Formerly Andres Soriano Junior Memorial School

FRC, Puro, Aroroy, Masbate

English – Minasbate

A ZA project through the collaboration of Grade 12

and

for the subject

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

October 2019
A-M - 12 GAS Ascension
N-Z - 12 HUMSS Visitation

N - Jeremy Mendoza
O - Jean Clarisse Acyatan and Cecil Catalan
Q - Frenilyn Mesa and Jinky Buhay
R - Celame Canencia and Mary Al Amican
S - Marien Mae Bacud
T - Genaro Balbuena and Elmo Dela Rosa (20+ terms)
V - Jay Mark Balbuena and Rica Ponseca
Y - Elmo Dela Rosa
Z - Mark Angelo Miradora
 A B
Absurdism. Philosophy stating that the efforts of
man to find meaning in the universe will
ultimately fail because no such meaning exist.
Isad na pilosopiya na naga sabi na an pagkapoy
san isad na tao para mahagilap an ibig sabihon
san kalibutan kay mababalewara kay wara man
gid san eksakto na ibig sabihon.
Ascriptivism. The view that people are able to be
held responsible for their actions even if
determinism is not true.
An pagtuod kay reponsabilidad na hihimoon para
sa mga aksiyon bisan an determinasyon kay dili
matuod.
Acosmism. Denies the reality of the universe
seeing it as ultimately illusionary.
Gina tanggi na may kamatuodan an mundo, an
pangita kay isad lang na ilusyon.
Aestheticism. Another name for the aesthetic
movement, a loosely defined movement in art
literature. Art does not have any didactic purpose
it need only be beautiful.
Isad na ibig sabihon san "aesthetic movement" na
naga sabi na an isad na "sining" dili niya layi na
magtukdo kailangan lang nya maging maganda
sa pangita san tao.
Agnosticism. Particulary theological claims
regarding the existence of God, gods.
Naga paintindi tungkol sa pag uspot san mga
Diyos kag dyos-dyosan.
Behaviorism. (not to be confused with
behavioralism of political science) An approach
to psychology based on the preposition that
behavior can be researched scientifically without
recourse to inner mental states. Is a form of
materialism, denying any independent
significance for the mind. Its significance for
psychological treatment has been profound,
Making it one of the pillars of pharmacological
therapy.
Naga hiwag para sa usad na paga adal san isip.
base sa pag kilala sa usad na bagay na an iya
paga hiwag related or ugwan ugnayan sa science
na may pagasa na mag pili sa usad na situation
gamit an imo pag Isip. usad ina na paagi na guina
hatagan importansia an paga isip, paga bua na
aminon an usad na bagay na waran kahulogan sa
usad na bagay. ugwa san kahulogan sa usad na
paga adal san psychology kag maga abot ka san
treatment kun ugwa manan san pagkakamali
saimo isip.
Biologism. (biological determination) The
interpretation of humans and human life from a
strictly biological point of view, and its closely
related to genetic determinism.
An usad na paga intindi/paga paintindi sa tao kag
buhay san tao hali sa paga tuna or panganak san
tao na pagaisip, kag pinaka malapit ini sa
kaninonunoan na waran mapipilian an tao.
E
Emotionalism. An inclination to rely on or
place focus on emotion.
Usad na pagkahilig na mag-asa o ibutang ang
pagtuon sa emosyon.

