - Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation changes the amplitude of the carrier to represent 0s or 1s. 1 is
represented by the presence of the carrier and 0 indicates absence or no carrier.
● FM - Frequency Modulation
Frequency Modulation changes the frequency of the carrier to represent 0s or 1s. A 0 is
represented by the original carrier frequency, and a 1 is represented by a much higher
frequency. The cycles produced appear to be spaced closer together.
● PM - Phase Modulation
Phase Modulation changes the phase of the carrier to represent a 0 or a 1. For every 1 bit
that occurs, the carrier phase is switched and for a bit 0, it remains unaffected. The phase
of the signal is measured with respect to the phase of the previous bit. The bits are timed
to coincide with a specific number of carrier cycles.

TABLE 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the 3 Modulation Techniques

AM FM PM

Advantages - It is simple to design. - It has a good immunity - It only uses one

to noise on transmission frequency.
medium. - It can easily detect the
- A loss of signal can be loss of carrier.
easily recognized.

Disadvantages - Carrier signal can be - It requires two - It requires complex

interfered by noise spikes frequencies. circuitry to produce and
on the transmission detect phase changes.
 medium - When signal is lost, the
- A loss in connection is detection circuit must
read as 0s. recognize both
frequencies.

FIGURES

Figure 2. AM Signal (m = 0.5) Figure 3. AM Signal (m = 1)

Figure 2. AM Signal (m = 1.5)

REFERENCES
[1] http://epq.com.co/softw_internet/nag1/c4049.htm​. Retrieved on September 22, 2019