Jenny Juniora Ajoc November 12, 2019

BSN 211
DRUG STUDY

LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Drug Indication Contraindication Mechanism of Action Side Effect/ Adverse effect Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name For catheterization Contraindicated in Local Anesthetic drugs  Acute anaphylaxis  Teach the patient about
Brand Name As a gel: prior to patients block pain where the  pruritic rash and the drug, its side effects,
catheterizing the hypersensitive or drug is administered, blisters at site (within and what to expect.
Procaine HCl bladder (as a allergic to drug. allowing the patient to 72 hours) if allergic
 Check for preoperative
Novocain lubricant and as a still be conscious. These  Vasovagal syncope
vital signs
local anesthetic Drug should not be drugs mainly act by  Tinnitus
Chloroprocaine administered when preventing sodium  metallic taste  Check general
Nesacaine Topical application: there is presence influx through the ion  perioral paresthesia  Check patient for any
Useful in children of inflammation or channels in the  Seizures allergies or
Lidocaine HCl prior to performing infection at the neuron’s cell  Bradycardia hypersensitivities to the
Xylocaine minor invasive injection site membrane. When the  decreased cardiac drug
procedures such as intake of sodium is contractility  Monitor lab results such
Bupivacaine venipuncture or Presence of interrupted, an action as liver and renal
 atrioventricular block
Marcaine intravenous catheter neurological potential cannot function tests, and
 Ventricular
placement deficits in the area happen due to the lack plasma esterases to
arrhythmias
Mepivacaine of distribution of depolarization and watch out for possible
 Cardiogenic shock
Carbocaine HCI, Lidocaine + conduction of a signal is need to reduce dose and
 methemoglobinemia
Isocaine, prilocaine (Emla Adverse effects inhibited. evaluate for toxicity.
Polocaine cream) should be may arise for fetus
applied topically 60 or baby when
Dibucaine minutes before patient is pregnant
Nupercainal procedure. or breastfeeding
Classification: As a mouth
Local gargle/spray: before
Anesthetics performing indirect
(esters or laryngoscopy,
amides) endoscopy, etc.

Dosage: for skin surgery such

Dosage varies as biopsy, suturing,
depending upon foreign body
the status of the extraction, and many
patient, age, more.
procedure that
they may have,
and other drugs
that are
included in their
medication
therapy;
Maximum dose
of lidocaine
(plain, w/o vaso
-constrictor) is
4.5 mg/kg (not
exceeding 300
mg)

Route:
Topical
Infiltration
Subcutaneous
 INHALATION ANESTHETICS
Drug Indication Contraindication Mechanism of Action Side Effect/ Adverse effect Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name NO2 is usually used Conditions which These drugs are  Nausea  Teach the patient about
Brand name for dental surgery. are at risk for believed to prevent  Vomiting the drug, its side effects
It is also combined hypoxia. excitatory presynaptic  Respiratory depression and contraindications,
Gas: with other drugs channel activity  Hypotension and what to expect.
Nitrous oxide for anesthetic use. Pregnancy and mediated by the  Dysrhythmias
Laughing gas lactation neuron’s serotonergic,  Check for preoperative
 Hepatic dysfunction vital signs
Volatile liquids: nicotinic, and  Malignant
Volatile liquids: Motility and Hepatic glutaminergic receptors,  Check general condition
hyperthermia (In of patient
Halothane maintenance of impairment while also activating the patients at risk).
Fluothane general anesthesia inhibitory post-synaptic  Check patient for any
 sore throat (through allergies or
Cardiovascular channel activity breathing tube)
Methoxyfluorane disease. Drugs can mediated by glycine and hypersensitivities to the
 pneumothorax drug
Penthrane cause bradycardia GABA-a receptors. At
 bowel obstruction  If patient is
and hypotension the spinal cord, these
 acute sinus pain, breastfeeding, they
Enflurane drugs reduce afferent
middle ear pain should wait at least 4
Ethrane Halothane is and efferent
 Inactivates Vitamin hours after inhaling NO2
contraindicated information movement
Isoflurane with ketamine thereby blocking
B12.  Oxygen is always given
Forane intake as it can response to pain. with nitrous oxide as
cause severe drug can prevent
Desflurane hypotension and reuptake of O2 after
Suprane bradycardia surgery.
 Tell children not to bite
Sevoflurane Halothane is themselves when under
Ultane contraindicated dental anesthesia.
with those of  Children and older adults
Classification: increased are more at risk for
General intracranial toxicity and adverse
anesthetic pressure effects
Dosage:
Dosage varies
depending upon
the status of the
patient, age,
procedure that
they may have,
and other drugs
that are included
in their
medication
therapy

Route:
Inhalation
 INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETICS
Drug Indication Contraindication Mechanism of Action Side Effect/ Adverse effect Nursing Responsibilities

Generic Name For surgical Methohexital is Most IV anesthetics barbiturate anesthetics  Teach the patient about
Brand name procedures: contraindicated agents exert their action  CNS suppression the drug, its side effects
For the induction with Silicon objects through potentiation of  Bradycardia and contraindications
Thiopental and maintenance of such as Rubber GABA-a receptor  Hypotension  Check for preoperative
sodium anesthetic state as stoppers activity. Potentiation of  Respiratory depression
Pentothal well as for induction disposable syringes GABA-a receptors vital signs
 Decreased GI activity
of hypnosis. as it will cause increases conductance  Check general condition
 Nausea
Methohexital breakdown of the of the chloride ions,  Vomiting  Check patient for any
sodium For sedation: useful silicon. resulting in inhibitory allergies or
Brevital sodium to provide a currents at post- nonbarbiturate anesthetics hypersensitivities to the
continuous sedative Pregnancy and synaptic sites and  CNS suppression drug
Thiamylal state lactation inhibition of neuronal  respiratory depression  Tell patient to avoid
sodium activity.
 Chills drinking or smoking prior
Surital Rapid onset pf the
 Hypotension to taking anesthetics
anesthetics can
 Hallucinations
Classification: cause respiratory  Lactating women are
 Drowsiness
General depression and advised to breastfeed 4-
anesthesia apnea.  local burning on
injection sites 6 hours after receiving
 bradycardia anesthetic
Dosage: Contraindicated
 pulmonary edema  Discarding opened vials
Dosage varies with narcotics
within 6 hours is a
depending upon
necessary precaution to
the status of the
prevent sepsis.
patient, age,
procedure that
they may have,
and other drugs
that are
included in their
medication
therapy

Route:
Intravenous