Egalitarianism. A political doctrine that holds
that all people should be treated as equals.
An politika na ginatuodan na naga hawid san
tanan na tawo kay dapat tratuhon san pareho.
Emanationism. Belief that reality necessarily
proceeds from a first principle.
Pagatuod na an kamatuodan kay kailangan na
magtuna sa usad na prinsipyo.
Eudaimonism. A system of ethics that evaluates
actions in terms of their capacity to produce
happiness.
Usad na pamamaraan o sistema san etika na
gasuri sa mga aksyon o hiwag sa mga
pagmando san inda kapasidad para makabuo
san kalipay.
Experimentalism. A philosophy that uses data
obtained from experiments in order to ascertain
the integrity of an idea or proposed concept.
Usad na pilosopiya na gagamit san mga datos
para makakuha hali sa mga experimento kag
para maarman ang intigredad san usad na ideya
o ginamungkahi na konsepto.
H
Hedonism. It could mean the ethical view that
pleasure is the greatest good, and that pleasure
should be the standard in deciding which course
of action to pursue.
Nagalabas na an pagtuod sa etikal na kalipayan
kay amo an pinakamatahom na kaayusan, tag an
kaayusan kay dapat may pamantayan sa
pagadisisyon kun hain na landas an dapat
idaretso. .
Hegelianism. It can be summed up by a favorite
motto by Hegel: ”The rational alone is real,
"meaning that all reality is capable of being
expressed in rational categories.
Pwede ini mapa dyutay san usad na paborito na
kasabihan ni hegel: "Ang makatwiran na naga
usad kay matood", ibig sabihon ang tanan na
kamatuodan kay may kusog na isabi sa
pamamagitan san mga kategorya.
Hinduism. Arguably the oldest religion in the
world.
An pinakaluma na relihiyon sa mundo.
Holism. The idea that all the properties of a given
system cannot be detwrmined or explained by the
sum of its constituent parts alone.
An aram na an tanan na bagay na usad na
naihatag na sistema kay dili matukdo o masabi sa
tanan na mga nasasakupan na kaupod sani.
Hylozoism. The philosopical conjective that all
or some material things possess life, or that all life
is inseparable from matter.
An pan pilosopikong pan uri na ang tanan o iba
na mga materyal na bagay kay igwa san buhay, o
an tanan na buhay kay dili maibubulag hali sa
bagay.
I
Immoralism. The philosophy that man should
try to strive for the perfect aesthetic of eternal
life.
An pilosopiya san tao na dapat subukan para
makuwa an maayo na kagandahan san pan loob
na buhay.
Incompatibilism. The belief that free will and
determinism are not logically compatible
categories.
An ginatuudan na malayang kalooban at
paninindigan ay dili lohikal at magkauyon sa
kategorya.
Infinitism. Is the view that knowledge may be
justified by an infinite chain of reasons.
Ang ginapakita na an kadunongan kay nagrason
sa usad na waran katapusan sa usad na matibay
na rason.
Interpretivism. In epistemology, the view that
all knowledge is a matter of interpretation.
Sa epistemolohiya, gakita na an tanan na
kaaramn kay usad na bagay san interpretasyon.
Intrinsicism. A philosophy that holds that the
intrinsic value of an object cannot be judged by
humans.
An usad na pilosopiya na naga hawid na an
matuod na importansya san usad na bagay kay
hndi pwede husgahan san mga tao.
J natural law. Taiwo law in a dialectical
Jainism. A dharmic religion centered around
asceticism and ahimas, or non-violence.
Ang dharmic relihiyon sa tunga san bilog na
istrekto na nagapinitensya o di karahasan.
Jansenism. A branch of Catholic thought that
emphasized original sin, human depravity, the
necessity of divine grace, and predestination.
Named after Cornelius Otto Jansen.
Ang sangay san katoliko kay para tutukan san
atensyon an tunay na kasal an san mga tao kay
hali sa karautan. An kinahanglan san banal ma
grasya an importamsya ginsunod sa pangaran
ni Cornelius Otto Jansen.
Judaism. A manotheistic, Abrahamic religion
descended from the ancient Hebrews.
An aton Diyos na hali sa dati na Hebreo.
L
Libertarianism. In metaphysics, the claim that
free will exists', generally opposed to
determinism( But see compatibilism.) in political
philosophy, either of two anti- statist political
positions.
Sa metapisika an pagtanggap san kusa san
kabuot-on naga usbong gyapon nakakaiba
labaliktadan para determenasyon ( pero nakita
man gyapon na magkasundo). Sa politika
pilosopya san duwa na kontra sa estatistiko
politika, posisyon.
Legal naturalism. Term coined by Olufemi
Taiwo for a current in the social philosophy of
Karl Marx that can be interpreted as one of
materialistic context.
Termino likha sa pamamagitan ni Olofemi
Taiwo para sa hasta yana na ang sosyal
pilosipya san Karl Marx na pwede maging
magpaliwanag bilang isad na natural batas.
Taiwo Law sa ang dyaletiko materialistik
konteksto.
Liberalism. In politics, a position that favors
liberty as a political value. Liberalism has taken
many meanings throughout history, but
commonalities include a focus on individual
liberty, Democratic republicanism (liberal An materyalismo kay usad na klase san
democracy). pilosopiya san monismo na nagahawid sa mga
bagay kun hain amo an pinakauna na panakot o
Sa pulitika ang posisyon na pabor na kalayaan
sangkap sa kalikasan. Kag na an tanan na
bilang isad na pulitika halaga. Liberalismo ay
bagay kaupod na an mga estado sa pang isipon
may kinuha na damo na kahulugan sa
kag kamangnuhan kay amo an kinalabasan san
pamamagitan san kasaysayan pero ang mga
materyal na pakipag ugnayan.
commonalities, iupod ang pag pukos sa
indibiduwal liberalismo, demokratiko
ripablikanismo, (Liberal democratiko).
Monotheism. The belief in the existence of one
deity, or in the oneness or uniqueness of God.
Ang monoteismo kay an pagatood sa
M pagkakaugwa san usad na diyos, o sa
pagkakausad o pagkakaiba san Diyos.
Mentalism. The view that the mind and mental
states exist as causally efficacious inner states of
persons.
Manichaeismo (manichaeism). Usad sa pinaka
An pagkita o pagtood na an estado sa isip kag madugay na relihiyon kaya lng wara na ini
sa pang isipon kay ga iral bilang igwa san bisa sugad pero gin tistingan gyapon ini buhayon sa
sa pansulod na estado san mga tao. pangaran ni Ne-macheasmo, pero sa kadamuan
san gin surat san nagtuna na propeta na Mani
ay nawara.
Monism. Monism attributes oneness or
singleness to a concept.
Marxismo (Marxism). Usad na pilosopiya
Ang monismo kay naga patungkol sa pagiging politiko,ekonomiko na posisyon kag grupo base
usad sa usad na konsepto. sa mga himo ni Karl Marx kag ni Friedrich
Engels. An marxismo may usad na matibay na
pundasyon na ginhimo sa sulod 200 ka anyos na
Mechanism. The belief that natural wholes are grupo na kilala sa tawag na komonismo. Na
like complicated machines or artefacts, dahilan para maging leininismo, stalinismo,
composed of parts lacking any intrinsic maoismo kag trotskyismo, na an kada usad na
relationship to each other. grupo nag hatag san kaaraman partikyular sa
mga naga pamuno na politiko.
An mekanismo kay an pagatood na an tanan na
likas kay pareho san mga kumplikado na makina
o mga bagay na hinimo san tao na ginabuo san
mga parte na wara san importante na Mazdaismo (mazdaism). Usad sa relihiyoso na
kaugnayan o relasyon sa kada usad. grupo na nagakilala sa inda diyos na si Ahura
Mazda, na gin proklama ni zoroaster na usad na
dili na himo na maging diyos.
Materialism. A form of philosophical monism
which holds that matter is the fundamental
substance in nature, and that all things, including
mental states and consciousness, are results of
material interactions.

