URINARY SYSTEM
mass of fatty tissue that surrounds
Kidney Functions
 Regulating of the blood ionic
composition
 Regulating blood pH
 Regulating blood volume
 Regulating blood pressure
 Maintaining blood osmolarity
 Producing hormones
 Regulating blood glucose level
 Excreting wastes and foreign
substance
Anatomy and Histology of the Kidneys
 Kidneys – reddish, bean-shaped and
about the size of the tightly clenched
fist.
-retroperitoneal (behind the
peritoneum and located on each side of the
vertebral column)
External Anatomy of the Kidneys
 A typical kidney in adult is 10-12cm
long, 5-7 cm wide, 3cm thick and
has a mass of 135-150g.
 Renal hilus – deep vertical fissure
through which the ureter emerges
from the kidney along with blood
vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
nerves.
3 layers of tissue that surrounds the
kidney:
 Renal Capsule – deep layer; smooth ,
transparent sheet of dense irregular
connective tissue that is continuous
with the outer coat of the ureter.
 Adipose Capsule – middle layer;
the renal capsule.
 Renal fascia – superficial layer; thin
layer of dense irregular connective
tissue that anchors the kidney to the
surrounding structures and to the
abdominal wall.
Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys
2 distinct regions:
 Renal Cortex – superficial, smooth-
texture reddish area
- Divided into outer cortical
zone and inner
juxtamedullary zone
- Renal columns – portions
that extend between renal
pyramid.
- Renal lobe – overlying
area of renal cortex
 Renal medulla – deep, reddish-
brown inner region; consist of 8 to
18 cone-shaped called renal
pyramid
 Renal papilla -
apex/narrower end
*Together, the renal cortex and renal
pyramids of the renal medulla
constitute the parenchyma
(functional portion) of one kidney.
*Papillary ducts – urine formed by
the nephrons; it drains into cuplike
structures called minor and major
calyces.
*Renal sinus – contains part of the
renal pelvis, the calyces, and
branches of the renal blood vessels
and nerves.

Blood Nerve and Supply to the

Kidney

Although the kidneys constitute less

that 0.5% of the total body mass,
they receive 20-25% of the resting
cardiac output via the right and left
renal arteries.
 Illustrations:

 External Anatomy of the kidney

 Internal Anatomy of the kidney  Blood Nerve and Supply