1.

Database :

A database is a collection of data, typically describing the activities of one or

more related organizations.

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

A database management system, or DBMS, is software designed to assist

in maintaining and utilizing large collections of data.

2.

A DBMS is a piece of software designed to make the preceding tasks easier. By storing data in.a DBMS
rather than as a collection of operating system files, we can use the DBMS's features to manage the data
in an efficient manner. As the volume of data and the number of users grow hundreds of
gigabytes of data and thousands of users are common in current corporate databases DBMS support
becomes indispensable.

3. Difference between logical and physical independence…………

Physical Independence: The logical scheme stays unchanged even though the storage
space or type of some data is changed for reasons of optimization or reorganization.

Logical Independence: The external scheme may stay unchanged for most changes of
the logical scheme. This is especially desirable as the application software does not need to be
modified or newly translated.

Logical Data Independence:

Logical data independence is the ability to modify the conceptual schema without having
alteration in external schemas or application programs. Alterations in the conceptual schema may
include addition or deletion of fresh entities, attributes or relationships and should be possible
without having alteration to existing external schemas or having to rewrite application programs.

Physical Data Independence:

Physical data independence is the ability to modify the inner schema without having alteration to
the conceptual schemas or application programs. Alteration in the internal schema might include.
* Using new storage devices.
* Using different data structures.
* Switching from one access method to another.
* Using different file organizations or storage structures.
* Modifying indexes.

4. What are the different types of languages supported in database?

DDL: Data Definition Language

DML: Data Manipulation Language

DCL: Data Control Language

TCL: Transaction Control

5. A data model is used to organize data. A data model captures the cardinality and
referential integrity rules needed to ensure that the data is of good quality for the users.

A data model has 3 uses in an application which are getting data in, integrating data and
getting data out.

A data model is also used as a communication tool for teams to communicate within the
team on how data is organized and between teams.

6. Different types of users accessing the database

Administrator
Naïve user
Sophisticated user
Application programmer