N malain-lain na nagakita bilang “nihilistiko.”
Nativism. An opposition to immigration that
originated in United States politics, that
distinguishes between Americans who were born
in the United States, and "first-generation"
immigrants. It is based on fears the immigrants do
not share supposedly American values.
Isad na pagsalungat sa imigrasyon na naghali sa
politika san Estados Unidos na nakikilala sa
pagitan san mga Amerikanona ipinanganak sa
Estados Unidos, kag mga dili taga-didi sa bansa.
Base ini sa hadlok na an mga imigrante kay dili
nagabahagi san mga kaugalian san mga
Amerikano.
Necessitarianism. A metaphysical principle that
denies that any facts or events are contingent or
indeterminate, from human actions to the laws of
physics themselves.
Isad na prinsipyo sa metapisika na nagapahabo
sa maski nano na kamatuodan o kaganapan kay
dili tugot o di sigurado, hali sa mga hiwag san
tawo hasta sa mga batas gid san Pisika.
Nihilism. Philosophical view that the world, and
especially human existence, is without meaning,
purpose, comprehensible truth, or essential value.
It is more often a charge leveled against a
particular idea than a position to which someone
is overtly subscribed. Movements such
as Dada, Deconstructionism, and punk have been
described by various observers as "nihilist."
Pilosopikal na pangitaon na an kalibutan kag an
kaigwahan san buhay san tawo okay waran ibig
sabihon, layunin, naiintindihan na kamatuodan o
importansya. Kay ini ginsukot na mas daku pa
labansa partikular na ideya kaysa sa isad na
posisyon kun hain an isad na taw okay nakatutok
gayod. An mga hiwag parehas san Dada,
Deconstructionism, tag punk kay gin esplikar san
Nominalism. The belief that universals or mental
concepts have no objective reality but exist only
as words or "names" (Latin nomina).
An pagatuod na an mga unibersal o konsepto san
kadunungan kay waran pulos kag pero naga-iral
lang bilang mga istorya o “pangaran.”
O
Obscenity. An obscene representation or display,
particularly of the human body or a part of it,
represents it in abstraction from human
commitment and emotion.
An partikular na lawas san tao o parte na
nagarepresenta san abstraksyon hali sa tawo kag
emosyon.
Occassionalism. The view that reserves the
casual efficiency to the motion of the core events
in the world from occasions or which God acts so
as to bring about the events normally
accompanying them.
An pagkita san kaswal na espiritu san Ginoo sa
nangyayari sa aton kalibutan.
Omniprescence. The capacity of God to be
present everywhere at the same time.
An kapasidad san Ginoo na ada maski diin sa
isad na panahon mismo.
Optimistic. Predictive of the best outcome
according to consequentialism, the aim of action
should be to act optimistically.
An pagbunga san maayo na kinalabasan.

