PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

Engr. Rainier Gomez

Problems 1-3:
The air quality index exceedances for fifteen cities in Metro Manila are
12, 8, 10, 5, 17, 19, 31, 11, 88, 11, 19, 37, 1, 2, 12. Calculate the mean
exceedance for all these cities.

A) 18.52
B) 18.65
C) 18.87
D) 19.03
2
Calculate the median of these data.

A) 11
B) 11.5
C) 12
D) None of the above
3
Calculate the mode of these data.

A) 11
B) 12
C) 19
D) All of the above
Problems 4-6:
The scores of 16 students for a certain topics1 exam are as follows:
12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78, 89, 21, 32, 43, 54, 65, 76, 87, 98. Calculate
the first quartile of this set of scores.

A) 32.5
B) 29.5
C) 32
D) 34
5
Calculate the 7th decile of this set of data.

A)
6
Calculate the 87th percentile of this set of data.

A)
Problems 7-9
The lead concentration of certain samples of water taken from the
West Philippine Sea was measured in ppm and the following
concentrations were acquired: 14, 40, 12, 42, 21, 32, 14, 25, 44, 41, 20,
27, 33, 12, 10, 18, 18. What is the standard deviation of these
measurements?
A) 11.7
B) 11.3
C) 12.1
D) 12.5
9
Calculate the interquartile range of these measurements.

A)
9
Using the data given as basis, what is the z-score of a 26 ppm
measurement?

A)
10
This branch of statistics is concerned with quantitatively describing or
summarizing features of a collection of information.

A) Descriptive Statistics
B) Normative Statistics
C) Inferential Statistics
D) None of the above
11
The branch of statistics dealing with conclusions, generalizations,
predictions, and estimations based on data from samples.

A) Descriptive Statistics
B) Normative Statistics
C) Inferential Statistics
D) None of the above
12
A/n ________ is a set of all possible outcomes of a random process.

A) Event
B) Sample Space
C) Complement
D) Probability
13-14
Twenty electric motors are pulled from an assembly line and inspected
for defects. Eleven of the motors are free of defects, eight have defects
on the exterior finish, and three have defects in their assembly and will
not run. Calculate the number of motors having both types of effects.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
14
For the previous problem, calculate the number of motors with exactly
one defect.

A) 7
B) 8
C) 9
D) 11
15
If the occurrence of one event means that another cannot happen,
then the events are
(A) Independent
(B) Dependent
(C) Mutually Exclusive
(D) United
(E) Intersecting
16-17:
Suppose that three employees are to be selected from ten to visit a
new plant. In how many ways can the selection be made?

A) 120
B) 240
C) 480
D) 720
17
If two of the ten employees are female and eight are male, what is
probability that exactly one female gets selected among the three?

A) 1/3
B) ½
C) 7/15
D) 1/5
18
Suppose that 10 employees are to be divided among three jobs, with
three employees going to job I, four to job II, and three to job III. In
how many ways can the job assignment be made?

A) 5040
B) 4200
C) 3600
D) 16800
19
Suppose that out of 100 students completing an introductory statistics
course, 20 were business majors. Ten students received A’s in the
course, and three of these students were business majors. What is the
probability that a student did not get an A in the course, given that this
student is a business major?
A) 0.8
B) 0.9
C) 0.95
D) 0.85
20
A section of an electrical circuit has two relays, numbered 1 and 2,
operating in parallel. The current will flow when a switch is thrown if
either one or both of the relays close. The probability of a relay closing
properly is 0.8 for each relay. The relays operate independently.
Determine the probability that the current will flow.
A) 0.8
B) 0.64
C) 0.96
D) 0.90
21-22
In a study of lifetimes for a certain type of battery, it was found that the
probability of a lifetime X exceeding 4 hours is 0.135. If four such
batteries are in use in independently operating systems, find the
probability that only one of the batteries lasts 4 hours or more.
22
For the previous problem, find the probability that at least two
batteries lasts 4 hours or more.
23-24
For a certain Manufacturing industry, the number of industrial
accidents averages three per week. Find the probability that at most
four accidents will occur in a given week.

A) 0.6
B) 0.7
C) 0.8
D) 0.9
24
Find the probability that two accidents will occur in a given day.

A) 0.03
B) 0.04
C) 0.05
D) 0.06
25
Which of the following is a Type I error?

A) Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false

B) Reject the null hypothesis when it is true
C) Accept the alternative hypothesis when it is false
D) Reject the alternative hypothesis when it is true
26
A firm that manufactures and bottles apple juice has a machine that
automatically fills 16-ounce bottles. There is, however, some variation in the
amount of liquid dispensed (in ounces) into each bottle by the machine.
Over a long period of time, the average amount dispensed into the bottles
was 16 ounces, but there is a standard deviation of 1 ounce in these
measurements. If the amount filled per bottle can be assumed to be
normally distributed, find the probability that the machine will dispense
more than 17 ounces of liquid into any one bottle.
A) 0.15
B) 0.16
C) 0.17
D) 0.18
27
Suppose that another machine, similar to the previous example,
operates so that ounces of fill have a mean equal to the dial setting for
“amount of liquid” but have a standard deviation of 1.2 ounces. Find
the proper setting for the dial so that 17-ounce bottles will overflow
only 5% of the time. Assume that the amounts dispensed have a
normal distribution.
The depth setting on a certain drill press is 2 inches. One could then
hypothesize that the average depth of all holes drilled by this machine
is 2 inches. To check this hypothesis and the accuracy of the depth
gauge, a random sample of 100 holes drilled by this machine was
measured and found to have a sample mean of 2.005 inches with a
standard deviation of 0.03 inch. With 𝛼 = 0.05, can the hypothesis be
rejected based on these sample data?