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EEG With Image
EEG With Image
EEG is the study of electrical activity of the brain. The biological name of brain is
Encephalon. Activity of brain is measured from electrodes that are placed on scalp.
1. Brain Major Parts
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal Cord
2. Significance of EEG
3. Action Potential of the brain
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)
4. Evoked Potential
5. EEG Electrodes
6. Placement of Electrode
Anterior – Posterior (Front – Back)Measurement
o Front Pole (FP)
o Frontal (F)
o Central (C)
o Parietal (P)
o Occipital (O)
Lateral Measurements (21 Electrode Systems)
o Temporal Point (T)
o Central Point (C)
7. EEG Recording Method
Unipolar
Average Mode (Wilson Mode)
Bipolar Mode
8. EEG Recording Setup
Eight Channel Selector
Differential Amplifier
Signal Processing Unit
Filter
9. EEG Waveform
Alpha Wave (α Wave)
Beta Wave (β Wave)
Theta Wave (θ Wave)
Delta Wave (δ Wave)
N.Mathavan || AP – ECE – NSCET
Brain Major Parts
Cerebrum
It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the
initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.
Cerebellum
It plays a vital role in the ability of the human being to maintain their balance
Medulla oblongata
It is associated with the control of the functions like breathing, heart rate,
kidney function etc.,
Spinal Cord
The large group of nerves that runs through the center of the spine and carries messages
between the brain and the rest of the body.
Significance of EEG
EEG is useful in the diagnosis of neurological disorders and sleep disorders. EEG is
primarily used for diagnosis including the following
Helps to detect and localize cerebral brain lesions
Aid in studying epilepsy
Assist in diagnosing mental disorders
Assist in studying sleep patterns
Allow observation and analysis of brain responses to sensory stimuli
ACTION POTENTIAL OF TBE BRAIN
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
If the transmitter substance is inhibitory, then the membrane potential of the
receptor neuron increases in a negative direction. So that it is less likely to discharge. This
induced potential change is called as Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential.
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential
If the transmitter substance is excitatory, then the receptor membrane potential will
increase in a positive direction. So that it is more likely to discharge and produces a spike
potential. This induced potential change is called as Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential.
Differential Amplifier
The 51 Hz interference is reduced by employing differential amplifiers as preamplifiers
with more than 81 dB CMRR and by use of 51 Hz notch filters. The effect of notch filter on
signal distortion is not so much because important EEG signals have frequencies below 31 Hz.
EEG Wavesform
The electrical recordings from the surface of the brain or from the outer surface of the
head demonstrate continuous electrical activity in the brain. The intensities of the brain waves
on the surface of the scalp range from 1-311uV and their frequencies range from 1.5 Hz to
111Hz.
Brain waves are irregular and no general pattern can be discerned in the EEG.
However at other times distinct patterns will appear
N.Mathavan || AP – ECE – NSCET
Delta Waves(δ Wave)
Frequency : 1.5 to 4 HZ
Occurrence : These occur only once in every 2 or 3 seconds during deep sleep, in premature
babies and in very serious organic diseases. These can occur strictly in the cortex
independently by the activities in the lower regions of the brain.
Theta Waves(θ Wave)
Frequency : 4 to 8 Hz
Occurrence : These are recorded from the parietal and temporal regions of the scalp of
children. These also occur during emotional stress in some adults particularly during
disappointment and frustration.
Alpha Waves (α Wave)
Frequency : 8 to 13 Hz
Occurrence : They are found in normal persons when they are awake in a quiet resting
state. They normally occur in the occipital region. During sleep they disappear.
Beta Waves(β Wave)
Frequency: 13 to 31 Hz
Occurrence: These are recorded from the parietal and frontal regions of scalp. These are
divided into two types as
Beta I which inhibited by the cerebral activity and
Beta II which excited by the mental activity like tension.
N.Mathavan || AP – ECE – NSCET