Q body of advisers and representatives.
Qualities. Defined as the feature or
characteristics of person or thing.
Usad na bilang san tampok o katangian san mga
tao o hayop
Quasi-realism. A representation of how things
really are, or being practical and facing facts.
Ang pinakauna na uri san representasyon kun
nano an bagay gid o pagkatao ta na praktikal na
nakaatubang sa aton an matuod.
R tag para mapalawak an pagatiwala natun pati an
Rationalism. The approach to philosophy that
regards logic and rational argument as the
fundamental means of finding philosophy truth.
An paghikayat san philosopiya na may
connection sa lohika tag rational na argumento
tag an fundamental na katawagan sa paghanap
san pilosopiyang paghahanap.
Realism. The metaphysical position inspired
largely by aristotle and based on the conviction
we percieve in the external would are ultimately
real.
An metaphysical na position na kinuha na dako
kay aristotle na base saiya conviction san usad na
bagay na gina percieve sa labas san mundo na
talagang matuod.
Republic. Plato"s term of a political system
wherien a philosophers as a king, who wisely
distributes the power and authority to a trusted
An katangian ni plato sa politikong systematiko
na kung diin an pilosopo na naga serve na hari
na matalinong naga hatag san kapangyarihan
tag awtoridad na para pagkatiwalaan san lawas
san taga hatag san payo tag representante.
Relativism. The new that the meaning and value
of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute.
relativist claim that human understand and
evaluate beliefs and behaviors only in terms of,
for example their historical and cultural content.
An larawan na naga hatag san symbolo sa atun
paga ugali tag sa paga tiwala tah an atun paga
hiwag na wara san maayus na absolute. an
relativist naga kuha san mga tao san paga intindi
atun paga ugali na ginaatawag na usad na
halimbawa para sa history tag an cultural
content.
Reconstructivism. A philosophy that holds the
societies should continually reform in order to
establish more perfect government or social
network.
An pilosopiya na naga hawid sa societies na naga
patuloy para ma establish an order tag para
maging perpekto an aton government o kaya an
social network
S
Sikhism. A monotheistic dharmic religion based
on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev.
An monotiyestiko dharmic relihiyon kay
nakabase sa katukduan ni Guru Nanak Dev.
Skepticism. A school or method of doubt
regarding what is held as knowledge.
An eskwelahan o paagi san pagkakaigwa san
pagtuod kun nano an natutun-an.
T and Henry David Thoreau (1817-62). It maintains
Tabula rasa. A Latin phrase meaning “blank
slate,” used by Locke to describe the state of the
human mind at birth. Locke believed there are no
innate ideas and that the mind gets all of its ideas
from experience.
May nakuwa ang estado, ang pagkuwa ng
pagkatao na gatuod siya na igwa isip ang may
aram at gina kuwa niya ideya may karansan ito.
Teleological ethics. In contrast with
deontological ethics, this moral theory holds that
whether an action is morally right depends solely
on its expected consequences. See also
utilitarianism.
Igwa kaibahan an wara nahawedan kag
ginakuwa ang maayo ugali maabot asahan an
kalabasan na ginhimo.
Thomism. The philosophical and theological
system developed by St. Thomas Aquinas in the
thirteenth century. One of its chief principles is
that philosophy seeks truth through reason while
theology seeks it through revelation from God;
therefore, the two are compatible.
May mga pilosopo ng magbuo si Thomas usad
ang prisepyo ang pilosopo naga panayag sa
Panginoon.
Transcendent. Beyond the realm of sense
experience. In many religious views, God is held
to be transcendent.
May igwa lupain karanasan, sa pagtuod kan
Panginoon pigilan ang masamang sagabal.
Transcendentalism. A nineteenth-century
movement developed in New England and
expounded by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1830-82)
that beyond our material world of experience is
an ideal spiritual reality that can be grasped
intuitively.
19 siglo higwag “New England” nagahiwag dili
ndonag-udong ang mundo naransan ng mabug-at
dili mahawedan.
Transmigration of souls. The belief that the
same soul san, in different lifetimes
(incarnations), reside in different bodies, human
or animal. While typically a part of most Eastern
religions, the doctrine came into Western
philosophy from Pythagoras and his
contemporaries in the sixth century B.C. and
especially through Plato.
Nagatuod na igwa kluluwa an hayop na damo
relihiyon at nagatuod pilosopo lano na malaga
ito.
Thought experiment. An imagined scenario.
Our intuitions may be incompatible with what a
theory claims about a scenario, forcing us to
decide between the theory and our intuitions.
Gina-dumdum niya an senaryo kun maayo ba,
kun ano ang kaibahan ng isang teorya.
Transcendence. Refers to what is beyond us.
Thus, God is transcendent (Descartes) in the
sense that can know all its powers. Sartre is
