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Power Plant
Power Plant
Basic Principle
Basic principle in modern power plants is based on Rankine Cycle. It is applicable
for conventional coal fired steam turbine plant as well bottoming turbine for combine
cycle plants.
Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Re-heating (4-5) the steam
in the boiler. The steam is expanded to some intermediate pressure in turbine and
then reheated in boiler. Following reheat the steam is expanded to the cycle
exhaust pressure in the turbine again.
Efficiency of Rankine cycle can also be increased by Regeneration which
involves feed-water heaters. This cycle regains some of the irreversible heat lost
when condensed liquid is pumped into the boiler by heating feed-water through
heaters (Using extraction steam).
Gas Fired Power Plants
Open Cycle
Combined Cycle (With or without Supplementary Firing)
Cogeneration (With or without Supplementary Firing)
Gas Fired Power Plants
All equipments required for providing combustion air and extracting flue gas are
included.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Fans, Dampers, Air Pre-
Heaters are covered in this area.
Normally includes Furnace Draft Fans, Induced Draft Fans, Primary Air Fans,
Secondary/Primary Air control Dampers, Air Pre-Heaters.
Major function of this system to maintain furnace draft, provide combustion air
and perform proper heat exchange between air and flue gas.
All equipments required for providing superheated steam are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Super-heaters, Attemprators
are covered in this area.
Normally includes Water-walls, Drum, Super-heaters, Attemprators, Main Steam
isolating valves.
Major function of this system is to separate steam from water, superheat steam to
desired pressure and temperature and isolate boiler if steam is not required.
All equipments required for providing reheated steam are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Re-heaters, Attemprators are
covered in this area.
Normally includes Re-heaters, Attemprators.
Major function of this system is to provide reheated steam at desired pressure.
All equipments required for bypassing the HP and IP/LP turbine are included
here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Bypass valves, Attemprators
are covered in this area.
Normally includes HP/LP bypass valves, Attemprators.
Major function of this system is to maintain desired main steam/ HRH
pressure/temperature during turbine start-up and shutdown and bypass the
HP/IP/LP turbine during tripping.
All equipments required for providing auxiliary steam are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual valves, Attemprators are
covered in this area.
Normally includes auxiliary steam pressure control valves and attemprators.
Major function of this system is to provide auxiliary steam for Soot-blowing,
Steam Coil Air-Preheating, Turbine Seal-Steam System, De-aerator Pegging, Fuel
Heating etc. during plant start-up and normal running
All equipments required for extracting steam from steam cycle are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual non-return valves and isolating
valves covered in this area.
Normally includes individual non-return valves and isolating valves.
Major function of this system is to provide extraction steam for auxiliary steam
header, De-aerator Pegging, HP/LP Heaters during plant start-up and normal
running for overall improvement in plant efficiency.
Condensate System
All equipments required for condensate extraction from hot-well are included
here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Condensate Extraction Pumps,
isolating valves, recirculation valves, make-up valves are covered in this area.
Normally includes individual Condensate Extraction Pumps, isolating valves,
recirculation valves and make-up valves.
Major function of this system is to extract condensate from hot-well, maintain the
condensate losses and maintain hot-well level.
Feed-water System
All equipments required for circulating cooling water are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open
Cycle Pumps, isolating valves, recirculation valves, level control valves are
covered in this area.
Normally includes individual Closed Cycle Pumps, Open Cycle Pumps, isolating
valves, recirculation valves, level control valves.
Major function of this system is to provide cooling water to plant equipments like
condenser, generator, HT motors, vacuum system etc.
All equipments required for draining and venting boiler and turbine are included
here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual drain and vent valves are
covered in this area.
Normally includes drain and vent valves situated in different areas of boiler and
turbine.
Major function of this system is to drain boiler and turbine steam lines as per
plant conditions. This system is an essential part of plant start-up and shut-down.
All equipments required for controlling turbine throttle valves are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to individual HP Control Valves, IP Control
Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip,
Manual Trip are covered in this area.
Normally includes Electro-Hydraulic Converter, HP Control Valves, IP Control
Valves, HP Shut-off Valves, IP Shut-off Valves, Over-speed Trip, Vacuum Trip,
Manual Trip.
Major function of this system is to regulate turbine control valves as per load/
throttle pressure requirement depending upon boiler follow or turbine follow
mode respectively.
All instruments required for supervising turbine thermal stresses are included
here.
All interlocks and protections related to turbine thermal stresses are generated in
this area.
Normally includes thermal stress measurements related to turbine Inner/outer
casing temperatures, turbine control/shut-off valves temperatures etc .
Major function of this system is to guide operator and restrict loading/unloading
of turbine to avoid fatigue to turbine and turbine valves during start-up, running
and shut-down.
All instruments required for supervising turbine conditions are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to turbine vibrations, turbine expansions,
axial shift, bearing temperatures are generated in this area.
Normally includes turbine vibrations, turbine expansions, axial shift, bearing
temperatures .
Major function of this system is to supervise turbine operating conditions during
start-up, running and shut-down.
All equipments required for Off Site Coal Handling are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer,
Crushers and Conveyor are generated in this area.
Normally includes Wagon Tippler, Stack/Re-claimer, Crushers and Conveyor
System.
Major function of this system is to Unload coal from Wagons, Stack the coal,
convey the coal to crushers and from crushers to the coal bunkers
Ash Handling System
All equipments required for Off Site Ash Handling are included here.
All interlocks and protections related to Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash
removal system, Ash Silos, if dry ash removal system, are generated in this area.
Normally includes Slurry Maker/Transfer system, if wet ash removal system, Ash
Silos, if dry ash removal system.
Major function of this system is to remove ash from boiler (bottom ash hoppers,
ESP ash hoppers).
DM Water System
All equipments required for Off Site DM water making are included here.
All interlocks and protections related DM water making are generated in this area.
Normally includes chemical treatment plant, DM water Storage Tanks, DM water
transfer pumps.
Major function of this system is to provide DM water to the Main Power Plant
Area. Some of the equipments like generator require DM Water for its cooling
due conductivity reasons.
All equipments required for Off Site water cooling are included here.
All interlocks and protections related Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans
are generated in this area.
Normally includes Cooling water pumps, Cooling Tower fans, Cooling Towers.
Major function of this system is to cool the water that got heated after heat
exchange in condenser and other coolers located in plant area, and can be re-used.
Fuel Master receives Throttle Pressure demand from Boiler Master (UCC in CBF
Mode).
As the turbine valves modulates to match the MW demand, disturbance will be
created in throttle pressure.
Fuel Master increase or decreases fuel to maintain throttle pressure.
All Control loops like fuel master, air master, feed-water master in boiler area
working in auto.