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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY GEOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

DID YOU KNOW THAT? INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES

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Di erent layers of atmosphere SEARCH …

 November 21, 2017  Author  Geology and Astronomy 0

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Atmosphere:

The thick layer of air that surrounds the earth’s crust is called the
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This canopy of air covers the lithosphere (the crust and the uppermost mantle)
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and hydrosphere (all the water on the earth’s surface) of this earth.
(Construction and working mechanism)
 It consists of di erent types of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, neon, Safal Parajuli on Sexual reproduction in
argon along with water vapor and dust particles. animals
As the altitude increases, the layer of atmosphere becomes thinner, and the
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temperature also varies at di erent angles.
Origin, Distribution and Function)
On the basis of varying density, altitude and temperature, the atmosphere is
divided into ve distinct layers. Sandesh Koirala on Sericulture and life
Troposphere cycle of silkworm

Stratosphere Jay Prasad on Adaptation in animals

Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
The distinguished transitory layers called pauses are present between these
individual layers.

1. Troposphere:

It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere extending up to 16km from the

surface of the earth.
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This layer lies at about 8-10 km at the poles and 16 km at the equator.
About 95% of the atmosphere lies in this layer. And see why everyone is addicted
Large amount of heavy gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gases, Desert Order 2019

water vapor etc. are present.

Cloud formation, wind, lightning, rain, hail stone fog formation etc. take place in
this layer.
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Troposphere is important for the meteorologists as they forecast weather by
studying this layer. March 2019
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The temperature falls by 6.5 C for every 1 km rise in altitude.
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As the temperature varies with height, this layer is also called a variable layer.
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The uppermost part of this layer is called the tropopause.
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2. Stratosphere:
November 2018

It is the second layer over troposphere extending from 16 to 50 km above the October 2018
surface of the earth.
September 2018
Ozone, nitrogen and oxygen are the main gases present in this layer.
Ozone layer lies on the upper part of this layer, hence also called the August 2018

ozonosphere. July 2018

At about 20-30 km from the surface, ozone layer is continuously formed and
June 2018
depleted because of UV radiation from the sun.
99% of UV radiation from the sun is absorbed by ozone layer and hence protects May 2018
plants and animals from its harmful e ects. March 2018
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The temperature starts increasing (from -56 C to -2 C) with the increase in the
February 2018
altitude because of absorption of solar radiation by ozone layer.
There is less water vapor and thin clouds and hence all the jet planes y in this January 2018

layer to avoid the bumpy air pockets of troposphere. December 2017

The uppermost boundary of this layer is called the stratopause, which separates
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the stratosphere from the mesosphere.
October 2017
3. Mesosphere:
September 2017

It is the third layer and extends from 50 to 80 km above the earth’s surface. August 2017
 The temperature decreases with height and reaches up to -1090 C. July 2017
The streaks of hot gases released from meteors can be seen in this layer.
The uppermost boundary of this layer is called the mesopause which separates CATEGORIES
the mesosphere from the thermosphere.

Adaptation in living organisms

4. Thermosphere:
Anatomy and Physiology
It is the fourth layer and starts from the mesopause.
Bacterial genetics
This layer extends from 80 to 720 km above the earth’s surface and occupies
about 0.01% of the total atmosphere. Bacteriology

The temperature increases with height due to solar radiation. Biochemistry

The density of air is very low and the gases present are very low.
Biology
The lower region contains nitrogen and oxygen molecules, whereas the upper
Biotechnology
region consists of hydrogen and helium.
The gaseous molecules (nitrogen and oxygen) undergo ionization and give ions Botany
due to the e ect of UV radiation of the sun, hence this region is also called the
Cardiovascular system
ionosphere.
Radio waves transmitted from the earth are re ected back to the earth from this Chemistry

layer and thus helps in communication. Did you know that?

The uppermost region of this layer is called thermopause.
Di erences between

5. Exosphere: Endocrine system

Geology and Astronomy

It is the outermost layer of the atmosphere which extends beyond the
thermosphere. Immunology
It extends from 720 km and gradually merges with the outer space.
Inventions and discoveries
The temperature of this layer is very high.
Microbiology
The density of air is very low, but the wind blows at high speed.
This layer is very far from the earth’s surface, so there is no e ect of gravity. Molecular Biology

It is also called the fringe region as it forms the outermost edge of the Mycology
atmosphere.
Parasitology

Physics

Skeletal system

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