another that transcends me in the sense that his
freedom still eludes me.
Aling daw ang rampas na kaya ni Panginoon
kaya ilabas an kapangyarihan niya kung ano
maramdan ito malaya ba ito.
Transcendental. This is a method used in
metaphysics. In Kant’s transcendental reflection
on the condutions of the knowledge of objects of
metaphysics (time and space, for example).
Should not be confused with the transcendent.
May usad na gamiton sa kalagayan na may ugwa
aram na halimbawa pwede ito himuon.
Teleological. Having to do with purposes or ends.
The second half of the third Critique examines the
objective purposiveness in our perception of
natural organisms in order to construct a system
of teleological judgment.
May igwa rason na dili matapos an ginhimo sa
pangduwa o may tulo pa layo nagatuod sa
organisado sistema.
Theism. Belief in the existence of a god,
especially belief in one god as creator of the
universe.
An pagatuod san pag-pairal san diyos, lalo na sa
pagatuod sa diyos bilang usad na tagahimu san
mundo.
Theodicy. The vindication of divine goodness
and providence in view of the existence of evil.
An pagapatunay san banal na kabuutan kag paga
patunay sa pagkita na pag-iral san karautan.
Theological. Relating to or involving the
explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose
they serve rather than of the cause by which they
arise.
Relevant sa kinasangkutan an paliwanag san
mga makaharadlok na mga terms na an gusto
ninda mahimo magbulig kundi man sa inda hali
mismo.
Theoretical. One of Kant’s three main
standpoints, relating primarily to congition-i.e.,
to what we know as opposed to what we feel or
desire to do.
May igwa naga tindog na may karamdaman kung
pwede himuon sa pagpatol.
Thing in itself. An object considered
transcendentally apart from all the conditions
under which a subject can gain knowledge of it.
Hence the thing in itself is, by definition,
unknowable.
Pwede mag utro sa transendensiya na igwa
karamdaman sinda paka na may aram sa sadiri
kalugan.
Time. See space and time.
Kun igwan oras.
Transcendent. The realm of thought that lies
beyond the boundary of possible knowledge
because it consists of objects that cannot be
presented to us in intuition-i.e., object we can
never experience with our senses (sometimes
called noumena).
Igwan lupain sinda naga boundary possible
mangyari aram dahil dili ninda maistorya wara
sinda karanasan dili pa sinda handa himuon.
Timocracy. See polity.
Igwa kaayusan sa pamahalaan.
Truth. According to Plato and many subsequent
philosophers, one of the three aims of the
philosophical quest. It corresponds to the head
and is powered by reason.
Igwa patunay an mga pilosopo na usad lang mga
bagay bagay ng kapangyarihan.
Truth table. Any of numerous ways of
displaying the truth value of a specific type of
logical proposition. One of the functions of truth
tables id to help avoid committing fallacies.
Damo damo numero gina pakita at naga tuod
sinda mas mabug-at at tiyak pagkakatala
Tyranny. Aristotle’s term for a political system
wherein one bad person holds all the power and
authority.
Igwa politico na may usad na maayo na ugali
naga hawid kapangyarihan.
V An youthism kay usad na ekspresyon na nabuo
Value pluralism. Also known as ethical
pluralism or moral pluralism, it is the idea that
there are several values which may be equally
correct and fundamental, and yet in conflict with
each other.
Matuwid na kaugalian na ginapamatuodan kag
igwa siya san pagkakonektado sa kada usad.
Verification. The process of establishing the
truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Proseso sa paglabas san kamatuodan sa usad na
bagay.
Vitalism. The theory that origin and phenomena
of life are dependent on a force or principle
distinct from purely or chemical or physical
forces.
Usad na teorya na ginapakita san modelo na
igwa san kapangyarihan.
Voluntarism. The principle of relying on
voluntary action (used especially with reference
to the involvement of voluntary organization in
social welfare).
Pangkatan na gaboluntaryo na kaupod an tanan
na organisasyon.
Voluntaryism. Less common term for
voluntarism.
Y
Youthism. It is a neologism construed from
youth + ism which means discrimination against
young people.
hali sa “kabataan”+ ism na an ibig sabihon kay
diskriminasyon laban sa mga kabataan.
Z
Zen Buddhism. A fusion
of Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism, practiced
chiefly in China and Japan. It places great
importance on moment-by-moment awareness
and 'seeing deeply into the nature of things' by
direct experience.
Ginhalo na Mahayana Buddhism kag Taosim na
pirmi ginahimo tag dati na na kaugalian sa China
kag Japan. Ginatagaan sani san dako na
importansya an pagmangno sa kada momento
san buhay kag an ‘hadarom na paghuna-huna sa
itsura san mga bagay’ hali mismo sa sadiri na
karanasan.
Zeno of Citium. Ancient Greek philosopher who
founded the Stoic school.
Sinadto na pilosopo na Griyego na nagtindog san
eskwelahan san mga Stoiko.

Zeno of Elea. Ancient Greek philosopher who

formulated paradoxes that defended the belief
that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-
430 BC)
Sinadto na pilosopo na Griyego na naghimo san
mga paradox na ginadepensahan an pagatuod na
ilusyon lang kag waran kamatuodan an
paghiwag kag an pagbabag-o.

Zombie. In the philosophy of mind,

a philosophical zombie (or a p-zombie) is a
thought experiment. The zombie is a hypothetical
creature that appears and behaves exactly as a
human being does, but is not actually sentient.
That is, the zombie is actually a mindless entity
that merely goes through the motions as a living
being would, but does not have experiences.
Sa pilosopiya san isip, an pilosopikal na zombie
kay isad na eksperimento hali sa isip. An zombie
kay kunyare isad na nilalang na kapareho an
itsura kag panhiwagon sa mga tawo, pero hindi
nakakaramdam san emosyon. Kaya an zombie
kay waran isip na nilalang na ginahimo an mga
bagay na parehas san ginahimo san isad na tawo,
pero wara siya san karanasan na ginhimo niya
idto.

Zoroastrianism. The religion and philosophy

based on the teachings ascribed to the
prophet Zoroaster.
Isad na relihiyon kag pilosopiya base sa mga
katukduan na hali kuno kan propeta Zoroaster.